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JUNKANOO
THE JUNKANOO PARADE IS A MUSIC FESTIVAL CELEBRATED IN THE
BAHAMAS ANNUALLY. IN THE CULTURAL CALENDAR OF THE BAHAMAS
JUNKANOO IS THE BIGGEST AND MOST SPECTACULAR EVENT. JUNKANOO
OCCURS ON DECEMBER 26 WHICH IS CALLED BOXING DAY IN THE BAHAMAS
AND ON JANUARY 1, NEW YEAR'S DAY. COMMENCING IN THE EARLY HOURS
OF THE MORNING (3:00 A.M.) AND CONTINUING UNABATED UNTIL AFTER
SUNRISE (9:00 A.M.). HUNDREDS OF COSTUMED REVELLERS IN
EXTRAVAGANT OR IMAGINATIVE HEADDRESSES CONGREGATE ON MAIN
STREETS SUCH AS BAY STREET AND FREDRICK STREET TO PERFORM
BEFORE THOUSANDS OF SPECTATORS. MOST OF THE JUNKANOOS OR
PARTICIPANTS BELONG TO ORGANIZED GROUPS SUCH AS:
THE MUSIC MAKERS, SAXONS, OR THE VALLEY BOYS. OTHER CATEGORIES
ARE INDIVIDUAL COSTUMES AND SCRAP GANGS. SCRAP GANGS HAVE LITTLE
INTEREST IN COSTUMES AND THE PARTICIPANTS' MAIN INTEREST LIES IN
EXPERIENCING THE SHEER JOY AND UNINHIBITED ABANDON OF RUSHING
THROUGH THE CROWD. THE GROUPS SUCH AS THE SAXONS AND VALLEY BOYS
SPEND MONTHS DESIGNING, CONSTRUCTING, AND PASTING PAPER FRINGE
COSTUMES RELATED TO SPECIFIC THEMES SUCH AS "KINGS OF AFRICA".
THE GROUPS MAY BE SMALL OR LARGE (50-300 PARTICIPANTS).
THERE IS AN INTENSE COMPETITION BETWEEN THE GROUPS TO WIN THE
PRESTIGIOUS TITLE AND CASH PRIZE AWARDED TO THE BEST ADULT GROUP
ANNUALLY DURING THE CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR'S JUNKANOO PARADES.
IN THE EARLIER DAYS OF JUNKANOO THE COSTUMES WERE NOT RESTRICTED TO
LARGE PAPER FRINGE THEME PIECES AND SMALL OR SIMPLE PAPER FRINGE
COSTUMES AS THEY ARE TODAY. JUNKANOO PARTICIPANTS IN THE EARLIER
DAYS WORE COSTUMES MADE FROM CLOTH, NEWSPAPER, SPONGES,
BRANCHES OF TREES, AS WELL AS BROADLY FRINGED PAPER COSTUMES
WHICH WERE THE FORERUNNERS OF THE COSTUMES WE SEE TODAY.
THE PAPER USED IN MAKING THE COSTUMES IS CALLED CREPE PAPER
AND THERE ARE MANY COLOURS, WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE BEAUTY OF
THE COSTUMES. THE PAPER IS ALSO FRINGED OR CUT FINE AS OPPOSED
TO THE BROAD FRINGES IN EARLIER TIMES.
THE BEAUTIFUL COSTUMES ARE ONLY ONE FEATURE OF JUNKANOO. TWO
VERY IMPORTANT FEATURES ARE MUSIC AND DANCE. TWO EXAMPLES OF
DANCE ARE:
(1) MARANGY--A DANCE WHEREIN YOU MOVE YOUR HIPS FROM SIDE TO
SIDE AND SPIN AROUND.
(2) SKULLING--A DANCE WHEREIN YOU PUT ONE FOOT IN FRONT OF THE
THE OTHER AND ROCK YOUR BODY FORWARD AND BACKWARD.
EACH GROUP CONCENTRATES ON IMPROVING AND CO-ORDINATING ITS
JUNKANOO SOUND, AND IT IS NOT UNUSUAL TO HEAR JUNKANOO MUSIC
BEING REHEARSED THROUGHOUT NEW PROVIDENCE (NASSAU) FROM AS
EARLY AS THE BEGINNING OF NOVEMBER. THE INSTRUMENTS WHICH
CONTRIBUTE TO THE JUNKANOO SOUND ARE:
(1) GOAT-SKIN DRUMS--HANDBEATEN INSTRUMENTS WHICH CREATE LOUD
VIBRATING SOUNDS.
(2) COWBELLS--HANDSHAKEN INSTRUMENTS USED TO CREATE A SHARP
METALLIC SOUND.
(3) WIND INSTRUMENTS--THESE INCLUDE WHISTLES, BUGLES, AND
BICYCLE HORNS WHICH CREATE A PIERCING OR HIGH PITCHED SOUND.
ADDITIONAL INSTRUMENTS INCLUDE CONCH SHELLS AND OTHER ODD
OBJECTS SUCH AS A CUTTING SAW AND THE RIM OF WHEELS.
ONE NOTABLE CHANGE THAT HAS OCCURRED IN THE MUSIC SEGMENT OF
JUNKANOO IS THE FACT THAT SINGING IS NO LONGER CONSIDERED
ESSENTIAL TO THE SOUND OF JUNKANOO. TODAY THERE ARE FEW
JUNKANOO SONGS THAT REMAIN FROM THE EARLIER DAYS. A NAME
OF SUCH A SONG IS "MAMA BAKE YOUR JOHNNIE CAKE".
JUNKANOO ORIGINATED IN THE DAYS OF SLAVERY WHEN IT WAS
CUSTOMARY TO ALLOW THE SLAVES THREE DAYS OFF TO CELEBRATE
CHRISTMAS. IT IS ALSO A COMMON BELIEF THAT THE JUNKANOO
FESTIVITIES WERE CONNECTED WITH THE MEMORY OF A CELEBRATED
AFRICAN TRADER-PRINCE NAMED JOHN CONUU OR JOHN CONNY. THE
BAHAMAS REMAINS UNIQUE IN THAT IT IS THE ONLY COUNTRY WHERE
THE CELEBRATION HAS NEITHER DISAPPEARED ENTIRELY NOR DECLINED
INTO ALMOST TOTAL OBSCURITY BUT, ON THE CONTRARY HAS DEVELOPED
INTO AN ANNUAL EVENT OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE. IN FACT
JUNKANOO IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF BAHAMIAN HERITAGE.
Where learned: BAHAMAS ; NASSAU
Date learned: 00001970S
WHEN I FIRST CAME TO MICHIGAN, MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOR, MRS.
SHELLIE, WOULD ALWAYS CALL US THE FIRST THING ON NEW
YEAR'S DAY. SHE BELIEVED THAT A MAN SHOULD ENTER HER HOME
FIRST FOR GOOD LUCK. THEREFORE, SHE WOULD ALWAYS CALL AND
ASK YOUR FATHER TO VISIT THEM AT EIGHT O' CLOCK ON NEW
YEAR'S MORNING. THIS WAS HER BELIEF SO YOUR DADDY WOULD
GO OVER AND VISIT HER. HE WAS THE FIRST MAN, THE FIRST
MALE TO ENTER HER HOME ON NEW YEAR'S DAY. AFTER HE
ENTERED THE HOUSE, ANYONE ELSE WHO WANTED TO VISIT HER
COULD. IT'S JUST SOMETHING THAT WAS PASSED ON TO HER
FROM HER MOTHER AND GRANDMOTHER; TO THEM IT MEANT GOOD
LUCK THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
Submitter comment:
CALLING AND VISITING FRIENDS AND RELATIVES ARE COMMON ON
NEW YEAR'S DAY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
James Callow Keyword(s): SEXISM
Date learned: 00001900s ; 09-28-1984
UPSTAIRS CHRISTMAS TREE
THIS IS A FAMILY TRADITION TO REMEMBER THE CHILDREN THAT WERE
STILLBORN WITH THEIR OWN SPECIAL TYPE OF CHRISTMAS TREE. THIS TREE
IS PLACED UPSTAIRS IN THE PARENTS' BEDROOM. A FRESH TREE IS PURCHASED
AND PLACED IN THE ROOM WITH A SOLID WHITE TREE-SKIRT PLACED AROUND
IT. ON CHRISTMAS EVE THIS TREE IS TRIMMED WITH ONLY ONE ORNAMENT PER
STILLBORN CHILD. NOTHING ELSE GOES ON THE TREE. THE ORNAMENT IS
SYMBOLIC OF AN ANGEL WITH THE NAME OF THE CHILD ON THE ORNAMENT.
NOTHING IS PLACED ON THE TOP OF THE TREE. A PRAYER IS SAID BY THE
FAMILY AFTER THE DECORATING CEREMONY. THE TREE IS REMOVED ON NEW
YEAR'S DAY.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
THE GOREY FAMILY HAVE A NEW YEAR'S EVE TRADITION.
AT MIDNIGHT THEY TAKE ALL THEIR POTS AND PANS
AND BANG THEM TOGETHER. ALL THIS IS TAKING PLACE
WHILE THE FAMILY EXITS THROUGH THE BACK DOOR
AND ENTERS THROUGH THE FRONT.
Submitter comment:
THIS IS DONE TO LET THE BAD LUCK GO OUT THE BACK
DOOR, WHILE LETTING THE GOOD LUCK INTO THE FRONT.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SAINT CLAIR SHORES
ON NEW YEAR'S DAY IT IS A TRADITION TO EAT
"HOP 'N' JOHN'S." IT IS SAID THAT IF YOU EAT THIS MEAL
YOU WILL HAVE GOOD LUCK FOR THE ENTIRE YEAR.
Submitter comment:
"HOP 'N' JOHNS" IS A SOUTHERN MEAL MADE UP OF
BLACK EYE PEAS WITH RICE AND HAM CHUNKS.
TO GET THE BEST OF LUCK THROUGHOUT THE YEAR
THE BLACK EYE PEAS SHOULD START SOAKING ON
NEW YEAR'S EVE UNTIL MORNING.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Keyword(s): FOOD
Date learned: 00001970CA
IF YOU WANT GOOD LUCK THROUGHOUT
THE YEAR, EAT BLACK EYED PEAS AND
HOG HEAD ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE YEAR.
Submitter comment:
INFORMANT STATED THIS WAS A TRADITION
AROUND HER HOUSE.
Where learned: CALIFORNIA ; SAN DIEGO
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's |
Date learned: 00-00-1985
SUPERSTITION FOR GOOD LUCK
IN ORDER TO ENSURE GOOD LUCK FOR THE COMING YEAR YOU SHOULD EAT
CABBAGE FOR DINNER ON NEW YEAR'S DAY.
Data entry tech comment:
Updated by TRD
Where learned: HOME ; MICHIGAN ; WARREN
Keyword(s): Cabbage ; Consume ; CUSTOM ; FOOD ; LUCK ; Meal ; New Years ; SUPERSTITION
WHATEVER ONE DOES ON NEW YEAR'S DAY, HE WILL DO ALL YEAR.
Where learned: ILLINOIS ; CHICAGO
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's BELIEF -- Measure of time Year |
EVERY YEAR ON THE FIRST OF THE NEW YEAR, WE GIVE PRESENTS
TO EACH MEMBER OF MY FAMILY. THIS IS DONE BECAUSE IN GREECE, IT
IS SAINT BASIL'S DAY. SAINT BASIL IS THE GREEK SAINT OF
CHILDREN. HE BRINGS PRESENTS TO THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN GOOD THE
PREVIOUS YEAR.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; Sterling Heights ; WHERE I LEARNED THIS
James Callow Keyword(s): GIFT-GIVING
| Subject headings: | Favorites CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's BELIEF -- Religious hero |
Date learned: 01-00-1972
CORN BEEF AND CABBAGE IS EATEN ON NEW YEAR'S DAY.
IF IT ISN'T EATEN, THE PERSON WILL HAVE A BAD YEAR.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; SAINT CLAIR SHORES
ON NEW YEAR'S DAY, COOK BLACK-EYED PEAS WITH A PENNY FROM THE
PREVIOUS YEAR AND THE FAMILY WILL HAVE A GOOD YEAR.
Where learned: FLORIDA ; PENSACOLA
GET THE PENNY FROM A SERVING OF BLACK-EYED PEAS ON NEW YEAR'S DAY
AND YOU WILL HAVE A LUCKY YEAR.
Where learned: FLORIDA ; PENSACOLA
Date learned: 01-01-1976
ALWAYS FAST ON NEW YEAR'S EVE AND THEN EAT BLACKEYED PEAS ONLY ON
NEW YEAR'S DAY AND YOUR ENTIRE YEAR WILL BE FILLED WITH GOOD LUCK.
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- December 31 New Year's Eve BELIEF -- Measure of time Year BELIEF -- Good luck |
Date learned: 11-00-1987 ; 11-00-1987
CELEBRATE NEW YEAR'S DAY BY HAVING HOG HEAD CHEESE.
ALWAYS USE THE HEAD AND EARS OF THE PIG, NEVER THE FEET AND LOWER
PARTS OF THE PIG. HOG HEAD CHEESE IS EATEN WITH CRACKERS AND SHAPED
LIKE A MEATLOAF. YOU MAKE IT BY HAND AND IT IS ALWAYS KEPT IN THE
REFRIGERATOR.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's Food Drink -- Typical menus for the various meals For meal hours, see F574.84. Special or festive meals |
Date learned: 00-00-1920 ; 11-00-1987
DURING NEW HOGIMANAY, IT IS BAD LUCK TO ENTER A HOUSE AND
NOT BE GREETED BY A PERSON WITH BLACK HAIR.
Where learned: SCOTLAND
Date learned: 07-00-1975 ; 11-00-1987
It is bad luck to let a female inside of your home first thing
on New Year's Day.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
Date learned: 00-00-1951
SERVE BLACK EYED PEAS AND CHITTLINGS ON NEW YEAR'S DAY FOR
GOOD LUCK
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's BELIEF -- Good luck |
Date learned: 10-00-1987
TO HAVE GOOD LUCK IN THE NEW YEAR DO NOT HAVE DIRTY LAUNDRY IN
YOUR HOUSE AT MIDNIGHT.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; DETROIT
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's BELIEF -- Measure of time Year BELIEF -- Good luck |
Date learned: 10-00-1987
IF YOU EAT PORK ON NEW YEAR'S DAY YOU WILL HAVE A PROSPEROUS
NEW YEAR; IF YOU EAT SOMETHING THAT SCRATCHES AT THE GROUND,
SUCH AS A CHICKEN, SO WILL YOU SCRATCH.
Where learned: MICHIGAN ; WHITMORE LAKE ; 48189
IF YOU EAT COLLARD GREENS ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE NEW
YEAR, JANUARY 1 YOU WILL PROSPER, FINANCIALLY, ALL
YEAR.
Where learned: TENNESSEE ; RIPLEY
| Subject headings: | CUSTOM FESTIVAL -- January 1 New Year's |