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The James T. Callow Folklore Archive
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ALL SOULS DAY
IN PERRYVILLE, MISSOURI, WHERE MS. BOW'S RELATIVES LIVED, ALL
SOULS DAY WAS CELEBRATED IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER. PEOPLE WENT TO
THE CEMETERY AND DECORATED GRAVES OF THEIR LOVED ONES WITH
FLOWERS AND PICTURES OF THE DEAD RELATIVES. THE EARLIEST
GRAVESTONE IN THE CEMETERY WAS DATED 1804.
Submitter comment: FRENCH
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 2 All SoulsDay of the Dead |
Date learned: 04-02-1982
"LA TOUSSAINT"(ALL SAINTS)
ALWAYS CELEBRATED ON NOVEMBER 1 & 2, ALL-SAINTS IS AN OCCASION
FOR PEOPLE TO GO VISIT THE TOMBS OF THEIR RELATIVES, PARENTS,
AND FRIENDS. DURING THE DAY, PEOPLE CLEAN THE TOMBS, AND LATER
THEY BRING FLOWERS AND CANDLES. AT SUN DOWN, THEY LIGHT THE
CANDLES, AND THE HOLE CEMETERY IS LIGHTED BY THE FLAMES OF
THOUSANDS OF CANDLES. YOU CAN WALK IN LIKE IN DAY LIGHT. IN THE
COUNTRY SIDE, PEOPLE ALSO PUT CANDLES IN FRONT OF THEIR HOUSES.
Where learned: GUADELOUPE
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 1 All Saints CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 2 All SoulsDay of the Dead |
Date learned: 00-00-1969
"ROY-KATONG" FESTIVAL (THAILAND)
"THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS FESTIVAL IS TO APOLOGIZE TO THE WATER
SPIRIT FOR THE USE OF THE WATER AND FOR POLLUTING THE WATER.
BELIEVING THAT THE WATER COMES FROM HEAVEN, THE THAIS FLOAT SMALL
LOTUS-SHAPED RAFTS WITH CANDLES ON THEM IN THE RIVERS OF THAILAND
SO THAT EVENTUALLY THE RAFT WILL GO TO AN ANGEL IN HEAVEN. ALSO,
WHEN THEY FLOAT THE RAFTS, THE THAIS WILL MAKE A WISH AND
SOMETIMES A MAN AND WOMAN WILL GO TOGETHER."
Submitter comment:
THE FESTIVAL USUALLY TAKES PLACE IN BETWEEN OCTOBER AND
NOVEMBER.
"ROY-KATONG" MEANS "FLOAT-SMALL-BOAT" IN THAI LANGUAGE.
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F100 CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F110 CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- September 23 equinox to December 20 Also used for Advent. BELIEF -- Angel BELIEF -- Ghost Spirit Phantom Specter BELIEF -- Water BELIEF -- Prayer |
Date learned: 02-00-1984
JUNKANOO
THE JUNKANOO PARADE IS A MUSIC FESTIVAL CELEBRATED IN THE
BAHAMAS ANNUALLY. IN THE CULTURAL CALENDAR OF THE BAHAMAS
JUNKANOO IS THE BIGGEST AND MOST SPECTACULAR EVENT. JUNKANOO
OCCURS ON DECEMBER 26 WHICH IS CALLED BOXING DAY IN THE BAHAMAS
AND ON JANUARY 1, NEW YEAR'S DAY. COMMENCING IN THE EARLY HOURS
OF THE MORNING (3:00 A.M.) AND CONTINUING UNABATED UNTIL AFTER
SUNRISE (9:00 A.M.). HUNDREDS OF COSTUMED REVELLERS IN
EXTRAVAGANT OR IMAGINATIVE HEADDRESSES CONGREGATE ON MAIN
STREETS SUCH AS BAY STREET AND FREDRICK STREET TO PERFORM
BEFORE THOUSANDS OF SPECTATORS. MOST OF THE JUNKANOOS OR
PARTICIPANTS BELONG TO ORGANIZED GROUPS SUCH AS:
THE MUSIC MAKERS, SAXONS, OR THE VALLEY BOYS. OTHER CATEGORIES
ARE INDIVIDUAL COSTUMES AND SCRAP GANGS. SCRAP GANGS HAVE LITTLE
INTEREST IN COSTUMES AND THE PARTICIPANTS' MAIN INTEREST LIES IN
EXPERIENCING THE SHEER JOY AND UNINHIBITED ABANDON OF RUSHING
THROUGH THE CROWD. THE GROUPS SUCH AS THE SAXONS AND VALLEY BOYS
SPEND MONTHS DESIGNING, CONSTRUCTING, AND PASTING PAPER FRINGE
COSTUMES RELATED TO SPECIFIC THEMES SUCH AS "KINGS OF AFRICA".
THE GROUPS MAY BE SMALL OR LARGE (50-300 PARTICIPANTS).
THERE IS AN INTENSE COMPETITION BETWEEN THE GROUPS TO WIN THE
PRESTIGIOUS TITLE AND CASH PRIZE AWARDED TO THE BEST ADULT GROUP
ANNUALLY DURING THE CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR'S JUNKANOO PARADES.
IN THE EARLIER DAYS OF JUNKANOO THE COSTUMES WERE NOT RESTRICTED TO
LARGE PAPER FRINGE THEME PIECES AND SMALL OR SIMPLE PAPER FRINGE
COSTUMES AS THEY ARE TODAY. JUNKANOO PARTICIPANTS IN THE EARLIER
DAYS WORE COSTUMES MADE FROM CLOTH, NEWSPAPER, SPONGES,
BRANCHES OF TREES, AS WELL AS BROADLY FRINGED PAPER COSTUMES
WHICH WERE THE FORERUNNERS OF THE COSTUMES WE SEE TODAY.
THE PAPER USED IN MAKING THE COSTUMES IS CALLED CREPE PAPER
AND THERE ARE MANY COLOURS, WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE BEAUTY OF
THE COSTUMES. THE PAPER IS ALSO FRINGED OR CUT FINE AS OPPOSED
TO THE BROAD FRINGES IN EARLIER TIMES.
THE BEAUTIFUL COSTUMES ARE ONLY ONE FEATURE OF JUNKANOO. TWO
VERY IMPORTANT FEATURES ARE MUSIC AND DANCE. TWO EXAMPLES OF
DANCE ARE:
(1) MARANGY--A DANCE WHEREIN YOU MOVE YOUR HIPS FROM SIDE TO
SIDE AND SPIN AROUND.
(2) SKULLING--A DANCE WHEREIN YOU PUT ONE FOOT IN FRONT OF THE
THE OTHER AND ROCK YOUR BODY FORWARD AND BACKWARD.
EACH GROUP CONCENTRATES ON IMPROVING AND CO-ORDINATING ITS
JUNKANOO SOUND, AND IT IS NOT UNUSUAL TO HEAR JUNKANOO MUSIC
BEING REHEARSED THROUGHOUT NEW PROVIDENCE (NASSAU) FROM AS
EARLY AS THE BEGINNING OF NOVEMBER. THE INSTRUMENTS WHICH
CONTRIBUTE TO THE JUNKANOO SOUND ARE:
(1) GOAT-SKIN DRUMS--HANDBEATEN INSTRUMENTS WHICH CREATE LOUD
VIBRATING SOUNDS.
(2) COWBELLS--HANDSHAKEN INSTRUMENTS USED TO CREATE A SHARP
METALLIC SOUND.
(3) WIND INSTRUMENTS--THESE INCLUDE WHISTLES, BUGLES, AND
BICYCLE HORNS WHICH CREATE A PIERCING OR HIGH PITCHED SOUND.
ADDITIONAL INSTRUMENTS INCLUDE CONCH SHELLS AND OTHER ODD
OBJECTS SUCH AS A CUTTING SAW AND THE RIM OF WHEELS.
ONE NOTABLE CHANGE THAT HAS OCCURRED IN THE MUSIC SEGMENT OF
JUNKANOO IS THE FACT THAT SINGING IS NO LONGER CONSIDERED
ESSENTIAL TO THE SOUND OF JUNKANOO. TODAY THERE ARE FEW
JUNKANOO SONGS THAT REMAIN FROM THE EARLIER DAYS. A NAME
OF SUCH A SONG IS "MAMA BAKE YOUR JOHNNIE CAKE".
JUNKANOO ORIGINATED IN THE DAYS OF SLAVERY WHEN IT WAS
CUSTOMARY TO ALLOW THE SLAVES THREE DAYS OFF TO CELEBRATE
CHRISTMAS. IT IS ALSO A COMMON BELIEF THAT THE JUNKANOO
FESTIVITIES WERE CONNECTED WITH THE MEMORY OF A CELEBRATED
AFRICAN TRADER-PRINCE NAMED JOHN CONUU OR JOHN CONNY. THE
BAHAMAS REMAINS UNIQUE IN THAT IT IS THE ONLY COUNTRY WHERE
THE CELEBRATION HAS NEITHER DISAPPEARED ENTIRELY NOR DECLINED
INTO ALMOST TOTAL OBSCURITY BUT, ON THE CONTRARY HAS DEVELOPED
INTO AN ANNUAL EVENT OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE. IN FACT
JUNKANOO IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF BAHAMIAN HERITAGE.
Where learned: BAHAMAS ; NASSAU
Date learned: 00001970S
MY INFORMANT TOLD ME OF A TRADITION THAT HIS FAMILY
FOLLOWS ON ALL SAINTS DAY. ON THIS DAY, HIS FAMILY
VISITS THE GRAVES OF ALL OF HIS DECEASED RELATIVES TO
SAY PRAYERS AND BRING FLOWERS.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 1 All Saints |
FOR AS FAR BACK AS I CAN REMEMBER, THE WOMEN AT OUR HOUSE HAVE
MADE TRADITIONAL POLISH CHRISTMAS COOKIES CALLED PIERNICKI. MY
NON-POLISH MOTHER LEARNED THE RECIPE FROM HER POLISH MOTHER-IN-LAW
WHEN MY AUNT DID NOT SHOW AN INTEREST IN CARRYING OUT THE
TRADITION OF MAKING THE SWEET AND SPICY COOKIES. EACH FAMILY'S
RECIPE IS DIFFERENT AND A CAREFULLY KEPT SECRET. PIERNICKI IS SO
SPECIAL THAT EATING THE DOUGH OR THE FINISHED COOKIE ENHANCES
READING COMPREHENSION! THE COOKIES ARE MADE IN LATE NOVEMBER,
USUALLY DURING THE THANKSGIVING BREAK FROM SCHOOL, WHICH IS JUST
IN TIME FOR HOLIDAY GIFT GIVING AND FOR STUDYING FOR FINAL EXAMS.
Submitter comment:
OUR PIERNICKI HAS BECOME AN INSTITUTION. OUR RELATIVES LOOK
FORWARD TO RECEIVING THEIR GIFT OF COOKIES EVERY YEAR. BECAUSE
THE RECIPE IS A SECRET, IF IT IS FOUND IN A COOKBOOK, IT HAS BEEN
ALTERED BY THE SUBMITTER SO THAT HER COOKIES WILL BE BETTER THAN
SOMEONE WHO FOLLOWS THE BOOK RECIPE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; ROSEVILLE
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F110 CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- December 24 Christmas Eve Pastry Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals |
Date learned: 00001970S
Greeks believe that the first day of the month is good or bad,
the rest of the month will be the same way. This belief can also be
applied to the first day of the year.
Where learned: GREECE
James Callow Keyword(s): pilot day
Date learned: 00001943CA
All Souls Day
People in the areas of southern Mexico and below (Guatemala and
Honduras) celebrate All Souls Day by taking food to the graveyard to
gather with and honor their deceased ancestors.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; WESTLAND
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 2 All SoulsDay of the Dead CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Death Funeral Burial |
Date learned: 01-00-1990
ENGLISH CUSTOM
GUY FAWKS DAY IN ENGLAND IS LIKE OUR HALLOWEEN.
GUY FAWKS TRIED TO BURN DOWN THE HOUSE OF
PARLIAMENT AND IS BURNED IN EFFIGY.
Submitter comment: TRAVELLED.
Where learned: OFFICE
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F110 |
Date learned: 11-20-1967
ON THE FEAST OF ALL SAINTS (NOV. 11) WHEN THE BEGGARS
WOULD GO TO CHURCH TO PRAY FOR THE SOULS IN PURGATORY,
THE PEOPLE OF THE VILLAGE WOULD STOP BY THE CHURCH
AND GIVE THEM MONEY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; TAYLOR
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 1 All Saints CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Church CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Festival |
Date learned: 11-27-1967
ALL SAINTS' DAY (NOV. 1) TRADITIONALLY ASSOCIATED IN POLISH
LEGEND AND LITERATURE WITH GHOSTS AND WAYWARD SOULS,
PROVIDED THE SETTING FOR ADAM MICKIEWICZ'S
MASTERPIECE, "FOREFATHER'S EVE." TODAY, IT IS MUCH
LIKE MEMORIAL DAY IN THE UNITED STATES--A TIME TO
HONOR THE DEAD AND PLACE FLOWERS AND CANDLES ON
THEIR GRAVES.
James Callow comment: FROM A BOOK?
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 1 All Saints CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- September 23 equinox to December 20 Also used for Advent. |
Date learned: 10-11-1972
THREE DAYS PRIOR TO THE FEAST OF ALL SOULS, PHILIPPINOS
VISIT THE GRAVES OF THEIR DEAD. THEY FIX UP THE GRAVES
AND PUT CANDLES AROUND. THEN ON NOVEMBER 1ST
THE WHOLE FAMILY GOES TO VISIT THE GRAVE AND PRAY.
ON THIS DAY, THEY BRING THEIR LUNCHES AND SPEND THE
ENTIRE DAY THERE. THE PRIESTS COME AND BLESS THE
GRAVES. THE CEMETERY IS PACKED WITH PEOPLE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F102 CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F103 CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- October 31 Halloween CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 1 All Saints CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- Death Funeral Burial |
Date learned: 11-00-1970
ON THE EVENING OF NOVEMBER 1ST (THE DAY BEFORE ALL
SOULS DAY) IT IS A CUSTOM TO PLACE A GLASS OF
WATER ON A LEDGE OUTSIDE A WINDOW SO THAT THE MANY
SOULS WHO WILL BE GOING TO HEAVEN THAT DAY DUE TO
THE SPECIAL PRAYERS SAID FOR THEM, WILL BE ABLE TO
HAVE A DRINK OF WATER, WHILE ON THEIR WAY. THESE SOULS,
GRATEFUL FOR THE COOLING WATER, WILL THEN REMEMBER
YOU WHEN YOU ARE IN PURGATORY.
Submitter comment: INFORMANT DOESN'T KNOW WHERE DONE.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- November 1 All Saints BELIEF -- Ghost Spirit Phantom Specter |
Date learned: 10-25-1971
ON THE EVE OF ALL SAINTS DAY (NOVEMBER 1), ALL DEAD PEOPLE
WALK IN A PROCESSION AND IF YOU HEAR A KNOCK AT THE DOOR,
DEATH WILL COME TO YOUR FAMILY DURING THAT YEAR.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; ALLEN PARK
| Subject headings: | Observation CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F110 BELIEF -- Death Funeral Burial |
Date learned: 03-28-1971
THE TOPAZ, THE NOVEMBER BIRTHSTONE, IS A SYMBOL FOR
CHEERFULNESS.
Where learned: DETROIT ; MICHIGAN, ASSUMED
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F110 BELIEF -- Mineral |
Date learned: 11-08-1967
IF IT RAINS ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE MONTH, IT WILL RAIN FOR
THE FIRST FIFTEEN DAYS OF THE MONTH.
Where learned: TENNESSEE ; WARTRACE
Date learned: 06-18-1972
THE SCOTCH BELIEVE IT IS BAD LUCK FOR EITHER OF TWO LOVERS TO
GIVE THE OTHER ONE A BIBLE BEFORE MARRIAGE OR TO BE MARRIED
IN ANY MONTH HAVING AN "A" IN IT, SUCH AS MAY AND THAT'S
WHY SO MANY PEOPLE MARRY IN JUNE.
THE BRIDE SHOULD NEVER SEE HER MAN ON THE WEDDING DAY
BEFORE TIME FOR THE CEREMONY.
Where learned: KENTUCKY ; WILLIAMSBURG
Keyword(s): SCOTS
IF IT SNOWS ON A DAY IN NOVEMBER, THAT DATE IS THE NUMBER OF
SNOWFALLS THERE WILL BE DURING THE WINTER.
Where learned: TENNESSEE ; NASHVILLE
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- F110 BELIEF -- Sign or prediction through Natural atmospheric phenomenon |
Date learned: 06-24-1970
AT THE END OF THE MONTH, RIGHT BEFORE YOU GO TO BED, YOU SAY
"RABBIT, RABBIT." THEN THE NEXT MORNING WHEN YOU WAKE UP
YOU SAY "RABBIT, RABBIT" AND MAKE A WISH AND IT WILL COME TRUE.
Where learned: TENNESSEE ; NASHVILLE
Date learned: 04-00-1972
THE FIRST THING YOU SHOULD SAY ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE MONTH IS,
"RABBIT, RABBIT." SHOULD YOU FORGET, THEN THE LAST THING
BEFORE YOU GO TO BED (IT MUST BE BEFORE MIDNIGHT) YOU SHOULD
SAY IT BACKWARD, "TIBBAR, TIBBAR." YOUR LUCK WOULD NOT BE
AS GOOD BY SAYING IT AT NIGHT, BUT NOT AS BAD AS IF YOU
DIDN'T SAY IT AT ALL.
Where learned: TENNESSEE ; NASHVILLE
Date learned: 06-22-1972