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GREEN GROWS
DURING THE TEXAS-MEXICAN WAR AT MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, AMERICAN
SOLDIERS SANG "GREEN GROWS THE LAUREL":
GREEN GROWS THE LARUEL, ALL SPARKLING WITH DEW,
I'M LONELY, MY DARLING, SINCE PARTING FROM YOU.
BUT BY THE NEXT MEETING I HOPE TO PROVE TRUE,
AND CHANGE THE GREEN LAUREL FOR THE RED, WHITE AND BLUE.
THE MEXICANS, SEIZING UPON THE FIRST WORDS OF THE SONG, CALLED
THE AMERICANS "GRINGOES," A NAME WHICH HAS STUCK TO AMERICANS
SOUTH OF THE BORDER TO THIS DAY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | PROSE NARRATIVE -- Explanation of a name CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F535 SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
"WALTZING MATILDA"
THE SONG "WALTZING MATILDA" IS ABOUT A WANDERER CARRYING HIS SACK ON
A STICK OVER HIS BACK. HE AFFECTIONALLY REFERS TO IT AS "MATILDA"
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; ROSEVILLE
| Subject headings: | Ballad Song Dance Game Music Verse -- Ballad, Song, Verse SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 11-00-1974
UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC EASTER CUSTOMS
EASTER OR VELYKDEN OCCUPIES THE CENTRAL POINT IN THE LITURGICAL
YEAR. ON EASTER SUNDAY THERE IS A PROCESSION AROUND THE CHURCH IN
THE EARLY MORNING. IT COMMEMORATES THE PROCESSION OF THE MYRRH
BEARING WOMEN, TO THE TOMB OF JESUS. EASTER BREAD OR "PASKA"
IS BLESSED AND EATEN, IT REPRESENTS CHRIST. EASTER EGGS OR "PYSANKY"
ARE DELICATELY AND INTRICATELY HAND PAINTED. THE ORIGIN OF THE
CUSTOM TO PAGAN UKRAINE HAD PAINTED EGG REPRESENTING THE RESURRECTION
TO A NEW LIFE OF NATURE IN THE SPRING. PYSANKY ARE EXCHANGED
THROUGHOUT THE THREE DAYS OF THE EASTER HOLIDAY, SUNDAY, MONDAY,
AND TUESDAY, WITH THE FAMILIAR GREETINGS "KHRYSTOS VOSKRES" TO
WHICH THE RECIPIENT REPLIES "VOISTYNU VOSKRES". THIS MEANS "CHRIST
IS RISEN" AND "HE IS RISEN INDEED". THE WHOLE WEEK AFTER EASTER IS
"ZAHALNYTSIA" OR COMPACT WEEK. MEAT WAS ORIGINALLY ALLOWED TO BE
EATEN.
Submitter comment: THIS CELEBRATION HAS CHANGED VERY LITTLE OVER THE YEARS.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Date learned: 02-00-1974
UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHRISTMAS CUSTOMS
ON CHRISTMAS EVE "A HOLY SUPPER" IS SERVED WHEN THE FIRST EVENING
STAR APPEARS IN THE SKY. THE SUPPER CONSISTS OF NON-MEAT
FOODS, FOR THE DAY OF CHRISTMAS EVE IS DEVOTED TO PRAYER, FASTING
AND STRICT ABSTINENCE. THE FLOOR IS COVERED WITH STRAW AND THE
TABLE WITH HAY, A REMEMBRANCE THAT JESUS WAS BORN IN A STABLE
AND LAID IN A MANGER. A WHITE TABLE CLOTH IS SPREAD OVER
THE TABLE. ON THE CENTER OF THE TABLE A LARGE LIGHTED CANDLE
REPRESENTS THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM. FOR SUPPER THERE ARE TWELVE
PLATES. IT BEGINS WITH A PRAYER. THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY
DISTRIBUTES "PHOSPHORA", LITTLE PIECES OF BREAD WITH HONEY.
SUPPER CONSISTS OF ITEMS SUCH AS KUTIA, BOILED WHEAT AND HONEY,
BORSCH, BEET SOUP, HOLUBUTSI, CABBAGE ROLLS, PYRAHY, BOILED
ROLLS FILLED WITH MASHED POTATOES, CABBAGE AND CHEESE, AND FISH.
EACH A REMEMBRANCE OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES.
A SHEAF OF RYE IN THE CORNER OF THE ROOM IS A SYMBOL OF THE FERTILITY
OF THE UKRAINIAN SOIL. DURING SUPPER CAROLS ARE SUNG. GROUPS OF
CAROLERS VISIT THE HOME AND CAROL "KOLIADA" DURING THE EVENING.
A GROTTO IS CARRIED WITH THE SHEPHERDS AND MANGER AND ALSO THE
CAROLERS CARRY SIX OR EIGHT POINTED STARS WITH TWO SURFACES AND
A CANDLE IS PLACED BETWEEN THEM. THE CAROLERS REPRESENT THE
SHEPHERDS AND ANGELS, CAROLING IS POPULAR TO GLORIFY JESUS
AND MARY AND INSTILL RELIGIOUS TRUTHS TO THE PEOPLE. CAROLS
ORIGINATED IN THE 17 CENTURY. THE OLDEST IS "BOH PREDVICHNEY", THAT
IS "ETERNAL GOD IS BORN". THE CAROLS ARE IN TWO GROUPS, "KOLIADY"
AND "SCHEDRIVKY". THE FIRST GROUP IS RELIGIOUS AND THE SECOND
EXPRESSES GREETINGS PEOPLE GREET ONE ANOTHER WITH. AN EXAMPLE
IS "KHRYSTOS RAGHDAYETSIA" OR CHRIST IS BORN, THE ANSWER
"SLAVYTE YEHA" OR PRAISE HIM.
Submitter comment:
THESE ARE VERY INVOLVED AND SYMBOLIC CUSTOMS FOR CHRISTMAS.
THEY ARE PRACTICED HERE AND IN THE UKRAINE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Date learned: 02-00-1974
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ETHNIC JOKE
Historical record from James Callow Folklore Archive.
POLISH PEOPLE SEND THEIR KIDS TO SCHOOL TO LEARN WHERE TO PUT
TREES. THEY GO BETWEEN TWOS AND FOURS.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
James Callow Keyword(s): ETHNIC PRONUNCIATION
| Subject headings: | BELIEF -- Poli SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 10-00-1973
GANG TALK
"MY MOTHER EXPLAINED TO ME A LITTLE OF THE LANGUAGE MY DAD USED TO
USE WITH HIS BUDDIES WHEN THEY WERE SMALL. APPARENTLY IT WAS A TYPE
OF PIG LATIN IN WHICH 1. THE FIRST LETTER WAS DROPPED. 2. THE REST
OF THE WORD WAS SPOKEN, THEN 3. THE FIRST LETTER WITH A LONG "A" WAS
ADDED TO THE END. THEY WOULD CHANGE EVERY WORD IN THE CONVERSATION
IN THIS MANNER, AND WOULD TALK FAST TO CONFUSE THE 'UNEDUCATED '
LISTENER."
Where learned: DETROIT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 11-15-1972
A CUSTOM AT POLISH WEDDING RECEPTIONS IS FOR THE DINNER GUESTS TO BANG
ON THEIR PLATES WITH THEIR EATING UTENSILS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE RACKET LIKE SOUNDS.
THIS IS DONE AS A NON SERIOUS COMPLAINT THAT THE FOOD IS SOUR. THE NOISE MAKING
OCCURS MANY TIMES THROUGHOUT THE EATING PERIOD AND CONTINUES UNTIL THE BRIDE AND GROOM
EMBRACE AND KISS. UPON THIS TAKING PLACE THE GUESTS DISCONTINUE THEIR DISTURBANCE AND
SAY THE WORD "SMACZNE" (MEANING DELICIOUS). THE SHOW OF AFFECTION BETWEEN THE NEWLYWEDS
IS SUPPOSE TO SWEETEN THE FOOD AND ACCORDINGLY PLACATE THE GUESTS.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
James Callow Keyword(s): CONTRAST
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Marriage Glassware tapping Food Drink -- Food BELIEF -- Measure of time WeekDayHour SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 10-00-1975
"BAR TIME" IS THE TIME ON CLOCKS IN BARS AND LOUNGES. IT IS ALWAYS
FAST, USUALLY TEN OR FIFTEEN MINUTES SO. THIS IS TO PROVIDE
INSURANCE THAT THE BARTENDER DOES NOT SERVE ANY DRINKS AFTER THE
TIME SPECIFIED BY THE LIQUOR LAWS OF THE LOCALE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT ; PAT SULLIVANS TAVERN
James Callow Keyword(s): ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Entertainment Diversion CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Common law BELIEF -- Measure of time WeekDayHour SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 10-00-1975
WE LEARNED A LITTLE SALISH INDIAN. FOR EXAMPLE, "EEK-SPOSH-
EEMEENUM LU-WEL SHEL-WEL SHEKEL ALAZHUKLI" TRANSLATED TO: WE
ADORE THEE, O CHRIST, AND WE BLESS THEE, FOR BY THY HOLY CROSS
THOU HAST REDEEMED THE WORLD. AND "TA" MEANT NO.
Submitter comment:
THE INFORMANT LEARNED THE LANGUAGE TOTALLY BY EAR, UNWRITTEN,
SHE WAS LIVING ON THE FLATEAD RESERVATION IN WESTERN MONTANA.
Where learned: MISSOURI ; SAINT JOSEPH
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Group of Vowels and Consonants, and of Words SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group SPEECH -- Formula |
Date learned: 10-05-1976
Saying
My momma didn't have no fool.
Data entry tech comment:
Informant and collector are the same person.
Where learned: TENNESSEE ; NASHVILLE ; 812 Shelby Ave.
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
COMMON WORD
BOMB
Submitter comment: IT MEANS SOMETHING IS GOOD OR GREAT
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SOUTHFIELD
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 07-00-1978
VOCABULARY OF STUDENTS
MICKEY MOUSE COURSE
Submitter comment: AN EASY CLASS TO GET AN A GRADE
Where learned: DETROIT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 00-00-1975
VOCABULARY OF STUDENTS
CAKE COURSE
Submitter comment: ANOTHER NAME FOR A COURSE THAT IS EASY TO GET AN A GRADE
Where learned: DETROIT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 00-00-1975
THE PARKING LOT BESIDE RENO AND SHIPLE HALLS ON THE
UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT, (DETROIT, MICHIGAN), CAMPUS
IS KNOWN UNOFFICIALLY AS "SIBERIA," WHILE THE LOT
BEHIND THE STADIUM ON FAIRFIELD AVENUE IS CALLED
"OUTER MONGOLIA." (THIS HAS SINCE BEEN TORN DOWN).
IN MOST CASES, SUCH NICKNAMES ARE KNOWN TO A CERTAIN
GROUP, SUCH AS THE ENGINEERS, THE GREEKS, THE DORM
STUDENTS, ETC. HOWEVER, I HEARD THESE NAMES (FROM A
NOW-FORGOTTEN SOURCE) AS A U-D FRESHMAN AND HAVE SINCE
FOUND THEM TO BE UNUSUALLY WIDE-SPREAD AMONG NEARLY
ALL THE STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group SPEECH -- Place |
MISSOURI AND MICHIGAN SLANG
WILL DO IT TRICKLY .... WILL DO IT DIRECTLY
FUR PIECE DOWN THE ROAD
DON'T THAT TAKE THE RAG OFF THE BUSH.
THE ABOVE ARE MISSOURI SLANG. THE FOLLOWING ARE MICHIGAN SLANG.
SEMI, AS IN SEMI-TRUCK, IS USED IN MICHIGAN ONLY. PER MS. BOW.
COUPLE - THREE IS USED ONLY IN MICHIGAN., COUPLE OR 3 DAYS.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group SPEECH -- Formula |
Date learned: 04-02-1982
SYNTAX CHANGE
THE YARD SURROUNDING THE HOME WAS CALLED A DOOR-YARD RATHER THAN A
FRONT OR BACK YARD.
Submitter comment: ITEM WAS LEARNED IN NOVA SCOTIA ALTHOUGH COLLECTED IN DETROIT.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT ; BOTSFORD GRADE SCHOOL ; CLARENCEVILLE DISTRICT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Common Word SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 11-00-1982
MILITARY EXCLAMATION
AMONG MILITARY PARACHUTISTS, IT IS SAID THAT "GERONIMO"
BECAME A TRADITIONAL SHOUTED EXCLAMATION DURING THE EARLY
YEARS OF AIRBORNE TRAINING. IN 1940, THE SAFETY OF
PARACHUTING, AS WELL AS THE SANITY OF THOSE PARTICIPATING,
WAS IN DOUBT. AN UNKNOWN YOUNG VOLUNTEER IS SAID TO HAVE
SHOUTED "GERONIMO" UPON JUMPING FROM AN AIRCRAFT, IN ORDER
TO PROVE TO HIMSELF, AND ANYONE WHO WOULD BELIEVE HIM,
THAT ONE COULD JUMP FROM AN AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT AND NOT
BE INSANE. THE ASSUMPTION WAS THAT IF ONE COULD RECALL
A NON-SEQUITUR SUCH AS "GERONIMO", ONE'S REASONING
CAPABILITIES MUST BE INTACT. HOWEVER, NO ONE HAS EXPLAINED
WHY A MAN, WHO HAS JUST SHOUTED "GERONIMO" IN MID-AIR,
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED SANE.
Submitter comment:
THERE WERE ONLY 48 MEN IN THE FIRST AIRBORNE CLASS IN 1940.
THREE 250-FOOT TOWERS, FROM WHICH PARACHUTISTS COULD BE
DROPPED, AND WHICH HAD FORMERLY BEEN USED AT THE NEW YORK
WORLD'S FAIR, WERE PURCHASED AND ASSEMBLED AT FORT BENNING,
GEORGIA AS TRAINING AIDS. THE VOLUNTEER RATE BECAME VERY
HIGH AFTER THE INITIAL SUCCESSFUL JUMPS. IN FACT, MORE THAN
1000 MEN WERE WILLING TO ACCEPT A DEMOTION IN RANK IN ORDER
TO BECOME MEMBERS OF THIS NEW KIND OF UNIT.
Where learned: GEORGIA ; FORT BENNING
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Folk etymology SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group SPEECH -- Formula |
Date learned: 08-00-1981
JAZZ SLANG
AXE- ANY MUSICAL INSTRUMENT. MM
BLOWING SESSION- A RECORDING DATE OR A "JAM" SESSION AT
WHICH THE MUSICIANS PLAY WITHOUT THE BENEFIT OF WRITTEN
MUSICAL ARRANGEMENTS. USUALLY, THE SESSION WILL PROCEED
WITH A COMMONLY KNOWN STANDARD COMPOSITION AS A HEAD OR
LEAD-IN TO THE IMPROVISATORY SEQUENCE. MM
BLOWING SNAKES- EXTREMELY CAPTIVATING PLAYING, I.E., PLAYING
THAT IS MESMERIZING ENOUGH TO CHARM A SNAKE. MM
BOMB- AN UNEXPECTED ACCENT. MUSICALLY, A SUDDEN RHYTHMIC
ACCENTUATION ON THE BASS DRUM. MORE GENERALLY, THE TERM
REFERS TO ANY UNEXPECTED SITUATION AS IN SOMEONE "DROPPING
A BOMB" ON YOU. MM
BRIDGE- THE IMPROVISED OR "B" SECTION OF A COMPOSITION.
THUS, IF A 32-BAR SONG IS STRUCTURED AABA, THE NEXT-TO-LAST
8 BARS ARE THE IMPROVISED "BRIDGE" LEADING BACK TO THE
COMPOSED MELODY LINE (ALSO KNOWN AS THE "CHANNEL"). MM
CHANGES- AS IN "PLAYING THE CHANGES." THE TERM REFERS TO A
FORM OF IMPROVISATION, ESPECIALLY PREDOMINANT IN THE BEBOP
STYLE, IN WHICH THE PLAYER IGNORES THE ORIGINAL MELODY LINE
OF AN ESTABLISHED COMPOSITION ("EMBRACEABLE YOU") AND
IMPROVISES UPON ITS HARMONIC STRUCTURE. IN THIS MANNER
THE MUSICIAN NEED KNOW ONLY THE CHORD STRUCTURE OF A GIVEN
COMPOSITION IN ORDER TO IMPROVISE A NEW MELODY. THUS
CHANGES=CHORD CHANGES. FURTHER, IN A NON-MUSICAL SENSE,
"THIS GUY MAKES THE RIGHT CHANGES" MEANS THAT ONE ACTS IN
THE PROPER MANNER. MM
CHOPS- THE FACILITY OF A MUSICIAN TO PLAY A MUSICAL
INSTRUMENT. THE USAGE IS NOT LIMITED TO INSTRUMENTS
INVOLVING THE MOUTH. THUS A PIANO PLAYER MAY BE SAID TO
HAVE GOOD "GOOD CHOPS." MM
DRUG- TO BE DEPRESSED, ANGRY, OR DISGUSTED. "I AM DRUG"
MEANS THAT ONE IS NOT HAPPY WITH THE CURRENT SITUATION. MM
EYES- "I AM INTERESTED IN," AS IN "I'VE GOT EYES FOR THAT."
THOUGH THE USUAL REFERENCE IS TO INTEREST IN A MUSICAL
DEVELOPMENT, IT MAY BE USED TO INDICATE INTEREST IN
ANYTHING. THE EXPRESSION IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN COINED BY
TENOR SAXOPHONIST LESTER YOUNG (1909-1959). MM
PULL YOUR COAT- TO GET SOMEONE'S ATTENTION, AS IN PULLING
A COATTAIL. THE USUAL REFERENCE IS TO MAKING SOMEONE
AWARE OF A NEW DEVELOPMENT ("HE PULLED MY COAT TO ...). MM
STRETCHING OUT- PLAYING CHORUS AFTER CHORUS OF
IMPROVISATION. THE TERM CARRIES WITH IT THE INFERENCE THAT
THE SESSION IS RELAXED AND SPONTANEOUS SO THAT
IMPROVISATION PERSISTS AS LONG AS THE SPIRIT DICTATES. MM
TRADING FOURS (TRADING EIGHTS, TRADING TWOS)- A SERIES OF
SOLOS FREQUENTLY TAKEN BY TWO HORNS OR BY HORN AND DRUMS
DURING WHICH ONE MUSICIAN PLAYS FOUR BARS AND IS
ANSWERED BY HIS COUNTERPART WITH FOUR BARS. THE PROCESS IS
REPEATED WITH EACH PLAYER TRYING TO OUTDO THE OTHER.
FRIENDLY COMPETITION USUALLY DEVELOPS AMONG THE MUSICIANS
MAKING FOR EXCITING AND HEATED IMPROVISATION. MM
WAX- AS A NOUN, WAX REFERS TO THE PHYSICAL VINYL RECORD
DISC. AS A VERB, "TO WAX" MEANS TO PLAY ONE'S INSTRUMENT.
THEREFORE, "HE WAXED NOSTALGIC" MEANS THAT THE MUSICIAN HAS
PLAYED HIS INSTRUMENT IN A NOSTALGIC MANNER. IN NON-
MUSICAL SITUATIONS, WAX MAY BE USED TO DESCRIBE THE ACT
OF CONVERSING OR DISCUSSING. MM
WIG- A VERB MEANING TO BECOME FRANTIC OR EXCITED. "HE
WIGGED" WOULD INDICATE UNCONTROLLABLY EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR.
Submitter comment:
IN THE EARLY 1960'S, EVERY TWO WEEKS I HAD MY HAIR CUT
AT A CONVERTED GARAGE IN RIVER ROUGE, MICHIGAN. THE
"BARBERS" CUT HAIR BY DAY AND PLAYED JAZZ BY NIGHT. IF A
CUSTOMER, WHILE WAITING FOR A HAIRCUT, DESIRED READING
MATERIAL, PAST ISSUES OF "DOWNBEAT" MAGAZINE, AND LITTLE
ELSE, WERE AVAILABLE IN ABUNDANCE. MUSICIANS' JARGON
FLOURISHED, AND MY EARLIEST KNOWLEDGE OF A JAZZ TRADITION
CAME FROM THESE MEN. THEIR CONVERSATION REQUIRED
TRANSLATION, AND I WAS A REGULAR CUSTOMER LONG BEFORE I
UNDERSTOOD MORE THAN HALF OF ANY ONE OF THEIR DISCUSSIONS.
THEY WERE MUSICIANS WHO CUT HAIR IN ORDER TO EAT. THEIR
GREAT FEAR WAS THAT CREEPING COMMERCIAL INTERESTS OF THE
TIME WOULD LEAVE NO ROOM FOR JAZZ. ANYONE DESIRING AN
EDUCATION ABOUT AMERICA'S "INDIGENOUS ART FORM" NEED ONLY
SIT IN AND PAY ATTENTION.
WHEN JAZZ MADE ITS RADICAL POST WORLD WAR II SHIFT
FROM DANCE MUSIC (SWING) TO LISTENING MUSIC (BEBOP), IT
REFLECTED THE DESIRE OF THE MUSICIANS INVOLVED TO BE NOT
ENTERTAINERS, BUT ARTISTS. BLACK MUSICIANS ESPECIALLY
FELT RESENTFUL THAT VISIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS HAD BEEN COPIED
AND MADE COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL BY WHITE ARTISTS, WHILE
BLACK ARTISTS LANGUISHED. THE NEW MUSIC, DUBBED BEBOP,
BROUGHT WITH IT A NEW LANGUAGE. LIKE THE MUSIC, IT WAS
OFTEN OBLIQUE, BUT IT INTENDED (ECCENTRICITY NOTWITHSTANDING)
TO INVENT A MANNER OF SPEAKING THAT COULD NOT BE EASILY
COPIED. IT WAS CONSCIOUSLY ELITIST, BUT IT CREATED A
SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION THAT LEFT PRETENDERS OUTSIDE
AND KEPT THE MUSIC ARTISTICALLY PURE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Morphology SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 00001960S
THERE ONCE WAS A STORE OWNER, WHO WAS ASKED BY AN
ITALIAN IMMIGRANT IF HE HAD A "WATER GO THROUGH,
SPAGHETTI STOP. AFTER MUCH EXPLAINING THE STORE
OWNER REALIZED WHAT THE MAN WANTED WAS A STRAINER
FOR NOODLES.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 11-00-1983
IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN THE TOURISTS ARE REFERRED TO AS "FUDGIES"
BECAUSE THEY BUY SO MUCH FUDGE AND THERE ARE SO MANY FUDGE
SHOPS TO ACCOMMODATE THEM. LATELY THE TOURISTS HAVE ALSO
BEEN CALLED "WAFFLIES" BECAUSE THEY'RE STARTING TO BUY MORE
WAFFLE CONES THAN FUDGE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; CHARLEVOIX
| Subject headings: | SPEECH -- Common Word SPEECH -- Vocabulary of Special Group |
Date learned: 00-00-1976