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The James T. Callow Folklore Archive
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Proverb
The article states a need for investigation into American author's use of proverbs. says in looking for proverbs in a work, that the definition of a proverb should be taken in its widest sense.
The Mieder study lists 322 different proverbs in "The People, Yes."
Data entry tech comment:
Motifs Added by TRD
Where learned: Proverb of Carl Sanburgs Poem, The People Yes ; Southern Folklore Quarterly
Keyword(s): AMERICAN ; Authors ; DEFINITION ; Investigation ; poem ; PROVERB ; Sandberg ; Study
| Subject headings: | PROVERB -- PROVERB | 
Entry filtered.
LEGEND OF MONTE SANO
	THE NAME OF A MOUNTAIN NEAR HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA IS DERIVED
	FROM A TRGIC LOVE STORY. A WHITE SETTLER FELL IN LOVE WITH
	A BEAUTIFUL INDIAN MAIDEN NAMED MONTE. HER (MONTE'S)
	FATHER SAID SHE COULD NOT MARRy THE WHITE MAN, BUT MUST
	MARRY THE INDIAN PRINCE. THE WHITE MAN DIED OF A BROKEN
	HEART SAYING, "MONTE SAY NO TO THE PRINCE."
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: TENNESSEE ; NASHVILLE
Keyword(s): Alabama ; INDIAN ; Legend ; Marry ; Native American ; Settler
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Explanation of a name | 
Date learned: 04-00-1972
THE GRIM REAPER
	THE WORLD OF PROFESSIONAL ATHLETICS HAS CREATED A NUMBER OF
	IMAGINARY CREATURES. ONE IS WELL KNOWN TO THE MANY ROOKIES
	WHO HAVE FAILED TO MAKE THE GRADE. GEORGE ATTEMPTED TO MAKE THE
	CLEVELAND BROWNS' FOOTBALL TEAM THIS PAST SUMMER BUT FAILED.
	HE MENTIONED THAT "THE GRIM REAPER" WAS REALLY PRESENT. WHEN YOU
	WERE CALLED TO THE COACH'S OFFICE, "THE REAPER" HAD STRUCK AND
	HIS PRESENCE WAS FELT. THIS CREATURE SEEMS TO BE RATHER UNIVERSAL
	IN CONJUNCTION WITH AMERICAN FOOTBALL.
Submitter comment:
GEORGE TOLD ME THIS JUST AFTER RETURNING FROM "CAMP" TO DETROIT.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DEARBORN
Keyword(s): AMERICAN ; Cleveland Browns ; Football ; Haunting ; Reaper ; SPORTS ; SUPERSTITION
| Subject headings: | BELIEF -- Ghost Spirit Phantom Specter BELIEF -- Entertainment Diversion  | 
Date learned: 08-00-1964
LAKE BELIEF
	ACCORDING TO LOCAL INDIAN BELIEF IN SYRACUSE NEW YORK, THE LAKE HAS
	NO END AND JUST SINKS ENDLESSLY IN THE EARTH.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT ; DETROIT
Keyword(s): American Indians ; ETYMOLOGY ; GEOGRAPHY ; INDIANS ; Lake ; Legend ; Lore ; NEW YORK ; River ; Syracuse ; WATER
| Subject headings: | BELIEF -- Still water Small body. | 
Date learned: 10-14-1970
FINGER LAKES BELIEF
	THE IROQUOIS BELIEVED THAT THE FINGER LAKES OF UPPER NEW
	YORK STATE WERE FORMED BY THE HAND OF GOD, DESCENDING IN BLESSING
	UPON THE LAND.
Submitter comment:
	MR. WYATT LEARNED OF THE LEGEND WHILE LIVING IN GENEVA, NEW YORK
	HIS HOME. GENEVA IS ONE OF THE FINGER LAKES.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Keyword(s): AMERICAN INDIAN ; BELIEF ; BLESSING ; ETYMOLOGY ; Finger ; Finger Lakes ; Hand of God ; INDIAN ; Iroquois ; Lakes ; Lakes ; Legend ; NEW YORK ; Origin ; WATER
| Subject headings: | BELIEF -- Still water Small body. | 
Date learned: 10-22-1965
LAKES BELIEF
	SOME PEOPLE HOLD THAT THERE IS A SUBTERRANEAN CONNECTION BETWEEN
	LAKE HURON AND HIGGINS LAKE. THIS BELIEF IS EXEMPLIFIED BY AN
	INDIAN TALE OF AN INDIAN WHO WAS DROWNED DURING A STORM ON HIGGINS
	LAKE, BUT WHOSE CANOE WAS FOUND ADRIFT ON LAKE HURON.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DEARBORN
Keyword(s): AMERICAN INDIAN ; Higgins Lake ; INDIAN ; Lake ; Lake Huron ; Lakes ; Legend ; Subterranean
| Subject headings: | BELIEF -- Still water Small body. | 
Date learned: 02-00-1968
FORMING MICHIGAN
ONE DAY THE INDIAN GOD WAS DRAWING THE VARIOUS LANDS ON THE GLOBE.
AND AS HE WAS TRACING ALONG, HE HAD TO LEAN ON THE LAND WITH HIS
OTHER HAND FOR SUPPORT. WELL, WHEN HE GOT DONE DRAWING AND HE
STOOD BACK TO LOOK AT HIS WORK, HE FOUND THAT HE HAD MADE A BIG
HAND PRINT RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE LAND. WELL, THAT HAND PRINT
IS NOW THE STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Submitter comment:
THIS LEGEND WAS TOLD TO MY SISTER ONE DAY IN SCHOOL.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; Lansing
Keyword(s): CREATION ; ETYMOLOGY ; GEOGRAPHY ; INDIAN ; Legend ; Lore ; MICHIGAN ; Native American ; Origin
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Creation and Order of Universe PROSE NARRATIVE -- Formation BELIEF -- Creator  | 
Date learned: 11-01-1968
FORMING MICHIGAN
	ONE DAY THE INDIAN GOD WAS DRAWING THE VARIOUS LANDS ON THE GLOBE.
	AND AS HE WAS TRACING ALONG, HE HAD TO LEAN ON THE LAND WITH HIS
	OTHER HAND FOR SUPPORT. WELL, WHEN HE GOT DONE DRAWING AND HE
	STOOD BACK TO LOOK AT HIS WORK, HE FOUND THAT HE HAD MADE A BIG
	HAND PRINT RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE LAND. WELL, THAT HAND PRINT
	IS NOW THE STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Submitter comment:
THIS LEGEND WAS TOLD TO MY SISTER ONE DAY IN SCHOOL.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; Lansing
Keyword(s): CREATION ; ETYMOLOGY ; GEOGRAPHY ; INDIAN ; Legend ; Lore ; MICHIGAN ; Native American ; Origin
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Creation and Order of Universe PROSE NARRATIVE -- Formation BELIEF -- Creator  | 
Date learned: 11-01-1968
FORMING MICHIGAN
	ONE DAY THE INDIAN GOD WAS DRAWING THE VARIOUS LANDS ON THE GLOBE.
	AND AS HE WAS TRACING ALONG, HE HAD TO LEAN ON THE LAND WITH HIS
	OTHER HAND FOR SUPPORT. WELL, WHEN HE GOT DONE DRAWING AND HE
	STOOD BACK TO LOOK AT HIS WORK, HE FOUND THAT HE HAD MADE A BIG
	HAND PRINT RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE LAND. WELL, THAT HAND PRINT
	IS NOW THE STATE OF MICHIGAN.
Submitter comment:
THIS LEGEND WAS TOLD TO MY SISTER ONE DAY IN SCHOOL.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; Lansing
Keyword(s): CREATION ; ETYMOLOGY ; GEOGRAPHY ; INDIAN ; Legend ; Lore ; MICHIGAN ; Native American ; Origin
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Creation and Order of Universe PROSE NARRATIVE -- Formation BELIEF -- Creator  | 
Date learned: 11-01-1968
STORY
	IN THE 1820'S AT SPRING ARBOR, MICHIGAN, AN INDIAN CHIEF WAS
	CAPTURED DURING THE WAR. AFTER THE WAR, THE ENGLISH ALLOWED
	HIM TO RETURN TO HIS TRIBE. HE WAS SIX FEET TALL AND USED
	CRUTCHES TO GET AROUND. IT IS SAID THAT HE WOULD CHALLENGE
	ANY MAN TO RACE WITH HIM AND THAT HE ALWAYS WON. EVEN THOUGH
	ONE-LEGGED, HE HAD DEVELOPED AN ENORMOUS SPRINT WITH THE AID
	OF HIS CRUTCHES.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SPRING ARBOR
Keyword(s): INDIAN ; Legend ; Native American
| Subject headings: | ART  CRAFT  ARCHITECTURE -- Occupation War BELIEF -- Body part Senses Feet, toes, toenails  | 
STORY
	IN THE 1820'S AT SPRING ARBOR, MICHIGAN, AN INDIAN CHIEF WAS
	CAPTURED DURING THE WAR. AFTER THE WAR, THE ENGLISH ALLOWED
	HIM TO RETURN TO HIS TRIBE. HE WAS SIX FEET TALL AND USED
	CRUTCHES TO GET AROUND. IT IS SAID THAT HE WOULD CHALLENGE
	ANY MAN TO RACE WITH HIM AND THAT HE ALWAYS WON. EVEN THOUGH
	ONE-LEGGED, HE HAD DEVELOPED AN ENORMOUS SPRINT WITH THE AID
	OF HIS CRUTCHES.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT ; SPRING ARBOR
Keyword(s): Chief ; INDIAN ; Legend ; Native American
| Subject headings: | ART  CRAFT  ARCHITECTURE -- Occupation War BELIEF -- Body part Senses Feet, toes, toenails  | 
Date learned: 03-19-1970
STORY
	IN THE 1820'S AT SPRING ARBOR, MICHIGAN, AN INDIAN CHIEF WAS
	CAPTURED DURING THE WAR. AFTER THE WAR, THE ENGLISH ALLOWED
	HIM TO RETURN TO HIS TRIBE. HE WAS SIX FEET TALL AND USED
	CRUTCHES TO GET AROUND. IT IS SAID THAT HE WOULD CHALLENGE
	ANY MAN TO RACE WITH HIM AND THAT HE ALWAYS WON. EVEN THOUGH
	ONE-LEGGED, HE HAD DEVELOPED AN ENORMOUS SPRINT WITH THE AID
	OF HIS CRUTCHES.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT ; SPRING ARBOR
Keyword(s): INDIAN ; Legend ; Native American
| Subject headings: | ART  CRAFT  ARCHITECTURE -- Occupation War BELIEF -- Body part Senses Feet, toes, toenails  | 
Date learned: 03-19-1970
INDIAN LEGEND
	THE INDIANS OF THE NORTHWEST ONLY FISHED IN CREEKS.
	SOME STRANGERS CAME ALONG--THERE WERE SIXTEEN OF THEM.
	THEY WERE STRANGE LOOKING, FOR THEY WERE TALL WITH BLUE
	EYES AND BLOND HAIR. THEY HAD METAL WEAPONS. THEY
	TAUGHT THE INDIANS HOW TO BUILD BOATS AND HOUSES AND
	HOW TO HUNT FOR WHALES. LEGEND SAYS THAT THESE WERE
	VIKINGS WHO CAME OVER WITH LEIF ERIKSEN--THEY WENT DOWN
	THE GREAT LAKES, UP THE FOX RIVER TO THE MISSISSIPPI,
	THEN UP INTO CANADA. A FEW YEARS AGO A VIKING SHIP
	WAS FOUND THERE; ALSO A STONE TABLET WITH VIKING
	WRITING ON IT.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Keyword(s): GEOGRAPHY ; INDIAN ; INSTRUCTION ; Native American ; Origin ; Settlement ; Viking
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Human Being PROSE NARRATIVE -- Secular hero  | 
Date learned: 05-15-1965
Counting-out rhyme used by African American children
	My mama and your mama were hanging out the clothes.
	My mama socked your mama right straight in the nose.
	What color was the blood? Answer y/n
	N O spells no and you are out of this game.
Submitter comment:
	This games is done with each participating players putting
	one foot in a circle with all toes touching together. The
	callers says the above rhyme touching each person's shoe.
	Each round of the rhyme eliminates a person until eventually
	there is only one person left and that person is "it."
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT ; other children in the community
Keyword(s): African American ; COUNTING ; GAME ; Playground ; RHYME ; Selection
| Subject headings: | Ballad Song Dance Game Music Verse -- Game Verse Game Verse | 
Date learned: 00-00-1961
{ FAMILY SAGA }
	MY GRANDPARENTS CAME FROM GERMANY, FROM WESTFALEN
	AND HANOVER, MIGRATED TO THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN
	PART OF MINNESOTA TO FIND A BETTER LIFE FOR THEM-
	SELVES. THE LIFE IN EUROPE WAS UNBEARABLE SINCE
	THE LOWER CLASS WAS HELD DOWN WITH NO CHANCE TO
	IMPROVE THEIR STATUS IN LIFE. MANY OTHERS HAD
	ALREADY SETTLED IN NORTH CENTRAL U.S. UNDER THE
	"HOMESTEAD ACT," WHERE A FAMILY COULD CULTIVATE AN
	AREA OF LAND, 160 ACRES OR LESS, WITHOUT COST, LIVE
	ON THE LAND AND CLAIM OWNERSHIP TO IT.
	THESE PEOPLE IN THIS AREA CAME FROM THE SAME GENERAL
	AREA IN EUROPE, SPOKE THE SAME LANGUAGE AND THE SAME
	CULTURAL BACKGROUND TRYING TO IMPROVE THEIR LIFE WITH
	LITTLE MONETARY CAPITAL TO START WITH. THEY DID NOT
	TRAVEL FIRST CLASS. THEY HAD A LITTLE MORE THAN THE
	CLOTHES ON THEIR BACK. ONCE THEY ARRIVED IN MINNESOTA
	THE NEIGHBORS ALL WORKED TOGETHER BUILDING A LOG CABIN
	AND SHARING WHAT THEY HAD.
	INDIANS FREQUENTLY STRAYED THROUGH THE FARM AREA
	LOOKING IN THE WINDOW OF THE LOG CABIN. WILD ANIMALS
	WERE IN EVIDENCE AND WOULD FREQUENTLY ATTACK SMALLER
	FARM ANIMALS. WITH EACH YEAR AS THEY EARNED A LITTLE
	MONEY, THEY IMPROVED THEIR LIVING STANDARDS BY BUILDING
	A BETTER AND OBTAINING MACHINERY TO HELP MAKE A
	LIVING AND LATER ON SOME NEW BUILDINGS WERE ADDED.
	MY MOTHER WAS THE OLDEST OF SEVEN CHILDREN. SHE WAS
	NINE YEARS OLD WHEN MY GRANDPARENTS MIGRATED TO
	AMERICA. MY FATHER WAS BORN IN MINNESOTA THE ONLY
	SURVIVING CHILD, A TWIN. HIS YOUNGER DAYS WERE SPENT
	IN A ONE ROOM LOG CABIN, WHICH LATER BECAME A SEVEN
	ROOM HOUSE WITH BASEMENT AND ATTIC AS TIMES IMPROVED
	ECONOMICALLY FOR THEM.
	TRANSPORTATION WAS BY HORSE AND BUGGY OR ON FOOT.
	THEREFORE, PEOPLE COMMUNICATED ONLY WITH OTHERS LIVING
	WITHIN THE RADIUS OF A FEW MILES. MY MOTHER MARRIED
	MY FATHER AT THE AGE OF 18. BEING NEIGHBORS, IT WAS
	EASY FOR THEM TO BECOME ACQUAINTED.
	THE BEGINNING WAS DIFFICULT, HAVING NO MODERN CONVEN-
	IENCES. THE DAY BEGAN WITH RISING AT 5 A.M. DOING
	CHORES, WHICH CONSISTED OF MILKING ABOUT 30 COWS,
	POURING THE MILK IN 10 GALLON CANS, HAULING THE MILK TO
	THE MILK HOUSE, RUNNING IT THROUGH THE SEPARATOR TO
	SEPARATE THE CREAM FROM THE MILK AND STORING IT IN COLD
	WATER UNTIL THE CREAM WAS HAULED TO THE CREAMERY TO BE
	MADE INTO BUTTER. THE SKIM MILK WAS FED TO THE HOGS
	TOGETHER WITH OTHER CEREALS AND CORN. THEN BREAKFAST
	WAS SERVED. AFTER BREAKFAST THE MEN WOULD FEED THE
	CATTLE, CLEAN THE BARN, DO WHATEVER FIELD WORK WAS
	REQUIRED FOR THE DAY. PLOWING, CULTIVATING, SEEDING,
	MAKING HAY BY CUTTING GRASS AND DRYING IT, OR HARVEST-
	ING. MOTHER WOULD HAVE CLEAN UP WORK, LIKE WASHING THE
	SEPARATOR, FEEDING THE CHICKENS, COLLECTING EGGS, WASHING
	IRONING AND MENDING CLOTHES AND GENERAL CARE OF THE
	HOUSE, FOOD, AND CHILDREN. IT WAS ALSO HER JOB TO SEED
	THE GARDEN AND KEEP IT WEED FREE. CAN ENOUGH FOOD TO
	LAST THROUGH THE WINTER. GENERALLY CARE FOR ALL FOOD
	PREPARATION AND STORAGE.
	BECAUSE OF NECESSITY TO SURVIVE IN REMOTE AREAS, MY
	PARENTS HAD TO BE RESOURCEFUL, GROW THEIR OWN VEGETABLES,
	FRUITS AND GRAINS, RAISE THEIR OWN MEAT AND PROCESS
	IT THE BEST WAY THAT THEY KNEW HOW. MY GRANDPARENTS
	STARTED A LARGE APPLE, PLUM AND CHERRY ORCHARD WHICH
	SERVED OUR FAMILY WELL AND LEFT SOME TO SELL. THE
	APPLES WERE PICKED OFF THE TREES IN THE FALL, WRAPPED
	IN PIECES OF NEWSPAPER AND STORED IN BARRELS OR BOXES
	IN THE BASEMENT TO BE USED IN THE WINTER MONTHS. APPLE
	SLICES WERE DRIED ON STRINGS, APPLE SAUCE, APPLE BUTTER
	AND APPLE CIDER WAS ALSO MADE AND STORED. THE CHILDREN
	WOULD SIT IN THE APPLE ORCHARD ON OCCASION AND SELL
	APPLES TO ROAD WORKERS GOING BY, TWO APPLES FOR 5 CENTS.
	IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ORCHARD, WE ALSO CONTAINED A BEE
	HIVE TO GIVE US A LITTLE HONEY EVERY FALL. AT TIMES,
	DAD WOULD GO LOOK FOR BEE HIVES IN THE WOODED AREAS.
	WHEN HE WOULD FIND ONE, HE WOULD SMOKE THE BEES OUT WITH
	SULPHUR AND BRING SEVERAL GALLONS OF HONEY FOR THE
	FAMILY.
	THE POTATOES WERE PLANTED ON THE FIELDS, DUG WITH PITCH
	FORKS BY HAND, PICKED AND THROWN ON TO A WAGON, HAULED
	INTO THE BASEMENT AND STORED FOR WINTER USE. THE WHEAT
	OATS, AND BARLEY WERE HAULED TO THE LOCAL GRAINERY TO
	BE PROCESSED INTO FLOUR AND CEREALS. HOWEVER, ENOUGH
	GRAINS WERE HELD BACK TO FEED CATTLE AND CHICKENS. MOTHER
	ALWAYS USED GRAHAM OR WHOLE WHEAT FLOUR IN THE BREAD
	FLOUR WHEN BAKING BREAD. ALL FOODS THAT HAD TO BE
	PURCHASED FROM THE LOCAL STORE, WAS PURCHASED IN LARGE
	QUANTITIES IN ORDER TO MAKE IT LESS EXPENSIVE. FLOUR
	BY THE 100 LB. SACK, OATMEAL BY THE 100 LB. SACK, 5
	GALLON CANS OF SYRUP TO BE USED ON BREAD, INSTEAD OF
	BUTTER, BECAUSE BUTTER HAD TO BE SOLD, IT WAS TOO
	EXPENSIVE. BEEF AND HOGS WERE SLAUGHTERED AS THE NEED
	EXISTED TO SUPPLY US WITH FOOD. THIS WAS DONE COOPERA-
	TIVELY WITH OTHER NEIGHBORS IN ORDER TO MAKE IT EASIER.
	VEGETABLES, SUCH AS CARROTS, TURNIPS, BEETS, RUTEBAGAS,
	PUMPKIN MELONS, WERE STORED IN THE BASEMENT. THE ROOT
	VEGETABLES WERE PACKED IN SAND TO KEEP THEM AIRTIGHT.
	ALL TYPES OF BERRIES AND NUTS WERE PICKED IN THE WOODS
	AND CANNED.
	SOMETIMES, WE WOULD HAVE A LITTLE VARIETY AFTER THE BOYS
	RETURNED FROM A HUNTING VENTURE IN THE NEAR WOODED AREA.
	PHEASANT, VENISON, QUAIL, YOUNG PIGEONS, WILD TURKEY,
	GEESE OR DUCK, JACKRABBIT WERE ALL USED AND MADE PART OF
	OUR DIET WHEN AVAILABLE.
	THERE WERE OTHER AREAS WHERE THRIFT AND SELF HELP WAS
	OUR WAY OF LIFE. IN THE WINTER TIME, JANUARY AND
	FEBRUARY, THE MEN WOULD CUT BLOCKS OF ICE, SEVERAL
	FEET SQUARE, FROM THE NEARBY FROZEN LAKES, HAUL
	IT HOME AND PACK IT IN SAWDUST IN OUR SMALL ICEHOUSE,
	TO BE USED DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS. HOWEVER, IT ONLY
	LASTED ABOUT HALF OF THE SUMMER. A BLOCK OF ICE WAS
	PLACED IN AN ICEBOX, WHICH WAS ABOUT THE SIZE OF A SMALL
	REFRIGERATOR, IN THE HOUSE. IT WOULD COOL THE INSIDE
	AND THE MELTED ICE WATER WAS COLLECTED AT THE BOTTOM.
	THE ICEBOX WATER PAN HAD TO BE EMPTIED EVERY FEW HOURS,
	IF YOU WANTED TO AVOID MOPPING UP THE FLOOR.
	DOING THE FAMILY LAUNDRY WAS AN ALL DAY CHORE. THE
	ONLY LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT WAS A LARGE WATER BOILER, WHICH
	WAS PLACED ON TOP OF A COOKSTOVE FILLED WITH RAIN WATER
	AND BROUGHT TO A BOIL. ONE LARGE CAKE OF SOAP 3 X 5
	INCHES WAS SHAVED AND ADDED TO THE WATER. THE SOILED
	CLOTHING WAS RUBBED ON A CORRUGATED WASHBOARD THEN PLACED
	IN THIS WASH BOILER AND BOILED FOR ABOUT 30 MINUTES.
	WHILE IT WAS BOILING, A CLOTHES STOMPER, WHICH LOOKED
	LIKE AN OVERSIZED PLUNGER WITH LONG HANDLE, WAS USED
	TO STOMP THE CLOTHES AND MOVE THE CLOTHES AROUND IN A
	SIMILAR MANNER AS THE MODERN WASHING MACHINE DOES.
	AFTER 30 MINUTES OF THIS ACTIVITY, THE CLOTHES WERE
	PLACED IN TWO RINSE WATERS IN TWO LARGE GALVANIZED TUBS,
	THEN RAN THROUGH A HAND WRINGER AND HUNG ON THE LINE OUT-
	DOORS.
	THE SOFT WATER WHICH WAS USED FOR WASHING CLOTHES WAS
	COLLECTED FROM THE ROOF OF THE HOUSE THROUGH EAVES
	WHICH LED THE WATER INTO A LARGE CISTERN WHICH WAS
	LOCATED UNDER THE KITCHEN FLOOR. AN OLD HAND PUMP
	PLACED OVER AN ALL-PURPOSE KITCHEN SINK WAS USED TO
	PUMP THE WATER OUT OF THE CISTERN.
	THE DRINKING WATER WAS OBTAINED FROM A WELL OUTSIDE
	WHICH ALSO HAD TO BE PUMPED BY HAND. WHEN A BELT WAS
	ATTACHED TO THIS PUMP, {IT} COULD BE MADE TO OPERATE BY
	USING THE WINDMILL. THE WIND WOULD MOVE A LARGE WHEEL,
	WHICH WAS ABOUT 100 FT. IN THE AIR AND THE POWER WOULD
	PUMP THE WATER AUTOMATICALLY, WHICH WAS VERY HANDY FOR
	FILLING A LARGE TANK OF WATER FOR THE CATTLE.
	WHEN GEESE WERE KILLED FOR FOOD, THE FEATHERS WERE USED
	FOR MAKING PILLOWS, ALSO SOME CHICKEN FEATHERS WERE
	USED.
	THE CORN SHUCKS WERE DRIED AND USED IN MAKING
	MATTRESSES FOR THE BEDS.
	WOOL FROM THE SHEEP WAS GATHERED, CLEANED AND CARDED
	AND SPUN ON THE SPINNING WHEEL, THEN USED FOR MAKING
	HOSE, MITTENS AND SWEATHERS, AND SCARFS AND MENDING
	YARN.
	THE NEIGHBORS OFTEN HAD QUILTING PARTIES. A LARGE
	PIECE OF CLOTH WAS STRETCHED ON A FRAME ABOUT THE SIZE
	OF A DOUBLE BED. A LAYER OF CLEAN AND CARDED WOOL WAS
	PLACED ON THIS CLOTH. ANOTHER PIECE OF CLOTH WAS
	PLACED OVER THIS AND THEN THE LADIES WOULD STITCH THE
	LAYERS TOGETHER, WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE A WARM QUILT
	FOR THE BED.
	THE ROOMS IN THE HOUSE WERE KEPT WARM WITH SEVERAL
	STOVES. A LARGE WOODSTOVE IN THE KITCHEN SERVED FOR
	PREPARING MEALS AND KEPT THE KITCHEN WARM. A FURNACE
	IN THE BASEMENT WHICH DIRECTED THE HEAT THROUGH A
	FAIRLY LARGE OPENING, 3 FEET BY 3 FEET IN THE FLOOR OF
	THE DINING ROOM, KEPT THE OTHER AREAS OF THE HOUSE
	FAIRLY WARM. AN AIR VENT IN THE CEILING OF THE DINING
	ROOM WOULD ALLOW SOME HEAT TO GET TO THE UPSTAIRS
	SLEEPING ROOMS. THE LIVING ROOM HAD A POT-BELLIED
	STOVE TO KEEP THE ROOM COSY AND WARM. ASHES WERE OFTEN
	USED TO CLEAN AND SCOUR BURNT KETTLES.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: ILLINOIS ; PEORIA
Keyword(s): America ; BUILDING ; Chores ; Cloth ; Discovery ; Domestic ; Domesticity ; FAMILY ; Farm ; FARMING ; FOOD ; Machinery ; Migration ; Minnesota ; New World ; Quilt ; Survival
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Tale | 
Date learned: 11-01-1971
	THE TURN OF THE CENTURY FOUND A GREAT DEAL OF THE
	PRAIRIE LAND OF THE DAKOTAS OPEN FOR SETTLEMENT
	THROUGH THE HOMESTEAD ACT. THIS ARID LAND WAS FAR
	FROM THE BEST FOR FARMING. MY PARENTS TOOK ADVANTAGE
	OF THIS ONLY TO FIND OUT YOU COULD ONLY EXPECT ONE
	GOOD CROP EVERY SEVEN YEARS. AFTER THREE YEARS OF
	FARMING THE LAND, IT BECAME THEIRS AND THEY SOLD IT
	AND MOVED TO THE SMALL TOWN OF LEMON, S. DAKOTA, WHERE
	I WAS BORN. ONE OF THE FEW MEMORIES I HAVE OF THE
	DAKOTAS ARE THE MANY PRAIRIE FIRES IN THE HOT MONTHS
	OF THE YEAR. THESE FIRES WOULD CREEP ALONG THE GROUND
	AND TAKE EVERYTHING IN ITS WAY. WHEN A FIRE WAS SPOTTED
	EVERY ABLE-BODIED MAN WOULD GO OUT TO FIGHT THE FIRES.
	THESE WERE BLAMED ON THE MANY RUSSIANS WHO LIVED IN THE
	AREA. I DOUBT IF THERE WAS EVEN ANY PROOF OF THE
	RUSSIANS BEING RESPONSIBLE, AS THIS WAS AT A TIME
	WHEN WORLD WAR I WAS GOING ON IN EUROPE AND THE U.S.
	HAD NOT YET BEEN INVOLVED. A MORE LOGICAL REASON, WHICH
	WAS PROVED ON MANY OCCASIONS WAS SPARKS FROM LOCOMO-
	TIVES. ON ONE OCCASION, EVERY BODY HAD TO LEAVE TOWN
	AS THE FIRE WAS ON THREE SIDES OF THE TOWN AND ONLY ONE
	ROAD WAS USABLE AS AN EXIT.
	MOVING FROM DAKOTA TO MINNESOTA WAS LIKE TRAVELING
	FROM ONE WORLD TO ANOTHER, FOR THE CITY LIFE IN MINN-
	ESOTA WAS VERY MODERN. IT WAS EVEN POSSIBLE TO GET ICE
	DELIVERED TO THE HOUSE THREE TIMES A WEEK. THIS WAS
	SUFFICIENT SERVICE TO KEEP THE ICEBOX COLD ALL OF THE
	TIME AND THE VEGETABLE WAGON WITH ITS RINGING BELL
	WAS A WELCOME SIGHT FOR THE HOUSEWIFE, AS IT WAS A
	CHANCE TO BARGAIN FOR FRESH VEGETABLES AND FRUITS
	IN SEASON. AS TIME WENT ON, MODERNIZATION SET IN AND
	THE MILKMAN, ICEMAN AND VEGETABLE MAN CHANGED FROM
	HORSE DRAWN CARTS TO TRUCKS BEFORE THEY EVENTUALLY
	DISAPPEARED ALTOGETHER.
	WITH THE ADVENT OF THE CAR, THE MAIL MAN ON THE ROAD
	NO LONGER HAD THE RIGHT OF WAY AS A MATTER OF RESPECT.
	MY GRANDFATHER ON MY MOTHER'S SIDE NEVER KNEW FOR SURE
	JUST HOW OLD HE WAS OR WHEN HIS BIRTHDAY WAS, SO, WHEN
	HE MARRIED, HE TOOK HIS WIFE'S BIRTHDAY AS HIS. AS
	NEAR AS HE COULD RECALL, HE WAS ABOUT FOUR OR FIVE
	YEARS OF AGE WHEN HIS PARENTS WERE MURDERED FOR THEIR
	MONEY. HE WAS PLACED IN A CHICAGO ORPHANAGE WITH A
	YOUNGER SISTER. HOW MANY YEARS HE SPENT IN THIS
	ORPHANAGE IS NOT EXACTLY KNOWN, BUT IN HIS EARLY DAYS
	HE WORKED ON A RIVERBOAT BETWEEN NEW ORLEANS AND
	MINNEAPOLIS. LATER, HE WAS WORKING AS A FARMHAND
	IN SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA, WHERE HE MET AND MARRIED
	HIS LIFETIME PARTNER. ALL ATTEMPTS TO LOCATE HIS
	SISTER WERE OF NO AVAIL, AS ALL RECORDS WERE LOST IN
	THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE.
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Updated by TRD
Where learned: ILLINOIS ; PEORIA
Keyword(s): America ; CROPS ; Dakota ; FARMING ; Homestead Act ; Migration ; Modernization ; Prairie ; Russian ; Settlement ; Wildfire ; World War I ; WWI
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Tale | 
Date learned: 11-01-1971
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