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CHRISTMAS CUSTOM
AFTER CHRISTMAS THE BOYS WOULD VISIT HOMES DRESSED AS A DEVIL
CARRYING A PITCHFORK AND SHEPHERDS WITH A STAR. THEY WOULD SING A
FEW CHRISTMAS CAROLS AND PUT ON A SHORT FUNNY PLAY. THE PLAY
USUALLY INVOLVED THE SHEPHERDS AND DEVIL FIGHTING EACH OTHER.
Submitter comment: THIS WAS DONE IN POLAND FROM CHRISTMAS DAY UNTIL NEW YEAR'S DAY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; POLAND ; Sterling Heights ; GOWARCZOW
Date learned: 11-00-1973
LIVE CRIB
EVERY CHRISTMAS SEASON SINCE ABOUT 1965, MEMBERS OF ST. PAUL'S
CHURCH IN MASSILLON, OHIO RE-ENACT THE FIRST CHRISTMAS. FOR ONE WEEK
BEFORE THE FEAST, AND LASTING THREE TO FOUR NIGHTS, THE ROLES OF
MARY, JOSEPH, AND THE SHEPHERDS ARE PORTRAYED BY CHURCH MEMBERS, WHO
DRESS IN THE COSTUME OF THE PERIOD, MADE BY WOMEN VOLUNTEERS
BELONGING TO THE CHURCH.
THE SETTING IS MOST REALISTIC. A STABLE, BUILT BY THE MEN OF THE
PARISH, IS ERECTED OUTSIDE ON THE CHURCH GROUNDS. A STRAW-FILLED
MANGER IS INSIDE, CONTAINING A BABY-DOLL WHO REPRESENTS JESUS.
(PEOPLE SAY THAT A LIVE CHILD IS NOT USED BECAUSE OF THE COLD WEATHER
OF DECEMBER NIGHTS.) ANIMALS, USUALLY A COW AND SOME SHEEP AND PIGS,
ARE LENT BY MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH LIVING ON FARMS, AND STAY IN THE
STABLE DAY AND NIGHT DURING THE PERIOD IN WHICH THE PLAYS ARE
PERFORMED.
NO ADMISSION IS CHARGED, AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC USUALLY STOPS BY
AND VIEWS IT. FOR MANY PEOPLE OF MASSILLON OF ALL FAITHS, GOING TO
SEE THE LIVE CRIB HAS BECOME AS MUCH A TRADITION AS THE PERFORMANCE.
Submitter comment:
SINCE 1970, ANOTHER LOCAL CHURCH, THE FAITH MEMORIAL BAPTIST OF
REEDURBAN (ABOUT FIVE MILES AWAY FROM ST. PAUL'S), HAS PUT ON A
SIMILAR PRODUCTION
WITH STABLE, CLOTHES, ANIMALS, ETC., EXCEPT THAT THEY
HAVE THE CHARACTERS ACTING OUT A PLAY USING THE BIBLE STORY OF THE
NATIVITY AS A SCRIPT, WHEREAS ST. PAUL'S HAS NO ORAL PRESENTATION.
FAITH MEMORIAL DRAWS EVEN BIGGER CROWDS THAN THE ST. PAUL CRIB,
POSSIBLY BECAUSE OF ITS LOCATION--ON THE MAIN ROAD ONE BLOCK AWAY
FROM A BIG SHOPPING MALL.
Where learned: OHIO ; MASSILLON
James Callow Keyword(s): ANIMAL
Date learned: 10-00-1973
AT CHRISTMAS TIME A MANGER SCENE IS SET UP. THE INFANT, HOWEVER, IS NOT
PLACED IN THE CRIB UNTIL CHRISTMAS MORNING AND THE THREE WISE MEN ARE NOT PLACED WITH THE SCENE UNTIL
"THREE KING'S DAY" (JANUARY 6).
Data entry tech comment:
Informant and collector are the same person.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Date learned: 10-07-1972
( HOLY WEEK CUSTOMS )
SOME OF THE OLD WORLD CUSTOMS THAT ARE CELEBRATED BY
POLISH-AMERICANS, AND ARE A BIG PART OF OUR HERITAGE STEM FROM
OUR CATHOLIC FAITH. THE BIGGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT IS EASTER.
AT THE CONCLUSION OF HOLY THURSDAY SERVICES OUR ALTAR IS
STRIPPED OF ITS VESTMENTS AND IS LEFT BARE. THE TABERNACLE
IS LEFT OPEN AND THE SACREMENT REMOVED. AT THE SIDE ALTAR THE
SEPULCHRE IS PREPARED. AT 3:00 ON GOOD FRIDAY THE FIGURE OF
CHRIST WILL BE LYING IN THE TOMB. ON GOOD FRIDAY ( , )
BEGINNING AT 12:00 NOON ( , ) THE CHURCH IS FILLED TO CAPACITY
WITH WORSHIPPERS COMMENORATING ( COMMEMORATING ) CHRIST'S
CRUCIFIXION. THE CROSS IS CARRIED THROUGH THE AISLES COVERING
CHRIST'S FOOTSTEPS ON THE WAY TO CALVARY. AT 3:00, THE PRIEST
LEADS THE PROCESSION TO THE SEPULCHRE AND THE FIGURE OF CHRIST IS
UNCOVERED.
THE MORNING OF HOLY SATURDAY FINDS THE PEOPLE COMING TO THE CHURCH
TO RECEIVE HOLY WATER AND THORNS. IN POLISH HOMES YOU WILL FIND
A RECEPTACLE FOR HOLY WATER AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE BEDROOMS FROM
WHICH THE MOTHER BLESSES HER FAMILY WHILE THEY ARE ASLEEP AT
NIGHT. A VISIT IS PAID TO THE SEPULCHRE WHICH IS GUARDED BY
SOLDIERS. THE PARISHIONERS BRING EASTER LILIES TO ADORN CHRIST'S
TOMB. AT 1:00 WE BRING FOOD BASKETS TO THE CHURCH TO BE BLESSED,
WHICH WILL BE EATEN FOR BREAKFAST ON EASTER. THE FOOD CONSISTS OF
POLISH SAUSAGE (KIELBASA) ( , ) BUTTER SHAPED IN THE FORM OF A
LAMB WITH A RED RIBBON AROUND ITS NECK, SIGNIFYING CHRIST,
THE SLAIN LAMB. A SWEET BREAD MADE OF EGG AND SWEET RAISINS IS
BRAIDED INTO A LOAF, HORSERADISH AND COLORED EASTER ( EGGS ) ARE
ALSO IN THE BASKET.
EASTER MORNING AT 5:00 A.M. THE SUNRISE SERVICES BEGIN.
CHILDREN DRESSED IN WHITE ( , ) WEARING BLUE CAPES ( , ) COME IN
PROCESSION CARRYING FLOWERS. THEY ARE MET AT THE ALTAR BY THE
PRIEST AND WITH A TRUMPET FANFARE PROCEED TO THE TOMB. THERE
THEY FIND THE FIGURE OF CHRIST HAS BEEN REMOVED AND WHERE HE LAID
FLOWERS EN-MASSE. ARTIFICIAL SUNRAYS PROFUSE FROM THE TOMB, AND
THE SOLDIERS ARE GONE. CHRIST IS RISEN.
IN THE OLD COUNTRY EASTER MONDAY FINDS THE BOYS CHASING THEIR
GIRLS WITH LONG SWITCHES TO SWITCH THEIR LEGS. THEY IN TURN,
ARE CHASING THE BOYS WITH BUCKETS OF WATER.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; 25940 MADISON CT ; 48081 ; SAINT CLAIR SHORES
Keyword(s): DYNGUS DAY ; FOOD CUSTOM ; MUSIC ; RITUAL WHIPPING ; SWIECZONKA ; SYMBOL ; WATER
Date learned: 11-10-1971
TRADITIONAL POLISH CELEBRATION OF HOLY WEEK AND EASTER
ON HOLY THURSDAY THE BISHOPS AND PRIESTS WASH THE FEET OF 12
POOR PEOPLE IN MEMORY OF THE LAST SUPPER.
ON GOOD FRIDAY THERE IS A SPECIAL MASS WITH PRAYERS FOR ALL.
THE HOLY SACRAMENT IS PUT INTO A DARK CELL, AS CHRIST WAS, TO BE
ADORED CONSTANTLY. THERE IS A SPECIAL TOMB PUT UP AT A SIDE ALTAR
WHICH IS DECORATED WITH FLOWERS AND OFTEN DOVES. HERE THE PEOPLE
COME TO VISIT AND PRAY BOTH FRIDAY AND SATURDAY.
ON HOLY SATURDAY WATER AND THORNS ARE BLESSED IN THE MORNING AT
CHURCH. IN THE AFTERNOON, A BASKET OF FOOD IS TAKEN TO THE CHURCH TO
BE BLESSED. THE BASKET TRADITIONALLY CONTAINS BREAD, SALT, PEPPER,
EASTER EGGS (BOILED), KIELBASA (SAUSAGE), AND BUTTER IN THE FORM OF
A LAMB. ALSO, IT IS CUSTOMARY TO VISIT AS MANY CHURCHES AS POSSIBLE
THAT DAY.
AT DAWN OF EASTER SUNDAY, THE RESURRECTION MASS IS HELD.
AFTER THIS MASS, THE FAMILY COMES HOME TO EASTER BREAKFAST
COMPOSED OF THE EASTER BASKET FOOD. AS A CUSTOMARY PRACTICE, THE
MEAL IS STARTED BY THE OLDEST MEMBER, WHO TAKES A BLESSED EGG, WHICH
HAS BEEN QUARTERED, AND SHARES IT WITH EACH MEMBER, WISHING HIM
HAPPINESS AND HEALTH. THE EGG IS REPRESENTATIVE OF LIFE. THEN
EVERYONE SITS DOWN TO EAT THE EASTER MEAL.
MY GRANDMOTHER REMEMBERS THIS FROM PRACTICE TO THIS DAY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; 7313 EMANON, ASSUMED ; DEARBORN
Keyword(s): FAMILY UNITY ; FOOD CUSTOM ; SWIECZONKA ; WATER
Date learned: 10-27-1967
HOLY WEEK
ON HOLY THURSDAY AND GOOD FRIDAY PEOPLE HAVE ELABORATE
PROCESSIONS THROUGH THE STREETS OF MALTA VISITING SEVEN DIFFERENT
CHURCHES. CHILDREN CARRY SYMBOLS OF THE PASSION--E.G. ( , ) THE
NAILS, ROBE, DICE.
Data entry tech comment:
100% OF THE POPULATION OF MALTA IS ROMAN CATHOLIC.
THIS IS DONE TO SYMBOLIZE THE SEVEN LAST WORDS OF CHRIST.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT ; 16721 GLENMORE
Keyword(s): ABSTINENCE
| Subject headings: | 663 Holy Thursday 663 Good Friday Favorites Ballad Song Dance Game Music Verse -- Accessories DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Church CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting F663.30 BELIEF -- Number |
Date learned: 03-08-1970
GOOD FRIDAY
ON GOOD FRIDAY THE CHURCH IS PACKED WITH PEOPLE. SOME PEOPLE IN THE
PHILIPPINES GO UP TO THE ALTAR ON THEIR KNEES WHILE OTHERS MAY
(BE) DRESSED WITH A KIND OF MASK WHICH ENACTS THE SUFFERINGS OF
CHRIST. THE STATIONS OF THE CROSS ARE DONE BY THE PEOPLE IN
PROCESSION OUTSIDE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | 663 Good Friday Favorites Ballad Song Dance Game Music Verse -- Accessories DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Church ART CRAFT ARCHITECTURE -- Mask SPEECH -- Gesture |
Date learned: 11-00-1970
ON GOOD FRIDAY A TABLE IS SET UP IN THE EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
AND DECORATED WITH FLOWERS. THE TABLE REPRESENTS THE GRAVE OF
CHRIST. DURING THE EVENING SERVICES IT IS DISASSEMBLED AND CARRIED
BY CHURCH ELDERS IN A PROCESSION IN WHICH ALL OF THE MEMBERS
JOIN. EVERYONE CARRIES A LIGHTED CANDLE AND MARCHES AROUND THE
CHURCH THREE TIMES ILLUSTRATING THE THEME, "CHRIST HAS DIED, CHRIST
HAS RISEN, CHRIST WILL COME AGAIN". AT THE RESURRECTION MASS
THE SAME PROCEDURE IS REPEATED.
Submitter comment:
INFORMANT SAID THAT DESPITE THE REVISIONS IN THE ORTHODOX MASS, THIS
EASTER CUSTOM HAS BEEN PRESERVED AND IS STILL WIDELY PRACTICED.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT ; 10438 BONITA
| Subject headings: | 663 Good Friday DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Church CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter Sunday BELIEF -- Number |
Date learned: 10-20-1971
CUSTOM HOLY SATURDAY
THE FAMILIES TAKE A BASKET OF FOOD TO CHURCH IN THE AFTERNOON AND
HAVE IT BLESSED BY THE PRIEST. THIS BASKET ONCE CONTAINED ONLY SMALL
LOAVES OF BREAD, BUT NOW CONTAINS BREAD, BUTTER, SALT, SAUSAGE, AND
COLORED EGGS. THIS IS THE FIRST FOOD EATEN WHEN THE FAMILY RETURNS
FROM MASS ON EASTER SUNDAY.
THIS IS A REMEMBRANCE OF THE MIRACLE OF THE LOAVES AND THE FISHES; IT
IS ALSO A REQUEST THAT GOD WILL MAKE THE YEAR PLENTIFUL.
Where learned: HOME
Keyword(s): FOOD CUSTOM ; SWIECZONKA
| Subject headings: | 663 Holy Saturday DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter eggs CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter Sunday BELIEF -- Prayer BELIEF -- Number |
Date learned: 11-27-1967
SARDINIAN EASTER
ON EASTER IN SARDINIA, AT 8 A.M., TWO PROCESSIONS BEGIN. THE
FIRST WITH HALF OF THE PEOPLE FROM THE TOWN,
PROCESS(ES) WITH THE STATUE OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
WHICH IS DRESSED IN BLACK. THE SECOND GROUP COMES FROM THE
CEMETERY WITH A STATUE OF CHRIST. THE GROUPS MEET IN THE TOWN
SQUARE WHERE THE MOURNING GARB IS REMOVED FROM THE VIRGIN. BOTH
PROCESSIONS THEN PROCEED TOGETHER TO THE CHURCH WHERE MASS IS
CELEBRATED. DURING THE CONSECRATION, FIREWORKS ARE SET OFF TO
SYMBOLIZE JOY.
Data entry tech comment: COMMAS ADDED BY THE KEYPUNCHER.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; MARYGROVE COLLEGE ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | Favorites DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Typical Elements of a Festive Pattern CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter Sunday |
Date learned: 00001968 FALL
CUSTOM
ON EASTER MORNING, APPROXIMATELY 5:00 A.M., THE PRIEST APPROCHES
( APPROACHES ) THE FRONT DOOR OF THE CHURCH AND KNOCKS 3 TIMES
WITH A CRUCIFIX.
Submitter comment:
(THIS IS A SIGN THAT CHRIST HAS RISEN WHEN THE DOOR IS OPENED LIKE
THE TOMB WAS OPENED.)
Where learned: HOME
Keyword(s): SYMBOLIC ACTION
| Subject headings: | DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter Sunday |
Date learned: 10-00-1968
UKRANIAN ( UKRAINIAN ) EASTER
ON EASTER SUNDAY, NO ONE WOULD ENTER THE CHURCH UNTIL THE CLERGYMAN
WOULD TAP THE DOOR OPEN WITH A CROSS, AS THEY BELIEVED THAT ALL THE
SOULS OF THEIR DECEASED FAMILIES AND FRIENDS WERE IN THE CHURCH
WITH CHRIST.
Submitter comment: INFORMANT TRAVELLED
Where learned: OFFICE
| Subject headings: | DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter Sunday BELIEF -- Death Funeral Burial |
Date learned: 10-03-1967
EASTER CELEBRATION
AT 4:00 A.M. ( , ) A BAND MARCHES AROUND THE TOWN AND WAKES
EVERYBODY UP, THEN EVERYONE GETS DRESSES ( DRESSED ) UP IN SUNDAY
CLOTHES, AND MEETS IN THE PLAZA. THERE IS A HIGH TOWER AND SOMEBODY
SINGS AND A LITTLE GIRL TIED TO A ROPE AND DRESSED AS AN ANGEL IS
EASED DOWN THE TOWER. ON THE GROUND IS A STATUE OF THE BLESSED
VIRGIN MARY WITH A BLACK VEIL SYMBOLIZING MOURNING, AND THE LITTLE
GIRL CHANGES IT TO WHITE TO SHOW THAT HER MOURNING IS OVER. THEN
EVERYBODY GOES TO CHURCH.
Where learned: LOCATION NOT RECORDED BY COLLECTOR
Keyword(s): COLOR
| Subject headings: | DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter Sunday |
Date learned: 12-04-1965
EASTER
THE RESSURECTION ( RESURRECTION ) IS TOLD BY THE PEOPLE ON EASTER
BY DEPICTING OR ACTING IT OUT. AT FOUR O'CLOCK IN THE MORNING
THE PEOPLE COME TO CHURCH. THE MEN ARE ON ONE SIDE AND THE WOMEN
ARE ON THE OTHER SIDE. A STATUE OF CHRIST IS CARRIED AROUND THE
CHURCH AND OUTSIDE WHERE THE MEN FOLLOW IN PROCESSION. THE
WOMEN PROCESS AROUND ANOTHER WAY UNTIL THE MEN AND WOMEN COME TO A
POINT WHERE THEY MEET. THIS IS TO REPRESENT CHRIST MEETING MARY.
THE CHILDREN ARE AT THE SPOT WHERE THE MEN AND WOMEN WERE TO MEET
ALL DRESSED UP AS THE ANGELS. THIS CUSTOM CAME FROM THE SPANISH.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Keyword(s): SYMBOL
| Subject headings: | DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Spring Planting Easter Sunday |
Date learned: 11-00-1970
THE EVE OF JUNE 23RD
IN IRELAND, ON THE EVE OF JUNE 23RD, WHICH IS ST. JOHN THE
BAPTIST'S FEAST DAY, A GREAT CELEBRATION TAKES PLACE. IN THIS
CELEBRATION A CART OR LARGE WAGON IS SURROUNDED BY HAY, WHICH IS
SET ON FIRE. THE CART REPRESENTS FAITH, AND THE FIRE AROUND THE
CART REPRESENTS THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, WHICH PROTECTS ONE'S FAITH.
AFTER THE CEREMONY A PARTY TAKES PLACE.
Submitter comment:
THIS WAS TOLD TO THE INFORMANT BY A NUN, WHO HAD LIVED MOST
OF HER LIFE IN IRELAND.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- June 23 |
Date learned: 04-05-1970
CAROLING
AMONG THE UKRAINIANS, ON CHRISTMAS DAY GROUPS OF CAROLERS VISIT THE
UKRAINIAN HOMES SINGING ANCIENT CAROLS AND BRINGING GREETINGS.
THEY CARRY WITH THEM A LARGE STAR OF BETHLEHEM, MADE OF COLORFUL
PAPER AND WOOD, LIT WITH A CANDLE (OR NOW AN ELECTIC LIGHT).
OR THE CAROLERS WILL CARRY A MINIATURE MANGER ("WERTEP") WITH
HAND CARVED WOODEN FIGURES. ANOTHER CUSTOM WHICH HAS ALMOST
PASSED AWAY IS THAT OF PRESENTING LITTLE SKITS WITH MEMBERS
OF THE GROUP DRESSED IN APPROPRIATE COSTUMES: AN ANGEL,
THREE KINGS, SHEPHERDS, AND A COMICAL CHARACTER FOR A TOUCH OF
HUMOUR.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; WARREN
Date learned: 10-00-1970
TOM THUMB WEDDING
THE TOM THUMB WEDDING IS A CUSTOM IN NEW ORLEANS. A MINIATURE
WEDDING IS HELD WHERE ONLY CHILDREN ARE THE PARTICIPANTS. THE
LITTLE BOY WHO PORTRAYS THE GROOM DRESSES LIKE THE GROOM. A
LITTLE GIRL DRESSES LIKE THE BRIDE. WEDDING ATTENDANTS ARE
INCLUDED. THE WHOLE RITUAL OF GETTING MARRIED IS ACTED OUT.
Submitter comment:
THIS WEDDING IS HELD TO RAISE MONEY FOR VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS.
THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE WEDDING SELL TICKETS TO RAISE MONEY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SOUTHFIELD
| Subject headings: | DRAMA -- Religious DRAMA -- Secular CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Street Trip Relations between relatives, friends, host and guest Social class Rank CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Marriage |
Date learned: 01-00-1979
RELIGIOUS
BEFORE CHRISTMAS, SIX BOYS CARRY THE MANGER. THREE OF THEM DRESS UP
AS THE THREE KINGS. ONE CARRIES A LIGHTED STAR AND TWO CARRY
STATUES OF MARY AND JOSEPH. THEY SING CAROLS AND ARE REWARDED WITH
SWEETS AND APPLES.
Submitter comment:
IN POLAND, DURING THE CHRISTMAS SEASON, THE BOYS MARCH FROM
HOUSE TO HOUSE.
Where learned: DETROIT
WHEN I WAS IN GRADE SCHOOL THE NUNS MADE US DRESS UP AS OUR PATRON
SAINT ON HALLOWEEN.
Submitter comment: GRADE SCHOOL ST. MICHAEL'S OF LIVONIA
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; LIVONIA
| Subject headings: | DRAMA -- Religious CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- October 31 Halloween BELIEF -- Religious hero |
Date learned: GRADE SCHOOL
EVENTS ON CHRISTMAS EVE
FROM EVENING UNTIL MIDNIGHT, BOYS WALK FROM VILLAGE TO VILLAGE WITH
AN ILLUMINATED STAR AND A KING HEROD CHARACTER, TO SING CAROLS.
THIS IS DONE TO RECEIVE GIFTS. IN SOME DISTRICTS THE BOYS CARRY
PUPPET SHOWS CALLED SZOPKI. THESE ARE BUILT LIKE A LITTLE HOUSE
WITH TWO TOWERS, OPEN IN THE FRONT WHERE A SMALL CRIB IS SET AND
BEFORE WHICH MARIONETTES SING THEIR DIALOGUES.
Submitter comment:
THE DRAMATIZATION AND PUPPET SHOWS WERE EAGERLY AWAITED BY THE
CHILREN OF POLAND AS WELL AS THE ADULTS.
Where learned: POLAND ; WARSAW ; MIELIEC
| Subject headings: | Ballad Song Dance Game Music Verse -- Religious DRAMA -- Religious DRAMA -- Puppet CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- December 24 Christmas Eve |
Date learned: 00-00-1940