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ON CHRISTMAS EVE, ITALIANS SERVE FIVE DIFFERENT KINDS OF FISH.
THEY ARE SMELT, SHRIMP, EEL, COD AND SQUID SAUCE OVER SPAGHETTI.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT ; DETROIT ; CAMPUS
Date learned: 02-26-1979
MARRIAGE
WHEN A DAUGHTER MARRIES, THE RELATIVES REMAIN AT THE PLACE OF THE
MARRIAGE FOR A WEEK OR MORE. THE LATE COMERS SLEEP IN THE HAY.
THE FOOD CONSISTS OF BEEF, PORK, AND MUTTON, CHEESES, CRISP DONUTS
WITHOUT THE HOLE, POWDERED OVER WITH SUGAR, CHOPPED MEAT WRAPPED IN A
CABBAGE LEAF CALLED GOLABKI. THIS IS TOPPED OFF WITH LODY- A KIND OF
ICE CREAM WHICH DOES NOT MELT FAST, BUT CONTAINS BITS OF CINNAMON
AND CITRON AND CANDIES.
Submitter comment: THIS CUSTOM IS PRACTICED IN POLAND.
Where learned: DETROIT
Date learned: 04-03-1979
HOLY SATURDAY
ON HOLY SATURDAY THERE IS THE BLESSING OF BASKETS AT CHURCH.
BASKETS ARE FILLED WITH BREAD, HAM, BUTTER, EGGS, SALT, PEPPER, AND
HORSERADISH. EVERYONE THEN HAS A BITE OF THE BLESSED FODD.
Submitter comment:
THIS IS A POPULAR CUSTOM IN POLAND AND IN POLISH COMMUNITIES IN
THE U.S.A.
Where learned: DETROIT
| Subject headings: | 663 Holy Saturday CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Church Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals BELIEF -- Prayer |
Date learned: 04-11-1979
DEATH CUSTOMS
RAISIN PIE WAS ALWAYS SERVED AT FUNERALS BECAUSE IT WAS INEXPENSIVE,
THUS, IT BECAME KNOWN AS FUNERAL PIE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Death Funeral Burial Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals Food Drink -- Pastry Sweet Dessert |
PICKLED HERRING AT MIDNIGHT ON NEW YEARS EVE AND PASS A SOLID SILVER
QUARTER TO YOUR NEIGHBOR WHILE KISSING.
Submitter comment: THIS IS A POLISH CUSTOM PRACTICED BY FRIENDS OF MINE.
Where learned: UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT DORMS
Date learned: 00-00-1979
CHRISTMAS SOUP
THIS SOUP IS MADE EVERY CHRISTMAS EVE BY THE INFORMANT'S MOTHER. IT
IS SERVED BEFORE THE MAIN COURSE OF DINNER ON CHRISTMAS EVE. THE
INGREDIENTS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
SAUERKRAUT, NAVY BEANS, MUSHROOMS, SOUR CREAM, ONIONS, AND
GARLIC (HARD BOILED EGGS ARE OPTIONAL).
THE INFORMANT'S MOTHER MAKES A BIG POT OF THIS SOUP AND USES HER OWN
JUDGEMENT IN MEASURING OUT THE PORTIONS OF EACH INGREDIENT.
Submitter comment:
THIS IS A CZECHOSLOVAKIAN RECIPE THAT HAS BEEN PASSED DOWN TO THE
INFORMANT'S MOTHER FROM HER GREAT, GREAT GRANDMOTHER.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; REDFORD
Date learned: 11-12-1979
KWANZA
KWANZA WAS CREATED BY DR. RON KARENGA FOR BLACK AMERICANS.
IT STARTS DECEMBER 26TH AND ENDS JANUARY 1ST.
BLACK, RED, AND GREEN ARE ITS COLORS. BLACK IS FOR OUR PEOPLE
RED FOR OUR CONTINUING STRUGGLE AND GREEN FOR LAND AND HOPE.
KANZA HAS SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF THE BLACK VALUE SYSTEM, CALLED THE
NGUZO SABA.
1. UMOJA -(UNITY)- TO STRIVE FOR AND MAINTAIN UNITY IN THE FAMILY,
COMMUNITY, NATION AND RACE.
2. KUJUCHAGULIA -(SELF-DETERMINATION)- TO DEFINE
OURSELVES, NAME OURSELVES,
CREATE FOR OURSELVES AND SPEAK
FOR OURSELVES RATHER THAT TO ALLOW OTHERS
TO DO THESE THINGS FOR US.
3. UJIMA -(COLLECTIVE WORK AND RESPONSIBILITY)- TO BUILD AND
MAINTAIN OUR COMMUNITY TOGETHER TO MAKE OUR SISTERS AND BROTHERS
PROBLEMS OUR PROBLEMS AND TO SOLVE THEM TOGETHER.
4. UJAMAA -(COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS)- TO BUILD AND MAINTAIN OUR
OWN STORES,
SHOPS, AND OTHER BUSINESSES AND TO PROFIT FROM THEM TOGETHER.
5. NIA -(PURPOSE)- TO MAKE OUR COLLECTIVE VOCATION THE BUILDING AN
DEVELOPING OF OUR COMMUNITY IN ORDER TO RESTORE OUR PEOPLE TO THEIR
TRADITIONAL GREATNESS.
6. KUUMBA -(CREATIVITY)- TO DO ALWAYS AS MUCH
AS WE CAN IN THE WAY WE
CAN, IN ORDER TO LEAVE OUR COMMUNITY MORE BEAUTIFUL AND BENEFICIAL
THAN WHEN WE INHERITED IT.
7. IMANI -(FAITH)- TO BELIEVE WITH ALL OUR
HEARTS IN OUR PEOPLE, OUR
PARENTS, OUR TEACHERS, OUR LEADERS AND THE
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND VICTORY OF OUR STRUGGLE. MM
CELEBRANTS BRING FOOD AND DRINKS TO SHARE FOR EACH DAY'S FEAST. EAC
CELEBRANT IS GREETED WITH THE WORDS "HABARI GANI" WHICH MEANS WHAT'S
THE NEWS OR WHAT'S HAPPENING. THE RESPONSE IS THAT DAY'S NQUZO SABA
PRINCIPLE.
THE HOUSE IS DECORATED WITH THE COLORS
GREEN, RED, AND BLACK. EVERYONE
GATHERS INTO A SEMICIRCLE. THE TABLE IS SET WITH THE SYMBOLS OF
KWANZA AND EACH PIECE IS EXPLAINED.
A STRAW MAT (MKEKA), THE SYMBOL
FOR OUR HISTORICAL FOUNDATION IN
TADITIONAL AFRICAN CULTURE. A CANDLEHOLDER
(KINARA), THE SYMBOL FOR OUR AFRICAN ANCESTORS. IT HOLDS SEVEN
CANDLES, (MISHUMAA), THREE RED, ONE BLACK, AND THREE GREEN ONES. TH
CANDLES REPRESENT THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES.
(MATUNDA)- TROPICAL FRUIT, VEGETABLES AND NUTS, WHICH REPRESENT THE
YIELD OF TRADITIONAL HARVEST.
EARS OF CORN WHICH REPRESENT THE NUMBER
OF CHILDREN IN THE FAMILY AND UNSHUCKED EARS OF CORN TO REPRESENT
CHILDLESS HOMES TO EXPRESS THE POTENTIAL FOR CHILDREN.
GIFTS, GIVEN ON THE SEVENTH DAY OF KWANZA, ARE MAINLY FOR CHILDREN
AND REPRESENT PARENT'S SATISFACTION
THAT THEIR CHILDREN HAVE ACHIEVED
AND GROWN IN A MANNER THAT GIVES HONOR TO THE FAMILY. THE GIFTS ARE
EXPRESSING THE HISTORY, CULTURE AND COMMITMENT
TO EDUCATION AS A LIBERATING
FORCE. MM
THE ELDERS OF THE FAMILY TAKE SEATS ON EACH SIDE OF THE KWANZA TABLE
SETTING AND THE CEREMONY BEGINS. THE
ELDERS CHARGE YOU TO REMEMBER OUR
ANCESTORS AND TO STRUGGLE FOR A NEW WORLD FOR
OUR CHILDREN. THEY POUR A LIBATION FORM THE UNITY CUP.
A LIBATION IS AN EXPRESSION OF COMMUNICATION AMONG US:
THE LIVING, OUR ANCESTORS AND OUR CHILDREN YET
TO BE BORN.
TO EXPRESS UNITY AS AN IDEAL IN BLACK
COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD,
THE ELDERS DRINK FROM THE UNITY CUP AND PASS IT TO THE
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE CELEBRATION.
EACH PERSON SHOUTS "HARAMBEE" (LET'S PULL TOGETHER),
THEREBY PLEDGING THEMSELVES TO UNITY.
THE CHILDREN LIGHT A CANDLE FOR EACH
DAY OF THE CELEBRATION WHICH HAS
PASSED AND FOR THE PRESENT DAY. EACH
CELEBRANT EXPRESSES THEIR THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS ABOUT THE PRINCIPLE
FOR THE DAY AND HOW IT AFFECTS THEIR LIVES. MM
KWANZA WAS FOUNDED TO CELEBRATE OUR FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES, OUR
WARMTH AND LOVE, OUR INTERDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM STRUGGLE AND OUR
JOY AND STRENGTH. BECAUSE WE ARE AN AFRICAN PEOPLE. DR. KARENGA
LOOKING TO THE MOTHERLAND; BORROWED AN IDEAL; USED CREATIVITY AND
INGENUITY, AND MIXED IT WITH THE BLACK EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA. HE
CREATED MATUNDA YA KWANKA (KISWAHILI),
FOR FIRST FRUIT, THE CELEBRATION
COMMONLY KNOWN AS KWANZA.
KWANZA IS AN EXTENDED FAMILY CELEBRATION AND AN OCCASION FOR
STRENGTHENING FAMILY CONSCIOUSNESS AND SOLIDARITY WHILE SERVING AS A
EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE FOR CHILDREN IN SOCIAL AND SPIRITUAL MATTERS.
MUCH TIME IS SPENT REFLECTING ON THE PAST YEAR, MAKING DECISIONS
ABOUT IMPORTANT MATTERS THAT AFFECT THE FAMILY, WISHING RELATIVES A
PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR AND ENJOYING FOOD, MUSIC AND GAMES.
IN THE U.S. THE FIRST FRUIT CELEBRATION, KWANZA, IS A SYMBOLIC EVENT
DURING THE FESTIVAL BLACK PEOPLE COME
TOGETHER TO CELEBRATE OUR AFRICAN
HERITAGE, TO GIVE THANKS TO OUR ANCESTORS,
TO REAFFIRM THE BELIEF THAT ELDERS SHOULD BE
RESPECTED, TO REINFORCE OUR VALUE FRAMEWORK FOR OUR CHILDREN
AND TO CELEBRATE THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF THE BLACK VALUE SYSTEM,
THE NGUZO SABA.
Submitter comment:
I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO PARTICIPATE IN A CELEBRATION OF KWANZA LAST
YEAR AT A FRIEND'S HOUSE. SHE (MARLA PITTS), HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO
CELEBRATE IT WHILE ON HER VACATION IN 1975.
Where learned: DETROIT
James Callow Keyword(s): SYMBOLS
Date learned: 00-00-1978 ; 00-00-1975
CHRISTMAS
CHRISTMAS HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE BIGGEST HOLIDAY FOR MY FAMILY.
TWO WEEKS BEFORE CHRISTMAS WE PUT UP THE DECORATIONS. OUTSIDE WE PU
COLORED LIGHTS ON THE EVERGREENS. WE PUT PLASTIC TRIMMINGS ON THE
DOORPOSTS. A CHRISTMAS WREATH GOES ON THE FRONT DOOR. INSIDE WE
HANG OUR STOCKINGS ON THE STAIRWAY AND DECORATE THE HANDRAILS WITH
MORE PLASTIC EVERGREEN TRIMMINGS. WE REPLACE THE PICTURE IN THE
FRONT HALLWAY WITH A HANGING SANTA CLAUS, WHEN YOU PULL HIS STRING
THE MUSIC BOX CONTAINED WITHIN PLAYS SILENT NIGHT. I CAN'T RESIST
PULLING THE STRING AT LEAST TWICE A DAY. ABOVE THE FIREPLACE WE
PLACE THREE DOLLS OF ENGLISH MEN SINGING CAROLS AND COLLECTING
DONATIONS, THESE ARE FALLING APART NOW THOUGH. ALSO AROUND THE
FIREPLACE WE HANG LIGHTS WITH PICTURES ENCASING THEM DEPICTING MANGE
SCENES. IN THE LIVING ROOM WE PLACE OUR MODEL OF THE MANGER WITH
LITTLE STATUES OF JESUS IN CRIB, MARY, JOSEPH, THE THREE KINGS
BEARING GIFTS, A SHEPERD BOY, HIS FLOCK OF SHEEP(ABOUT HALF WITH LEG
BROKEN), A COW, A DONKEY, A CAMEL, AND AN ANGEL WITH TRUMPET HANGING
FROM THE TOP OF THE MANGER,(HIS WINGS ARE BROKEN THOUGH). IN THE
LIVING ROOM WE ALSO PUT A SANTA CLAUS DOLL SITTING IN A WICKER SLEIG
FILLED WITH PLASTIC FRUIT.
WE PUT THE CHRISTMAS TREE IN THE FAMILY ROOM. AFTER BRINGING THE
CHRISTMAS TREE HOME YOU HAVE TO WAIT A FEW DAYS FOR IT TO SPREAD OUT
BEFORE DECORATING IT. WHEN DECORATING THE TREE THE FIRST THING WE
PUT ON ARE THE THREE STRINGS OF COLORED LIGHTS. WE CONNECT ONE
BLINKER TO ONE STRING OF LIGHTS AND A SECOND BLINKER TO THE OTHER TW
STRINGS OF LIGHTS SO THE LIGHTS ALTERNATELY BLINK ON AND OFF. NEXT
WE HANG THE MANY BEAUTIFUL BULBS, CAREFUL NOT TO LET THEM FALL.
THEN WE HANG SILVER TINSEL AND CANDY CANES AND THE WHOLE TREE IS
TOPPED OFF BY A STAR. PRESENTS ARE PLACED UNDER THE TREE.
OUR FAMILY IS SPREAD ACROSS THE UNITED STATES BUT ANYONE WHO CAN
COMES HOME FOR CHRISTMAS. ON CHRISTMAS EVE WE HAVE A FIRE IN THE
FIREPLACE AND SOME OF US VISIT RELATIVES AND DELIVER PRESENTS WHILE
OTHERS STAY HOME AND RECEIVE VISITS. AT MIDNIGHT ALL THE ADULTS GO
TO MIDNIGHT MASS, EVEN THOUGH FOR SOME OF MY BROTHERS THIS IS THE
ONLY TIME THEY GO TO MASS ALL YEAR. EVERYONE GETS UP EARLY IN THE
MORNING TO OPEN PRESENTS. THE DAY IS SPENT WATCHING CHRISTMAS MOVIE
AND FOOTBALL GAMES ON TV, RECEIVING TELEPHONE CALLS FROM OUT-OF-STAT
RELATIVES AND FAMILY THAT COULD NOT COME HOME, AND WAITING FOR
DINNER.
FOR CHRISTMAS DINNER WE HAVE A BIG TURKEY. WE ALSO HAVE A WHOLE
BUNCH OF STUFFING, MASHED POTATOES, CRANBERRY SAUCE, GRAVY, GREEN
BEANS OR PEAS, AND OCCASIONALLY A HAM TOO IF THE TURKEY IS NOT BIG
ENOUGH. FOR DESSERT THERE IS PLUM PUDDING WITH HARD SAUCE, FRUIT
CAKE, AND ICE CREAM. THIS IS THE ONLY TIME ALL YEAR THAT WE HAVE
PLUM PUDDING EVEN THOUGH IT IS MY FAVORITE DESSERT.
WE KEEP THE CHRISTMAS TREE UP UNTIL IT GETS TOO DRY AND BECOMES A
FIRE HAZARD, BUT THE OTHER DECORATIONS AREN'T PUT AWAY TILL ALMOST
FEBRUARY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; BLOOMFIELD HILLS
Date learned: 11-23-1979
FOOD SERVED ON NEW YEAR'S DAY
IF YOU EAT PEAS ON NEW YEAR'S DAY, YOU WILL BE FINANCIALLY
STABLE THROUGHOUT THE NEW YEAR.
Where learned: DETROIT
Date learned: 01-00-1968
LITHUANIAN-AMERICAN CHRISTMAS EVE MEAL
ON CHRISTMAS EVE, THE TRADITIONAL EVENING MEAL CONSISTED OF
CHRISTMAS WAFERS, SAUERKRAUT SOUP, PORRIDGE, FISH, PEAS, BREAD,
AND BUTTER.
Where learned: WEST VIRGINIA ; MINDEN
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- December 24 Christmas Eve Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals |
SUPERSTITION
IT WAS TOLD BY MY GREAT AUNT THAT IF ONE DID NOT PUT OUT MILK AND
COOKIES FOR ST. ANNE ON HER BIRTHDAY, ONE WOULD SUFFER BAD LUCK AND
FATAL ILLNESS FOR FIVE YEARS.
Where learned: HAMTRAMCK
Date learned: 00-00-1979
SUPERSTITION
IT WAS TOLD BY MY GREAT AUNT THAT IF ONE DID NOT PUT
OU ON THE KITCHEN TABLE MILK AND
COOKIES FOR ST. JOACHIM, ONE WOULD SUFFER BAD LUCK AND FATAL ILLNESS
FOR TEN YEARS.
Where learned: DETROIT
Date learned: 00-00-1979
TRADITION
A NEW BORN MALAYSIAN WILL RECEIVE RED EGGS AND SMALL GOLD
NECKLACES DURING ITS BIRTHDAY DINNER CELEBRATION FOR GOOD LUCK.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT ; DETROIT ; CAMPUS
Date learned: 04-00-1979
FOOD FOR A GOOD NEW YEAR
EATING BLACKEYED PEAS WILL BRING YOU GOOD LUCK
Submitter comment: YOU SHOULD EAT THEM ON NEW YEAR'S DAY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Date learned: 10-00-1979
NEW YEAR'S EVE CUSTOMS
IN MEXICO, IT IS CUSTOMARY TO INCLUDE CIDRA, OR FERMENTED CIDER
AS THE DRINK AT THE MEAL.
Where learned: MEXICO ; CIUDAD VALLES
ODD NUMBERS
IT IS BAD LUCK TO SET AN ODD NUMBER OF PLACES AT THE TABLE. SET AN
EXTRA TO SUPPLEMENT THE ODD NUMBER.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SAINT CLAIR SHORES
| Subject headings: | Favorites Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals BELIEF -- Number Odd number (not specific) |
Date learned: 00001930S ; 02-16-1980
FOOD
"OPLATEK", IS A WAFER THE POLISH SHARE AT CHRISTMAS EVE SUPPER.
THEY EACH GET A PIECE WHICH THEY BREAK BETWEEN THEMSELVES, WHILE
WISHING EACH OTHER WELL.
Submitter comment: CHRISTMAS EVE DINNER IS CALLED "WIGILIA".
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SAINT CLAIR SHORES
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- December 24 Christmas Eve Oplatki Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals BELIEF -- Prayer |
Date learned: 00001920S ; 02-16-1980
CHRISTMAS EVE DINNER
THE POLISH CHRISTMAS EVE DINNER CONSITS OF FISH, EGGS, SOUP, RICE,
HERRINGS, SOURCROUT, DUMPLINGS, AND DRIED FRUITS. THE RICH WERE
FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO HAVE SEAFOODS.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SAINT CLAIR SHORES
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- December 24 Christmas Eve Menus Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals |
Date learned: 00001920S ; 02-16-1980
CHRISTMAS DAY DINNER
THE POLISH CHRISTMAS DAY DINNER HAD CHICKEN, GOOSE, HAM, KIELBASA,
AND SOUPS.
Submitter comment: NOTICE ALL THE MEATS.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SAINT CLAIR SHORES
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- December 24 Christmas Eve Menus Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals |
Date learned: 00001920S ; 02-16-1980
POLISH CHRISTMAS TRADITION
THE CHRISTMAS EVE MEAL CONSISTS OF SEVEN TO TWELVE COURSES.
BORSCH IS SERVED AS THE SOUP. BAKED AND STUFFED PIKE IS THE
MAIN DISH; HOWEVER, ANY FISH MAY BE SUBSTITUTED. A POPPY
SEED ROLL COVERED WITH RUM FROSTING IS DESERT.
Submitter comment:
IT APPEARS THAT THE POLISH-AMERICAN'S CHRISTMAS EVE MEAL HAS
BECOME AMERICANIZED. PIKE HAS BEEN PUSHED OFF THE MENU BY TURKEY.
AND POPPY SEED ROLLS HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY PUMPKIN PIES OR OTHER
STANDARD AMERICAN FOODS.
Where learned: DETROIT
James Callow Keyword(s): LOCALIZATION
Date learned: CA00001890S ; 01-13-1980