In this work we introduce a novel approach for lane-image pre-processing that normalizes illumination, preserves lane lines and significantly reduces image noise.  The method presented incorporates a new illumination correction  algorithm based on dual-channel homomorphic filtering principles combined with grayscale morphology to achieve dynamic range reduction, local contrast enhancement and multiplicative noise reduction. Bilateral filtering is subsequently employed to significantly smooth the image while preserving lane edges.  The resulting images are highly suitable for subsequent processing to extract and track roadway lane lines using either neural network or classical image processing techniques.  An extensive experimental study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed technique. 

Hide abstract

The discovery of antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine, saving millions of lives. However, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of antibioticresistant bacteria, posing a significant threat to public health. In the search for alternative approaches, the study of bacteriophages has gained renewed interest. Rimu, a bacteriophage isolated by Alina Gangji in 2023 from Detroit, MI, United States, using the host bacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis mc²155, has been the subject of gene annotation to better understand its genetic makeup and potential therapeutic applications. Among the genes annotated in gene blocks 1-18 and 54-72 of Rimu, several were found to have specific functions, including DNA replication and repair (gene 54, a DNA helicase), DNA recombination and repair (gene 6, a RuvC-like resolvase), phage capsid formation (genes 8, 9, 11, and 12), and tail structure (genes 14 and 17). Gene 61 (a DNA primase/helicase) and gene 63 (DNA polymerase I) further support Rimu's replicative capabilities. Interestingly, several genes in the annotated set required start codon shifts, indicating potential evolutionary changes. One notable example is gene 60, which aligned with a gene from Mycobacterium phage Oline but exhibited an additional 25 base pairs at the beginning of the sequence. Another example is gene 2, a terminase large subunit, which aligned with a gene from Mycobacterium phage Phipps but contained an extra 18 base pairs. The annotation of these gene blocks in Rimu provides valuable insights into the phage's functional capabilities and evolutionary history, paving the way for further research into its potential applications in phage therapy and the development of alternative strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Hide abstract

Our research explores the ability of fish to perform inhibitory control, a skill that has traditionally been thought to be found only in animals with larger, more complex brains. Recent studies suggest that fish, despite having smaller brains, can complete tasks that require them to inhibit behavioral responses. As part of an international collaboration testing fish cognition, we are using a version of a detour task, called the cylinder task, to test behavioral inhibition in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). In this task, fish need to swim around a clear obstacle (a cylinder) to reach a food reward, avoiding contact with the obstacle by inhibiting the urge to swim directly toward the food. Our hypothesis is that fish can demonstrate inhibitory control, similar to other vertebrates with larger brains. We believe that different fish species will show varying abilities to perform this task, with more behaviorally complex species possibly performing better. The goal of this research is to better understand how fish brains handle this kind of cognitive task, which is usually linked to more complex nervous systems. This research could change how we view cognitive abilities in animals. If fish can perform inhibitory control tasks, it could suggest that this ability is not limited to animals with large brains and may have developed independently in different species. This simple and flexible task could help us better understand cognitive functions in animals with smaller nervous systems and expand the knowledge in the field of comparative cognition.

Hide abstract

The study of bacteriophages is on the rise due to their potential for medical treatment of bacterial infections. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect specific strains of bacteria, acquire genes in their genome that dictate the phages' structure and replicability. Bacteriophage Vivum was discovered by students at the University of Detroit Mercy, and its genome is now being annotated as part of our Bioinformatics course. Gene 14 codes for a protein known as the tape measure protein (TMP), the largest protein in a bacteriophage genome. TMP determines the length of the tail of the phage, which makes it crucial for the ability to infect host bacterium. Various bioinformatic platforms such as PhagesDB, PECAAN, and NCBI BLAST, alongside many others, aid in characterizing and annotation of this gene. In using these platforms, we have analyzed Gene 14’s position and function to better understand its role in the genome of phage Vivum. Annotating this gene will enhancee our knowledge of bacteriophages alongside their potential applications to areas such as medicine and phage evolution.

Hide abstract

Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive coccus that has the ability to metabolize dietary sugars and produce lactic acid as a byproduct. The acid in the local environment of a tooth surface can cause demineralization of tooth enamel leading to caries (tooth decay). S. mutans also encodes glucosyltransferase enzymes that convert sucrose into insoluble extracellular polysaccharides, which are a vital component for biofilm formation of S. mutans and provide binding sites for other oral microorganisms, ultimately aiding in the development of dental caries. Prevention of dental caries requires routine mechanical removal of plaque biofilm to reduce the number of acid-producing bacteria, including S. mutans, near tooth surfaces. Prevention may also include the use of antiseptic or therapeutic mouthrinses to kill or remove bacteria that are difficult to reach mechanically.  The goal of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of various TheraBreath™ oral rinses compared to other commercial mouthrinses, using S. mutans as a model oral pathogen. In vitro biofilms of a type-strain of S. mutans were grown for 24 hours in the presence of sucrose. Oral rinses were added to wells and rotated at 100 rpm for 15 minutes. Six separate experiments were conducted, each with duplicate treatment wells. Following treatment, biofilms were assessed using a Live/Dead vitality stain to assess antibacterial activity and crystal violet stain to measure total biofilm remaining after treatment. Additionally, liquid killing assays were performed to determine bactericidal activity. Our findings suggest that TheraBreath™ Whitening Fresh Breath and TheraBreath™ Healthy Gums exhibit antibacterial properties against in vitro biofilms and planktonic S. mutans. TheraBreath™ Healthy Gums was the only formulation tested that had comparable bactericidal activity to other commercial brands of oral rinses.

Hide abstract

Background:

People with serious mental illness (SMI) have high rates of premature mortality primarily due to chronic physical health conditions. African Americans similarly face disparities in chronic physical health conditions. Consistent use of primary care (PC) is one strategy for addressing these disparities.

Present Study:

We present qualitative findings from a mixed-methods study of PC among persons with SMI in Detroit, Michigan. We compared participants who did and did not receive PC over a 6-month period to identify whether participants’ views or experiences contributed to the likelihood of receiving PC.

First, we explored participants’ experiences of care and hypothesized that people not receiving PC would report more negative experiences regarding trust, racial discrimination, and stigma related to mental illness.

Second, we explored potential group differences in patient-level factors of patient activation, health literacy, reasons to seek PC and alternatives to PC.

Method:

Participants were 23 African Americans (12 women, 11 men) with SMI and at least one chronic medical condition. Using purposive sampling, we recruited participants from the quantitative portion of our study who had (n = 16) and had not (n = 7) received PC over 6-months.

We conducted two in-person focus groups with women in December 2019 and February 2020 and individual virtual interviews with men in April and May 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We used inductive and deductive approaches for transcript analysis.

Findings:

Trust increased participants’ comfort with seeking PC, regardless of receipt of PC. Confidentiality affected trust in that many participants expressed concerns about or experienced confidentiality violations.

Participants generally denied having personally experienced racism or stigma related to mental illness in PC. 

Differences emerged between participants receiving or not receiving PC on the aforementioned patient-level factors. The differences highlight the importance of PC education for persons with SMI who are not receiving PC.

Hide abstract

The CDC reports yearly approximately 25,000 candidemia infections, a fungal bloodstream infection Candida albicans. This fungus forms biofilms on microbial surfaces, which are crucial for its pathogenicity. Biofilms form when yeast cell attach to a surface and then later fungal cells spread beginning the change from yeast to a filament cell. After the final step of maturation any cell that is not attached to the matrix or then released into the surrounding environment. This is precisely what causes the infections we see. This summers research focused on understanding the attachment process of Candida albicans biofilms and exploring potential drug target to inhibit this process. We looked at biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutants, using strains from the mutant library. Of particular interest was that the loss of biofilm formation in the berIA/A mutant can be restored by S. mutants, proposing a complex interaction between these two organisms.

Hide abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the use of magnification devices, specifically loupes, and ergonomic interventions among dental hygiene (DH) students in Michigan. A convenience sample was obtained during the Michigan Association of Dental Hygiene Educators conference, where an electronic survey was distributed via QR code to 117 active second-year hygiene students. The survey collected data on demographics, loupes usage, reasons for adoption or non-use, pain experiences, and perceptions of disadvantages related to loupes.

Results indicated that 59% of respondents used loupes, with the Galilean type being the most common. Reasons for loupes adoption included improved visualization (93%), enhanced posture (79%), and increased precision (71%). Cost (57%) and delayed access in educational programs (26%) were the primary barriers to use. Regarding disadvantages, cost (85%) and discomfort (22%) were notable concerns. Analysis revealed no statistically significant association between loupe use and age range or body pain, though 61% of respondents reported experiencing bodily pain.

Despite the lack of statistical significance, the findings suggest the potential role of loupes in addressing ergonomic challenges faced by DH students.

Hide abstract

In this poster, we will be promoting healthy living by discussing food security in Michigan. The central research question guiding this study is: What are the most effective strategies for reducing food insecurity in Michigan through community-driven approaches? We will define food security, explore its importance to Michigan, and discuss the various factors that influence it. By examining aspects such as local initiatives, education, and sustainable farming, we aim to demonstrate how community-driven efforts can work together to improve food access and reduce insecurity.​

Hide abstract

Background: Self-compassion interventions have evidence of improving positive psychology and wellness for healthcare professionals. Nurse educators are charged with supporting student wellbeing and mental health with an emphasis on sustainable strategies that combat increased levels of burnout currently facing the nursing workforce. Academic nurse leaders have been called to promote and contribute to an environment that enhances self-care behaviors and wellbeing. Addressing the mental health of nurses has become an ethical issue that must begin in the academic setting. Interventions to promote wellbeing and reduce burnout are needed to improve the health of nurses, counter workforce shortages, and support patient outcomes. Equipping nursing students with these skills within their formative educational process can effectively promote wellbeing and serve as a protective buffer against burnout.

Purpose: This poster will introduce the concept of self-compassion and its application as a tool to reduce burnout. An overview of results from a pilot study of a self-compassion program for pre-licensure and graduate nursing students will provide participants with a framework to implement a self-compassion intervention in the university setting.

Methods: The evidence-based Self-Compassion for Healthcare Communities course was implemented in a synchronous online format for a sample of undergraduate and graduate nursing students. Measures of self-compassion, wellbeing, burnout and program satisfaction were assessed.

Results: The pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the use of self-compassion programs with nursing students and supports the growing body of research related to self-compassion interventions. The benefit of implementing self-compassion training and feasibility findings from the pilot program will be shared.

Implications: Implications for program replication and sustainability in the university setting and other environments will be discussed with the future goal of creating a shared philosophy and common language to promote the well-being of healthcare communities.

Hide abstract

This project involves the development of an autonomous ground vehicle for the 2025 Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) using ROS2 as the primary framework for system integration and control. Odometry, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and GPS sensors are utilized to enable real-time localization and navigation in dynamic outdoor environments. To enhance state estimation accuracy, sensor fusion is performed using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), which integrates multi-sensor data while compensating for individual sensor limitations such as IMU drift, GPS errors, and odometry slippage. The modular architecture of ROS2 through the robot_localization package allows for efficient data processing, inter-process communication, and autonomous decision-making. Through this approach, improvements in real-time localization, path planning, and obstacle avoidance are achieved, addressing key challenges in IGVC and contributing to advancements in autonomous ground vehicle technology. 

Hide abstract

Putative 2-methylcitrate dehydratase (PDH1) is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial protein that participates in propionate metabolism. The PDH1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is orthologous to the human gene aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), which recent reports suggest is a regulator of immunometabolism in inflammation and infection. However, the metabolic consequences of PDH1 deletion have not yet been fully characterized.  To further explore the molecular functions of PDH1, we performed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics to compare PDH1 deletion mutant yeast to BY4741 wild-type yeast. Both intracellular and extracellular metabolite extractions were performed on yeast cultures harvested at mid-log growth phase.  The yeast extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer operated in positive ionization mode. Following untargeted feature detection and alignment, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed to detect differential features between the yeast strains. Preliminary results, which suggest the mutation has multiple potential metabolic effects, will be described.

Hide abstract

Miscarriages are very common; in fact, it is the number one reason for the loss of pregnancies. After a miscarriage, 30-50% of women experience anxiety and 10-15% experience depression, usually lasting up to four months. A miscarriage can have a major influence on a mother’s mental health, often leading to depression or some sort of post-traumatic stress disorder. Using a Phenomenological approach, a Life Story Interview will guide the interviews on women ages 20 – 40 who have experienced a miscarriage.The aims of this study are to understand the effect of loss on their lives and to explore how miscarriage(s) may affect and define who they are.

Hide abstract

The effectiveness of periodontal treatments relies on patient engagement, with patients actively partnering with dental professionals. Success depends upon compliance with home care and regular clinic visits. This research explores factors influencing compliance from a dynamic interplay of individual patient attributes and factors related to their experience of the clinic. The current project explores individual factors like health history to identify risk factors in non-compliance both in the home hygiene habits and office visit compliance. Periodontists perform a variety of procedures, including dental exams and implants. Patients may avoid proper hygiene and/or skip appointments due to reasons such as not fully understanding their treatments, dental anxiety, health problems, or other issues. Processes can be developed to increase compliance by minimizing the effects of such factors. For example, communication and social support can address fear resulting from innate stimuli and learned association and which then increases compliance. Patient management practices can be improved both for all patients and targeted at-risk subgroups. This project provides a foundation for developing such processes by examining patient data to provide and overview of patient characteristics and their relationship to compliance-related behaviors. Future investigations will focus on clinic-related factors that could interact with individual patient factors. The office environment and staff interactions, such as patient education and defining expectations during intake, can positively influence appointment compliance and contribute to better treatment outcomes. 

Hide abstract

The effectiveness of periodontal treatments relies on patient engagement, with patients actively partnering with dental professionals. Success depends upon compliance with home care and regular clinic visits. This research explores factors influencing compliance from a dynamic interplay of individual patient attributes and factors related to their experience of the clinic. The current project explores individual factors like health history to identify risk factors in non-compliance both in the home hygiene habits and office visit compliance. Periodontists perform a variety of procedures, including dental exams and implants. Patients may avoid proper hygiene and/or skip appointments due to reasons such as not fully understanding their treatments, dental anxiety, health problems, or other issues. Processes can be developed to increase compliance by minimizing the effects of such factors. For example, communication and social support can address fear resulting from innate stimuli and learned association and which then increases compliance. Patient management practices can be improved both for all patients and targeted at-risk subgroups. This project provides a foundation for developing such processes by examining patient data to provide and overview of patient characteristics and their relationship to compliance-related behaviors. Future investigations will focus on clinic-related factors that could interact with individual patient factors. The office environment and staff interactions, such as patient education and defining expectations during intake, can positively influence appointment compliance and contribute to better treatment outcomes. 

Hide abstract

Purpose: Multifocal contact lenses (MCLs), initially developed to meet the needs of presbyopic patients, are now also employed in myopia control treatments. The optical performance of MCLs, in conjunction with the eye's optical characteristics, determines the final visual outcome for the wearer. When an MCL is prescribed, the optics of the cornea's anterior surface are replaced by those of the contact lens. This study aims to assess the significance of this replacement in evaluating the overall optical quality of the combined system (Eye + MCLs).

Methods: The low and high-order aberrations of the anterior surface of the cornea, as well as the total eye aberrations, were measured in 7 subjects (14 eyes) using an OSIRIS-T (CSO) instrument. The through-focus VSOTF metric, spanning object vergences from -6.00 D to +6.00 D, was calculated for this sample while wearing MYLO lenses. This was done using a pupil segmentation method our lab recently published in Scientific Reports by Nature. Two scenarios were analyzed: one where the optical aberrations of the first corneal surface were preserved, and another where only the internal aberrations of the eye were considered. The sagittal power for the MYLO lenses used in these simulations was obtained using a NIMO (Lambda-X) device. To illustrate the impact of retaining or removing the first corneal surface aberrations, the optical quality available in front of and behind the retinal plane for 1 D and 2 D intervals was calculated for both scenarios and compared.

Results: As previously reported by other groups, corneal aberrations account for a significant portion of the eye's total aberrations. The aberrations of the cornea and the crystalline lens appear to be coupled to optimize the eye's optical quality. Introducing a new first surface with a contact lens minimizes corneal aberrations but disrupts this coupling with internal aberrations. The variations in optical quality in front of and behind the retina were found to be an order of magnitude larger between subjects than within a single subject. The primary factor driving this intersubject variability was pupil size.

Conclusions: When simulating the optical quality of multifocal contact lenses, it is best practice to include only the internal aberrations of the eye. However, the most significant difference in the optical behavior of multifocal contact lenses will be created by the distribution of sagittal power along their optical profiles. In cases where there are abrupt variations in the amount of addition as a function of the contact lens radius, such as with the MYLO lens, pupil size—not optical aberrations—will be the primary factor determining the final optical quality provided by the eye + contact lens system for any given working distance.

Hide abstract

Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect and replicate within bacteria. Currently, 10^31 bacteriophages are known to exist. Bacteriophage Vivum was discovered by students at the University of Detroit Mercy, and its genome is now being annotated as part of our Bioinformatics course. Our phage Vivum was discovered in compost in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and it’s genome was sent to the University of Pittsburgh Bacteriophage Institute to be sequenced. We are currently using different databases, including PECAAN, GeneMark, AND BlastP, to annotate the position and function of each gene in the phages’ genome. We decided to focus on a structural protein, capsid maturation protease, which is typically located on the left arm of the phage genome. Capsid proteins are essential for all phages, as they enclose and protect the DNA used to infect hosts. We found one of these capsid proteases in Gene 4, which was supported by Blasts from PhagesDB and NCBI as well as hits from HHPred. Research on bacteriophages is important to the development of biotechnology and healthcare treatment. By identifying these proteins and finding their functions, we hope to uncover potential applications in phage engineering and understand how gene enzymes contribute to the assembly of the capsid. This can help to open the door for modified bacteriophages or phage tools.

Hide abstract

Anthropogenic activities can negatively impact freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater aquatic systems contain a variety of toxins such as heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, plastics, and algal toxins. Crayfish are an abundant aquatic species that are differentially exposed to aquatic pollutants in their environment. They serve as a bioindicator species for pollution exposure and are a keystone species, meaning they play a pivotal role in the aquatic food web, transferring energy from the benthic to pelagic zones of the aquatic environment. Both the herbicide atrazine and the algal toxic microcystin-LR are known to be neurotoxins and are both found in the aquatic environment in areas where crayfish are found. In this experiment, we exposed crayfish to atrazine (10 ppb), microcystin-LR (10 ppb), or a combination of both (10 ppb of both) and examined olfactory sensory neurons using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay to determine if they contained any DNA damage. Understanding the impacts of exposure to herbicides and algal toxins on neurons and potential neuron death is important for determining if exposure impacts chemoreception of important odors like food, mate, predators, and alarm cues. Further, understanding combinatorial effects is important for determining if multiple subacute exposures can have additive, negative neurological impacts.

Hide abstract

This research report presents a study of cannabidiol (CBD) products completed within CHM 2250 Organic Chemistry I Lab. This report has two (2) components: my experience as a sophomore in the Fall 2023 of CHM 2250 in the lab, and as a junior in the Winter of 2024 focusing on data analysis from four semesters of student research completed in CHM 2250. In the first semester, commercially available products claiming amounts of CBD were chosen as products to assess the possible presence and properties of CBD using a variety of analytical techniques such as Beam’s test, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and advanced spectroscopy methods to study the structure, composition and properties of any molecule found. In the second semester, data from previous semesters were gathered and organized into a spreadsheet and were evaluated to show trends and insights on CBD product variability and experimental results. In addition to documenting my experiences and analysis of data, I reviewed problems encountered and obtained insights, making recommendations for enhancing experimental procedures and improving data gathering techniques during Winter 2024. During the summer of 2024, I focused on refining the course's learning outcomes,and exploring simpler and more costeffective methods to replace techniques used in CHM 2250. Overall, this report gives a picture of the research process, from hands-on experimentation to data analysis, providing valuable perspectives for the crucial need of future CBD research.

Hide abstract

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, delivers cytotoxic Yop proteins to host cells, thus preventing phagocytosis and clearance by innate immune cells like neutrophils. Neutrophils are known to be a prime target for Yop delivery during in vivo infections.

Given the critical nature of this host-pathogen interaction for Yop delivery, the goal of our work is to understand the role of different bacterial and host proteins in this process. Three surface adhesins of Y. pestis can contribute to Yop delivery, Ail, Pla (plasminogen activator) and Psa (pH 6 antigen). Using a fluorescent reagent to detect Yop delivery, we find Ail, Pla and PsaA can all contribute to Yop delivery to HL-60 cells in the presence of human serum, a component added to mimic Y. pestis infections in host tissues.

Infection of the human epithelial cell line (Hep-2 cells) have a different profile regarding which adhesins play a critical role in Yop delivery, with Ail being the dominant adhesin for Yop delivery to Hep-2 cells.

Lack of Yop delivery to neutrophils by Y. pestis adhesin mutants is reflected in the ability of neutrophils to more efficiently kill the ail- and ail-pla-psaA- mutants due to their inability to inhibit phagocytosis and degranulation, two processes that allow neutrophils to kill bacteria.

Hide abstract

Detroit has faced multiple damaging flood events throughout its history, particularly due to urban planning mistakes made in the past that no longer align with its location. This thesis proposes reconnecting natural hydrological systems by redirecting flood runoff to reconstructed marshes and wetlands through a series of creeks and ponds, providing an equitable urban environment for residents to live and flourish within their communities. This thesis was inspired by multiple works, significantly two projects: Bloody Run Creek and Renewing Low-Density projects, both by the Detroit Collaborative Design Center, and publications by Abas Shkembi titled "Redlined Neighborhoods in Detroit..." and another publication by Larson et al. titled "Recurrent Home Flooding in Detroit...". This thesis aims to address the intersection of flood resilience and equity in urban environments, posing key inquiries that include the economic potential of restoring urban wetlands and water streams on vacant lots, the implications of rezoning policies for parks and wetlands, and practical approaches to restoring wetlands in residential areas without displacing residents. Additionally, considerations are given to the balance of blue and green infrastructure, strategies for water and soil remediation, suitable plant species for flooded and polluted environments, and the integration of various infrastructures to manage water systems effectively. The study delves into the significance of indigenous perspectives on land and nature in future design, and the potential contributions of urban wetland restoration to community well-being alongside recreational opportunities. The study employs a multifaceted approach involving mapping of current and historical data linked to flood causations, site analysis of the Boynton neighborhood, visual ethnography using photos of the site compared to mapped data, interviews of professionals, and animated projection of interview findings over a 3D layered map of the Boynton neighborhood, and urban design proposal. Amid the exploration of flood causations and mitigation strategies, some findings arose. It is possible to achieve the restoration of nature’s balance through connecting different natural cycles and harmonious relationships between living organisms and the elements of the Earth. Some inspired green and blue strategies to mitigate floods include using riparian buffers near rivers and water streams, decreasing the size of sewer sectional areas by daylighting creeks, and restoring wetlands that filter air, soil, and water from acid rain and sewer pollutants by using ponds and native vegetation. To dismantle the systematic environmental injustices in Detroit and to have a flourishing future from all angles (economically, socially, and environmentally), it is important to fix past mistakes by restoring nature’s balance and continuing to maintain it. In conclusion, flood resiliency is a continuous process needs to be accomplished on both regional and communal levels.

Hide abstract

Minoxidil is commonly used to treat hair loss, but recent studies suggest it may have effects on estrogen-related pathways. Some research indicates that minoxidil could influence estrogen receptor α (ERα) activity, which plays a role in breast cancer cell growth. This study aims to explore whether minoxidil affects ERα and how it impacts breast cancer cell proliferation. To test this, we used cell proliferation assays and computational docking studies to analyze how minoxidil interacts with ERα. Our results suggest that minoxidil binds to ERα and may alter breast cancer cell growth. These findings could help us better understand minoxidil’s broader effects beyond its use in hair growth treatments.

Hide abstract

Solitary bees are important for functioning ecosystems because they are better pollinators than social bees (e.g., honeybees, bumble bees, et cetera), even in urban environments.  In 2020, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) established a 0.4 hectare forbs-dominated meadow in Palmer Park, Detroit, MI, to support bee biodiversity.  This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the park’s habitat restoration efforts.  Alfalfa leafcutter bees (Megachile rotundata), a solitary bee species, were introduced in two locations, the forbs meadow and the regenerating prairie within the park’s disc golf course.  To assess the reproduction efforts of the leafcutter bees, reeds within bee nesting boxes were collected, to evaluate the types of plants used by M. rotundata to build cocoons.  Surprisingly, several reeds from the forb meadow contain larvae within cells created by hard septa but did without leaf-covered cocoons.  DNA barcoding with the chloroplast rbcL encoding sequences was to identify the types of plants utilized by the bees.  Preliminary results indicated that the bees preferred cutting leaves from Rhamnus sp. (buckthorn) and the hard septa were made from Apocynum sp. (dogbane).  These results suggest that the bee refuge established by USFWS did not provide all of the resources needed by leafcutter bees.  In the future, seed mixes used to create bee refuges should contain appropriate species for leaf cutting such as dogbane.

Hide abstract

This project considers the development of a novel image preprocessing method designed specifically for improving lane detection in autonomous driving systems. The goal is to pre-process road images, so they become clearer and more suitable for the advanced algorithms that help self-driving cars understand their surroundings. This work focuses on combining two key techniques, homomorphic and bilateral filtering.  The first addresses  the problem of inconsistent lighting which can hide vital lane-line features and prevent successful thresholding. The second removes noise while retaining lane edge details. The success of this method could significantly boost the performance of neural network-based lane detection technologies, which are proving essential for the operation of autonomous vehicles.

Hide abstract

Background: Oral diseases continue to be a major public health concern globally, necessitating the development of comprehensive oral health initiatives. Comprehensive care includes health education strategies that highlight the importance of disease prevention. Bacteria are central to most oral diseases, yet few studies have explored the potential impact of including specifics of microbial pathogenesis on oral health education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if integration of microbiology-focused instructions and activities improve oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors.

Methods: A pre-test/post-test experimental study was conducted among undergraduate life-science students. Upon randomization, students were allocated to the control group (n=35) who received Standard Oral Hygiene Instructions (SD-OHI) and to the experimental group (n=40) who received Microbiology-focused Oral Hygiene Instructions (MICRO-OHI). Questionnaires were given to each group before and after the educational intervention for measurement of changes in oral health behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge.   

Results: Descriptive statistics were performed on the pre-test/post-test responses for SD-OHI and MICRO-OHI. Both groups showed improved responses on items related to oral health behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge after educational intervention. Items related to the microbiology of dental disease had significant improvement in the MICRO-OHI group (p<0.05) compared to the SD-OHI group (p=0.50) measured using the McNemar-Bowker test. Qualitative analysis of responses to “Why should we brush our teeth?” revealed that a higher percentage of MICRO-OHI added emphasis on bacteria/biofilm removal in their responses compared to SD-OHI.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that both methods of instruction increased health-promoting responses after intervention and that the addition of microbiology-focused instructions has the potential to uniquely augment comprehensive oral healthcare strategies.                                                                    

Keywords: Oral Health Education (OHE), Oral Health Knowledge (OHK)

Hide abstract

This research examines the impact of Daylight-Saving Time (DST) transitions on traffic accidents in the United States from 2016 to 2023 using a comprehensive accident dataset. The analysis focuses on the date and time of the accident, its severity, and how it compares to traditional factors such as sunrise and sunset times, weather conditions, location history, and road features. The goal is to assess whether the shift in time correlates with an increased accident risk. A statistical analysis is conducted to determine the average accident frequency, severity levels, and contributing conditions before and after the DST transition, assuming all external factors remain constant. By examining changes in mean values and potential deviations, this research aims to provide insights into whether DST exacerbates accident risks due to circadian rhythm disruptions and altered daylight hours.

Hide abstract

The purpose of this study was to show the effectiveness of Arestin in improving probing depths and decreasing bleeding on probing in patients after non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP). A total of 150 randomly selected periodontal patients from the University of Detroit Mercy Dental who had Arestin placed after non-surgical periodontal therapy were selected. Data collected included, age, gender, smoking and diabetic status, arch and tooth number, probing depth and bleeding status at each site. Probing depth and bleeding on probing were assessed prior to and after Arestin placement. Parametric data were analyzed using unpaired and paired t-tests, ANOVA and linear regression. Categorical data were analyzed with Chi-square. Significance was based on a p-value <0.05. The study found a significant reduction in probing depths overall after Arestin placement (p < 0.0001) and improvement in bleeding on probing (p<0.001). Males had significantly greater probing depth reduction than females (p =0.01). No differences were noted in probing depths by age, smoking or diabetes status (p<0.05). Arestin led to a significant reduction in bleeding on probing and improvement in probing depths, indicating substantial improvements in periodontal health. In conclusion, in this group of randomly selected patients, Arestin significantly improved probing depths among males and bleeding on probing in males and females.

Hide abstract

Climate change Climate change has far-reaching effects on human health, influencing it in various ways. This includes increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Extreme weather events can cause injuries and premature deaths. Food- and water-borne illnesses like diarrhea, cholera, and other infections. Mental health threats induced by climate-related disasters, displacement, and uncertainty can impact mental health. Climate change alters the habitat and behavior of disease-carrying this contributes to the spread of diseases like Lyme disease and West Nile Virus. Climate change can increased violent crime rates. Additionally, overall poor mental health can result from the stressors associated with climate-related disruptions.

Hide abstract

Background: Dental anxiety significantly impacts oral health outcomes and care-seeking behavior. This study investigated the relationships between dental anxiety levels and demographic factors among adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) through social media platforms. Seventy participants completed the survey. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-tests to examine relationships between anxiety levels and demographic variables.

Results: The study revealed that dental procedures such as drilling and local anesthetic injections caused the highest anxiety levels (Means = 3.49 and 3.43, respectively), with females reporting significantly higher anxiety scores (Mean = 16.26) than males (Mean = 13.45, p = 0.046). 

These findings emphasize the importance of interventions tailored to reduce dental anxiety, ultimately improving patient care and promoting consistent dental attendance.

Hide abstract

Background & Purpose: Historically, personality assessments have emphasized trait-level categorical diagnoses as defined by the DSM-5, often overlooking the broader implications of personality functioning on interpersonal dynamics. According to interpersonal theory (Sullivan, 1953), a comprehensive understanding of personality requires the examination of interpersonal relationships. Dimensional models of personality seek to address this gap by incorporating interpersonal relatedness into the personality assessment framework. However, despite this advancement, there is little research on how effectively each model predicts interpersonal outcomes, particularly within clinical settings. This study bridges this gap by investigating the clinical utility of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-BF) and the DSM-5 Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire (DLOPFQ) in how effectively these tools capture and predict interpersonal challenges.

Method: The sample comprised 140 outpatients (103 females, 37 males, mean age = 47.79, SD = 13.32) from Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Internal Medicine clinics. The PID-5-BF assessed the five DSM domains of personality pathology, while the DLOPFQ evaluated levels of functioning across personal and interpersonal facets. Interpersonal relatedness was measured by the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) for attachment, the Relationship Profile Test (RPT) for dependence, and the Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal Scale (RISC) for interconnectedness.

Results: The DLOPFQ and PID-5 scores supported our hypothesis and echoed interpersonal theory, demonstrating that higher levels of personality dysfunction were consistently linked to greater interpersonal difficulties. Regarding attachment, fearful-avoidance was linked to issues with intimacy and detachment, highlighting that these individuals both desire yet avoid closeness due to fear that others will hurt them. Dismissive-avoidance was marginally associated with detachment, indicating a slight pattern of emotional disengagement, though not strongly predictive of broader personality traits. As expected, those with secure attachments demonstrated healthy intimacy and a lack of emotional withdrawal. Surprisingly, anxious attachment showed no unique variance concerning the personality measures, suggesting a complex interplay not fully captured by current assessments.

Regarding dependence, destructive over-dependence was predicted by higher levels of negative affectivity and impairment in identity and self-directedness. This suggests that individuals prone to emotional distress, lacking agency, or with a poorly defined sense of self are more likely to become overly reliant on others to compensate for internal instability. Conversely, dysfunctional detachment, or the desire to maintain distance from others, was predicted by high levels of detachment and antagonistic personality traits with trends toward identity disturbances. This suggests that people who tend to avoid closeness, and those with a pattern of hostility and manipulativeness, are more likely to struggle to form and maintain close relationships. These traits also often accompany a fragmented or unstable sense of self, further complicating their interpersonal dynamics. Healthy interdependence, on the other hand, was associated with the capacity for intimacy, but issues with empathy. This indicates that individuals who value interconnectedness have close and meaningful relationships, but might not be oriented toward empathic understanding within those relationships.

Significance & Conclusion: This study provides insight into how both dimensional and categorical models can inform psychologists' understanding of attachment, dependence, and interpersonal challenges in clinical populations.

Hide abstract

 Problem or Purpose: Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (cPTSD) results from severe, repeated, and inescapable trauma often of an interpersonal nature (Karatzias & Levendosky, 2019). Research suggests that this kind of trauma exposure results in symptoms characteristic of PTSD with the addition of disturbances in self-organization (DSO), characterized by affective dysregulation, negative self-concept, and relational difficulties (Cloitre et al., 2018; Hyland et al., 2017). However, critics question whether the addition of DSO symptoms warrants a new diagnosis (Brewin et al., 2017), which highlights the need for further investigation into DSO symptoms.

To address these gaps, this study investigates two key research questions. First, do interpersonal cognitive distortions mediate the relationship between trauma symptoms and interpersonal regulation? This research question is consistent with core assumptions of cognitive behavioral theory which posit that trauma symptoms shape not only the processing of thoughts and emotions, but also the perceptions of and interactions with others (Beck, 1976). Secondly, does DSO moderate the relationship between PTSD and interpersonal cognitions and interpersonal emotion regulation?  

Procedure: This study is currently in the data-collection phase and is expected to conclude by December 2024. Approximately 800 participants will be recruited online via Prolific and will be asked to complete the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (ICDS) to assess unrealistic relationship expectations, interpersonal rejection, and relational misperception, and the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) to determine the degree one relies on others to self-regulate. Only individuals who are trauma exposed will be included in proposed analyses.

Results: We will conduct a moderated mediation path analysis using the PROCESS macro to test our hypotheses (see Figure 1) with analyses expected to be complete by the end of 2023. We first hypothesize that higher PTSD symptoms will be associated with more distorted relational cognitions, which, in turn, will lead to increased reliance on others for emotional regulation. Further, we hypothesize that higher levels of DSO will amplify the effect of PTSD on distorted cognitions and interpersonal emotion regulation.

Conclusions and Implications: This study deepens our understanding of the interpersonal impact of DSO symptoms in a sample of trauma-exposed individuals. By examining DSO as a moderator between PTSD and interpersonal cognitive distortions and emotion regulation, this study addresses ongoing debates regarding the distinctiveness and clinical importance of cPTSD. Additionally, better understanding the relational difficulties characteristic of cPTSD could inform therapeutic interventions in this population.  

Hide abstract

Sulfonated polyether (ether) ketone (sPEEK) membranes are potential candidates for proton-transfer membranes in hydrogen fuel cells, but they degrade due to reactions with hydroxy radicals. This study uses M062X hybrid density functional calculations to explore the reactivity of sPEEK with OH radicals and H radicals in a water environment. In fuel cells, OH, H, and OOH radicals are present, with OH radicals believed to particularly contribute to degradation of sPEEK. In this investigation, reactions of sPEEK with OH and H and OOH radicals were analyzed. One type of reaction studied was abstraction of hydrogen atoms from sPEEK by OH radicals. The thermodynamics and barriers to these reactions are computed. The thermodynamics of other reactions involving the reaction of OOH, OH and H with the SO3H group were also studied.

Hide abstract

This thesis focuses on the phenomenological aspects of the interplay between shadow and light in Detroit's urban fabric. Structured around three framework concepts—experience, place, and time—derived from comprehensive literature reviews by Simon Unwin and precedent studies like Stonehenge and Park de La Villette, this investigation examines various types of shadows generated by architectural and natural elements. In Praise of Shadow, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki explores how these shadows not only define space but also contribute to the essence of a place. Central to this exploration are two key questions: Does the deliberate manipulation of an empty place to accentuate light and shadow enhance its quality? And how can natural elements such as light and shadow be harnessed to create memorable moments within Detroit’s urban environment? This thesis attempts to uncover the experiential dimension of these moments, particularly within the context of the urban meadow. This investigation uses an overall qualitative methodology to create a proposal for a Light and Shadow Meadow, that utilizes drawing, sketching, and photographing as site observations and creating physical models or installations to study how light interacts with its surroundings in Detroit. Two light and windowpane installations stand out for their beneficial impact on the design of user experiences within the urban environment. Through these installations, it became evident how sunlight tangibly influences the formation of shadows. Due to Detroit receiving a negative connotation of its lack of sunny days, these installations shaped the visual and atmospheric characteristics of buildings and urban landscapes. In essence, this study offers a revitalized perspective, emphasizing the importance of light and shadow within architectural and urban settings. Its overarching goal is to shift focus towards this often-neglected aspect, unveiling nuanced insights that enrich our understanding of Detroit's light and shadow.

Hide abstract

The duodenum, as the first part of the small intestine, is crucial in the complex process of digestion and nutritional absorption. This organ is vital in breaking down ingested food, which aids in the digestion of essential nutrients into the bloodstream. The duodenum is distinguished by its various morphological and physiological properties, including the duodenal papilla, which links to both the pancreas and the gallbladder, controlling the release of digestion enzymes and bile. Furthermore, the duodenum is distinguishable by its short length. The duodenum is in the abdominal cavity, specifically the upper abdomen, which lies distal to the stomach as the small intestine's first part. The pyloric sphincter, a muscle valve that functions as a critical step in the digestive process, separates the duodenum from the stomach. Over a seven-year study involving 89 cadavers, our research aimed to determine the measurements of the distance between the pylorus and the major papilla and the distance between the minor papilla and the major papilla. The study confirmed the anticipated 8 cm distance from the pylorus to the major duodenal papilla, consistent with prior observations. However, the 2 cm distance between the major and minor duodenal papilla is notably shorter than commonly documented in textbooks and journals. This research offers valuable insights into the precise measurements of duodenal structures. Grasping the measurements between the pylorus and the major papilla, as well as the distance between the minor papilla and the major papilla, is not only indispensable for precise medical practice but also for advancing our knowledge, improving patient care, and promoting early detection and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.

Hide abstract

Derived from my thesis paper, my poster will reflect its analysis and findings of how the media frames head injuries and trauma within the National Football League. Through an examination of 30 articles, media frames involving head injuries and trauma within the NFL will be determined as well as their influence. Within the examination, I will explain the conclusions and define the themes found throughout all articles. The importance of these frames will be identified, and the influence found throughout all articles will be explained. Overall, the poster will highlight my thesis paper, emphasizing how the media frames head injuries and head trauma within the NFL while explaining my analysis processes.  

Hide abstract

 Cannabidiol (CBD) is a prominent non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis. It ranks just behind delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in terms of prevalence (Grinspoon, 2018; Atakan, 2012). CBD is becoming more known for its potential therapeutic properties, particularly its anxiolytic effects, which refer to its ability to reduce anxiety. This compound interacts with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain, which may help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress. In this study, an in vivo experiment was conducted to assess the anxiolytic effects of CBD-stressed Sprague-Dawley male and female rats. Rats were first chronically stressed to increase depression-like and anxiety-like behavior and then administered either CBD or the vehicle, pharmaceutical-grade sesame oil. Their behavior was then observed and analyzed in several behavioral tests designed to evaluate anxiety-like behavior, such as the elevated plus maze and open field test. Although results are not yet available, it is anticipated that the data will demonstrate a significant decrease in anxiety-like behavior among the rats that received CBD compared to those given the vehicle. These findings would support the hypothesis that CBD has potential as a therapeutic agent for anxiety. Future research should further explore the therapeutic effects of CBD and its potential in reducing anxiety, stress, and related conditions.

Hide abstract

Reno-Vation is an adaptive reuse project located at Livernois Ave. on the University of Detroit Mercy’s Campus. The project addresses the question of how to bring a sense of belonging to the campus, not only for students but also faculty, staff and, surrounding neighborhood community members. The design interventions center around solving the current lack of fresh and nutritious food availability on and off campus for these communities, as well as the lack of indoor and outdoor gathering, work, and study spaces for commuter students and community members to feel welcome through effective design strategies. The final design houses a main market hall which introduces a flexible space with a permanent student kitchen space and fresh food market available for student and community use, with a surrounding landscape that invites students, staff and members of the community on all faces of the building to come together through the redefining of the UDM Campus threshold.

Hide abstract

Heat transfer experiments can be considered somewhat unexciting, since they do not involve what students consider to be usual in a chemistry class, meaning phenomena such as color changes or the formation of precipitates.  We have however found a means by which heat transfer can be measured and observed, using nothing more than rubber tubing, a thermocouple, and beakers of hot or cold water.  The experiments thus require little outlay for materials, and can be performed by students in high schools, and even junior high schools.  This seminar will discuss these heat transfer experiments, and will show links to the Michigan Science Standards / Next Generation Science Standards.

Hide abstract

Metals chemistry comes to life when low-melting alloys are made and used in the teaching laboratory.  Elemental metals such as tin, bismuth, indium, and alloys such as Wood’s metal and Onion’s metal, can teach a great deal about physical states of matter and chemical bonding.  This seminar will discuss these, will make connections between metals chemistry and art, and will show links to the Michigan Science Standards / Next Generation Science Standards.

Hide abstract

We are interested in creating molecules that are candidates for removing metal ions from water – essentially molecules that can clean polluted water.  We have found a method that uses no solvent, and is thus both inexpensive and green.  The method produces a series of syrupy or waxy materials that have proven to be reactive with ions such as silver (I), using silver (I) nitrate.  This presentation will discuss how to make this series of molecules, and will show links to the Michigan Science Standards / Next Generation Science Standards.

Hide abstract

Considering the rapid growth and incorporation of regional anesthesia (RA) techniques, nurse anesthesia (NA) programs must produce practitioners who are confident and highly skilled in the field of RA. Currently, there is room for increased hands-on learning opportunities within the University of Detroit Mercy (UDM) NA curriculum. This project aims to improve third-year NA student’s knowledge, skills, and confidence with RA techniques by developing and incorporating a cadaver-based review session (CBRS) into the curriculum. The CBRS provides students with hands-on experience to reinforce RA education by focusing on anatomical structures and ultrasound-guided techniques pertaining to interscalene and supraclavicular peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs).

Hide abstract

Bacteriophage, or better known as phage, are viruses that infect and take over bacterial cells. In this study, we annotated the isolated phage Rimu, between the two of us we focused on the genes 19-37 and genes 72-90. Surprisingly, Donovan observed that a lot of the genes between 72-90 had no known function due to them being hypothetical proteins which left only a few genes that had a function. In specific one of the genes that had a function was gene 88, which had the function of visualization, the name of this gene was HNH endonuclease. Something I also noticed was that in gene 81 it still did not have all the data drafted meaning that it was difficult to get all the information which brought Donovan to the conclusion that this is not a valid gene. As for myself, I Cornelius Harris saw that most of the genes that I looked at had some problem with them on DNA master, a big problem that I founded myself in was searching for such things like blast data or the functions for the specific parts of the genes. For instance, with gene 21 I found out that the gene had a ridiculously small query, which by no means is something new because they are all supposed to equal up to that, but it looked like it was off because there were not even any other number off to the side of it. One of the most helpful things to me while I was doing this project was my partner Donovan Blackwell, because of his carful and direct skills of navigation, because when I was looking for my ST data, I nearly missed the correct information, listed on the site. What I mean by that, is that some start and stop codons were placed out of order on certain page number ranging from page 1-2 but they were not actual correct genes at all. The correct genes were listed at the bottom of the page. Altogether most of the problems that I encountered were only results of the computer not working on the first go, a quick refresh solved that problem.

Hide abstract

TBD ( still working with PI) 

Hide abstract

This presentation is based on the note I am writing for law review.  My presentation addresses the current human traffic crisis and its intersection with transnational criminal organizations, particually foreign terrorist organizations (FTOs).  One way human trafficking and FTOs intersect is through domestic networks that provide material support to the FTOs in furtherance of their operations.  These networks facilitate human trafficking operations by offering critical services such as transportation, lodging, documentation falsification, enabling traffickers to operate with greater efficiency and reach.  Such support not only aids in the exploitation of victims but also generates significant revenue for FTOs, further empowering their operations and undermining national security.  

At the U.S.-Mexico border, Latin American Drug Cartels (“LADCs”) and other transnational organizations traffic and smuggle individuals into the U.S. using deception, coercion, and brutal force.  Their operations are fueled by extensive domestic networks—both entities and individuals—that enable the trafficking operations through financial support, forged documentation, and exploitation of legal loopholes.  Because the most lucrative stage of trafficking takes place at the destination and distribution points, traffickers have increasingly become suppliers, enablers, and users taking ownership of the businesses that exploit trafficking victims.  These businesses are not limited to agriculture, construction, manufacturing, hospitality, landscaping, and strip clubs. While domestic networks may not be directly affiliated with an LADC or a transnational organization, they provide lodging, transportation, and other services that materially support cartels or transnational organizations in furtherance of human trafficking and smuggling operations.   

On February 20, 2025, eight transnational organizations were desiganted as FTOs.  Among these organizations, the State Department designated MS-13 and Trens de Aragua along with six Mexican cartels: Cartels Unidos, Cartel de Golfo (Gulf Cartel), La Nueva Familia Michoacana, Cartel del Noreste, and Cartel de Sinaloa.  These six Mexican cartels not only control significant territories in Mexico but also exert considerable influence and “are heavily involved in the smuggling and trafficking of people across the border.”

Ultimitely, this presentation will identify the implications and benefits of such designations and their impact on domestic human trafficking opertaions.  

Hide abstract

Our poster highlights the key causes for climate change and how it is a threat to human beings and our enviornment. Climate change is linked directly to our health causeing diseases such as Valley Fever and Malaria. We highlight the causes of climate change, the carriers of diseases, and how we can prevent further damage. 

Hide abstract

Introducing the Aeroponics Companion App, a revolutionary tool designed to enhance the indoor gardening experience with the Residential Aeroponic Tower. This innovative app offers a seamless integration with the tower, providing users with real-time plant wellness information through the plant scan feature. With a live dashboard displaying the status of LED lights, water levels, and system health, users can easily monitor and maintain their garden. The app's detailed planting and harvesting guides ensure optimal growth and yield, making indoor gardening effortless and interactive. Explore the full range of benefits and features of the Residential Aeroponic Tower through this comprehensive companion app, empowering users to maximize the potential of their aeroponic growing system. 

Hide abstract

Food insecurity and rising food prices are growing concerns in Detroit, making innovative and cost-effective farming solutions more urgent than ever. Aeroponics, a soil-free farming method that delivers nutrients through mist, has the potential to reduce water usage, accelerate plant growth, and enable year-round farming, offering a scalable solution for urban agriculture. However, successful implementation depends on both technical training and economic viability.

This study examines the need for specialized training to equip urban farmers with the skills required to manage aeroponic systems effectively. Additionally, it explores the economic challenges and opportunities, including startup costs, operational expenses, potential revenue, and the impact of rising food prices on the financial sustainability of aeroponics.

Our findings emphasize that while aeroponics can increase food access and create jobs, education and financial literacy will be key in making it a scalable, profitable, and sustainable urban farming model in Detroit and beyond.

Hide abstract

Welcome to VLAB Detroit, a new business incubator in the heart of Rivertown where emerging innovators can thrive. The form, program, and building shell was derived from three drivers; engaging pedestrian traffic from the Riverwalk and the Dequindre Cut, optimizing space usage, and showcasing a multi-zone terrace that caters to each season’s climate.

We began our process with site visits, followed by pedestrian, vehicular, and climate analyses to inform our preliminary spatial planning. These analyses aided us in understanding how to add to the character of the Rivertown district and create an extension for community interaction.

The following phase focused on incorporating our initial ideas into a functioning infrastructure that boasts high-performing building systems, technologies, and design. Understanding the climate and community interaction allowed us to integrate PV/T panels and a fresh façade approach to passively combat glare.

We utilized cove.tool, a location-specific simulation software, which aided us in obtaining a sustainable target through building systems, materiality, and form. Cove.tool allowed us to be continuously focused on creating a decarbonized future though our design.

One of our key drivers was engaging pedestrian traffic from the Riverwalk and the Dequindre Cut, and we are proud to showcase that we achieved this goal by creating a “hub” through a cantilevered sheltered entrance, and a terrace with skyline and water views. There are many opportunities for the public to engage with their community and their city.

The design of VLAB embraces the spirit of the Rivertown neighbourhood and its future framework plan. Exemplifying functionality, comfort and sustainability, VLAB proves to be the solution to modern workplace needs.

Hide abstract

The Entrepreneurship Association (EA) has successfully launched the EA Café, a non-profit student-run coffee cart, at the University of Detroit Mercy. The EA Café was launched to fulfill the need for quality, conveniently available, and reasonably priced coffee and refreshments on campus. This business venture allows students to learn about entrepreneurship and gain work experience while positively contributing to campus life. The EA Café was launched after a successful proof of concept through funding awarded to the EA as an inaugural recipient of the Titan Innovation Fund. This funding allowed us to meaningfully invest in our business venture and purchase essential equipment, items, and materials. We collaborated with the Mechanical Engineering Capstone class to build a coffee cart to meet the needs of the EA Café. These improvements allowed the EA Café to operate professionally and efficiently. After just one year of launching our venture, the EA Café became profitable and we were able to donate our profits to the Center for Social Entrepreneurship on campus to help fund educational opportunities and loans for local entrepreneurs in the city of Detroit. The EA Café is now open twice a week and is a vendor at many of the major events on campus. 

Hide abstract

Myrosinase activity in broccoli glucosinolates has been discussed in the past. Current studies on cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli, have gained significance in the fight against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Glucosinolates in broccoli transformation into sulforaphane occur after its exposure through chewing. However, the relationship between individual chewing patterns and age has not been extensively studied. Research on human digestion has demonstrated how the mechanical breakdown of larger food particles into smaller ones is a precursor to chemical breakdown. This study is a comparative analysis of how age impacts the chewing of broccoli tissues by different individuals, which enables the enzyme myrosinase chemical breakdown of broccoli glucosinolates. Lastly, we investigate the myrosinase activity of regular versus organic broccoli.

Keywords: Broccoli, Chewing, Glucosinolates, Myrosinase, Age

Hide abstract

Reading achievement in the United States continues to fall below expected levels despite a strong focus on reading intervention implementation across the country. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the implementation of evidence-based reading interventions including factors that facilitate or impede high-quality implementation. Social validity is one factor believed to influence intervention implementation and yet is an overlooked element in educational research. This research synthesis explored social validity measurement in reading intervention research from 2011 to 2022 in three high-impact journals that frequently publish reading intervention research.  Results suggest a small percentage of articles reported on social validity, and methods to evaluate social validity varied.

Hide abstract

Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness interventions facilitate emotion regulation. Neuroimaging studies implicate the frontoparietal cortex (FPC) in this. We introduce an EEG case study of mindfulness in an individual (DD) who has had encephalomalacia of the right FPC, since 1984. DD is a 40-year-old female presenting with cortical scarring around F8/F4, C4/T4, and P4/T6.  She experiences body tensing events, migraines, atypical seizures, and syncopal events. DD's emotion regulation ability will be quantified by the DIFFICULTIES IN EMOTION REGULATION QUESTIONAIRE. Utilizing a single case design, EEG will be recorded in four phases per session: Baseline, Mild Stressor, Mindfulness Intervention, Post-task Resting. The UNSOLVABLE ANAGRAM TASK, and the TRIER MENTAL CHALLENGE TEST will serve as mild stressors. The mindfulness intervention is based on a short-term mindfulness practice.  Single case analyses (e.g., percentage of non-overlapping data points across phases) will be utilized to determine possible effects of mindfulness intervention. We expect only DD’s healthy left FPC to demonstrate typical shifts in brain oscillations across the phases (e.g. increase in alpha power with mindfulness). Typical shifts will be validated using an age-matched healthy female. DD’s rare case allows us to assess the purported importance of FPC to emotion regulation.

Hide abstract

As climate change accelerates, environmental challenges and our conventional building methods often fail to provide affordable and sustainable solutions for vulnerable communities. The primary objective of this research is to identify and analyze innovative, low-cost materials that not only reduce construction expenses but also improve the durability and sustainability of structures. Through a comparative analysis of various materials and buildings this study will evaluate their performance in the local Detroit area. The expected outcome is a comprehensive framework that allows architects and clients to make data-informed decisions, ultimately trying to simply reduce the carbon emissions in the construction process, while ensuring economic viability. This work aims to contribute to the discourse on sustainable architecture and climate-adaptive design utilizing sustainable materials to new construction projects.

Hide abstract

One of the most prominent abilities needed in architectural education is creative thinking and problem-solving skills for the modernized world. In architectural education creativity and innovation are exciting aspects for many aspiring students but there is a distinct mystery and disconnect concerning what creativity is and how it can be encouraged and supported among students. Relying on the background of creative scholars like Ken Robinson, Tim Brown, and George Land and educational scholars like John Dewey and David Kolb the basis for this research was conducted. Creativity in this research is defined as, “to imagine and explore, to bring forth new ideas or products in a generative way with thoughtful consideration that connects to human experience.” This investigation focuses on developing a theoretical educational model for an experience-based creative education. In architectural education, it can easily be pinpointed where evidence of creative behavior happens frequently, being the architectural studio. The design studio is often prioritized and valued as more important or prestigious leaving other classes overlooked. This occurs for many reasons, but a primary one is that they typically exhibit a different pedagogy focus in theory and rote-based learning. This study asserts that creative studio pedagogy can serve as the basis for all architectural education. Therefore understanding what makes the studio a conduit for this behavior and what can be improved and critiqued is vital. 

This investigation seeks to understand how creativity can be guided and supported in an architectural college education. Further, this study looks to evaluate how creative studio pedagogy can be integrated and fostered within all architectural educational classes by evaluating and analyzing the studio environment. The methodology utilized in this research included interviews with students, professors, and those in similar professions, observations of student behaviors, and activities in the classroom. A creative workshop was curated in which students utilized creative thinking with a hands-on activity and a final methodology was a studio curriculum analysis of the University of Detroit Mercy School of Architecture and Community Development. The findings from this study show that architecture students are typically drawn to the more kinesthetic methods of learning (ie.., learning by doing, while physically active). Additionally, it was found that creative behavior is often associated with process-driven iterative productions, which are influenced by peer interactions and experiential opportunities such as workshops and field trips. In a continually shifting world with unknowns and speculations about the future, opportunities to be creative are critical to an innovative society.

Hide abstract

Bacteriophage is a virus that targets bacteria, using the host’s cells to replicate itself. Bacteriophage Vivum was discovered by students at the University of Detroit Mercy, and its genome is now being annotated as part of our Bioinformatics course. It was isolated from a soil sample collected from Ann Arbor, Michigan. Vivum belongs to the Siphoviridae family in cluster F and was isolated using the host Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. By employing various gene annotation tools, including PECAAN, Phamerator, PhagesDB, and NCBI databases, we identified that gene 18 encodes a minor tail protein. PhagesDB indicates that while some of the top hits had unknown functions, most of the phages has similarly structured minor tail proteins in their genome. Additionally, the 489 members of the pham and the NCBI BLASTp tool revealed that the top 100 sequences had their function as minor tail protein. The phage minor tail protein is involved in the assembly of the tail of the bacteriophage, which helps host recognition. We have analyzed this gene’s position and function to better understand its role in the genome of phage Vivum.

Hide abstract

FRAMEWORK is a forward-thinking Innovation Center that merges technology, sustainability, and collaboration to support innovators in Detroit’s Rivertown neighborhood. To accomplish this, the project is designed with four main drivers: resilience, intrigue, interconnect, and immerse. Research methodologies that were conducted via iterative testing, case studies, and contextual analysis were integral to the success of the project.  

To create a resilient building, the climate and orientation of the site must be heavily considered. Detroit has a mixed climate which includes extremely cold winters and warmer summers, and research anticipates the climate to become even warmer. One of the key systems utilized in FRAMEWORK as a response to the climate is solar gain: optimizing the south sun in the winter while reducing it in the summer. This response also goes together with natural daylighting strategies. FRAMEWORK’s location at the intersection of Atwater Street and Dequindre Cut creates hybrid-facing boundaries, so iterative testing was conducted with simulation software which investigated both window placement and shading device dimensions. Each facade shows a different iteration which responds best to its orientation. Then, materiality enhances performance: interior concrete pathways absorb glare and store thermal energy, while LUXWALL Enthermal Plus glazing reduces heat transfer year-round. 

As the Detroit Rivertown is moving to be pedestrian-focused, FRAMEWORK responds to this intention by intriguing the surrounding, walking population. The facades of the building should not intimidate but appear approachable and inviting. Case studies were conducted followed by a series of iterations of massing, program, and facade design. The project utilizes a massing that connects to the Dequindre Cut via rooftop courtyards which scales down the size of the building. Programming and facade iterations revealed a very accessible—visually and physically—ground floor promoted engagement with the pedestrian-active Dequindre Cut on the west-most boundary.   

As the Detroit Rivertown is moving to be pedestrian-focused, FRAMEWORK responds to this intention by intriguing the surrounding, walking population. The facades of the building should not intimidate but appear approachable and inviting. Case studies and context analyses were conducted, followed by a series of iterations of massing, program, and facade design. As an incubator space, the program has been established to promote cross-circulation and collaboration for various groups and purposes. The project utilizes a massing that connects to the Dequindre Cut via rooftop courtyards, scaling down the size of the building. Programming and facade iterations revealed a highly accessible—visually and physically—ground floor that promotes engagement with the pedestrian-active Dequindre Cut along the west-most boundary. 

The final product is a building with structural efficiency while providing an adaptable environment. FRAMEWORK is where startups, researchers, and established industry professionals can exchange knowledge, leverage shared resources, and engage with government entities to address critical challenges in the building sector. Research on contemporary high-performance architecture, contextually aware projects, and low-carbon building strategies has informed every design decision, ensuring a space that prioritizes sustainability, productivity, and social interaction. 

Hide abstract

Commercial corridors play an important role in any city by creating business opportunities, attracting people, and serving as cultural centers for the community. A key part of these corridors is their cultural identity, which makes them stand out and helps people connect with these spaces on a personal level. This thesis looks at the cultural aspects of commercial corridors, focusing on how they contribute to the economic and population growth of these areas, especially in Southeast Michigan. The main questions guiding this research are: why is it important to keep the cultural identity of commercial corridors, and what are the main elements of a successful commercial corridor? Research for this study was done through a mix of site visits, surveys, and observations to identify cultural elements and see how they affect the success of these cultural centers. The result was a booklet to help others study commercial corridors. Findings show that keeping cultural identity helps both economic growth and community involvement, and that balancing development with cultural preservation is key to creating successful corridors. This work provides insights for anyone involved in designing or updating these spaces, highlighting the importance of blending economic, cultural, and design factors to ensure long-term success.

Hide abstract

• Operating at a scale in which levels of variability may be considered negligible, residential architecture remains bound and tethered to a set of hardened principles, as practice becomes increasingly homogenized, and patterns begin to repeat themselves.  Universal workflows, methodologies, and organizational structures proven effective and profitable, have served as the model through which the design, development, and materialization of American homes have followed, and continue to prevail today.  Throughout the development of these standards, subtle process improvements relevant to case, or industry specific circumstances, offer slight shifts or sequence improvements, and are either implemented or ignored, dependent upon their reception to those whom they are meant to assist, and their ability to fit within a primary framework.  While pre-established methods remain relatively productive, with widespread use across the architecture, engineering, and construction industries, common missteps and inefficiencies continue to present themselves.  Meanwhile, the ever-growing and rapidly progressing technological advancements developing across the world, implemented, and embraced by others, are beginning to suggest the potential for a radically different set of ideologies and logic through which the practice of design and build may be structured.  Unprecedented levels of accessibility, and an expanding compatibility between various digital platforms and interfaces, suggest that wholesale interdisciplinary shifts might be coming, the implications of which are just beginning to come forward, with many yet to be discovered.

Hide abstract

The relationship between a community and their built environment are essential to foster a prosperous growth. The physical development of neighborhoods has a vital impact on the people within its boundaries. Residents in the vicinity of the University of Detroit Mercy have been longing for a landmark representative of their neighborhood. On the corner of McNichols and Livernois, lies 16921, a space currently barren and bleak. However, this adaptive reuse project aims to serve as a unifying purpose for community members and students alike, creating a greater connection between campus and community. The resurgence of the building across the campus will provide a space for conversing among peers and promote learning in a comfortable environment for people of all ages to thrive in.

Hide abstract

The spaces we inhabit are expressive of individual and collective identity. This thesis investigation recenters our priorities as designers to foster a sense of belonging, achieving the full potential of human dwelling. The comprehensive goal of this study is to advocate for a human centered design approach. Through collective narratives and stories from individuals a visual representation is created, resulting in the development of an architectural and experiential case study. This design tool will then be a resource for future design initiatives on public dwelling. This thesis investigation explores how semi-public physical space molds to a personal collective identity. By conducting this research, it dives into understanding how to design unified places for a multitude of individuals. The implemented research methods were forms of felicitation through public engagement. The activities invited participants to merge the gap between everyday habits and the physical fabric by sharing their unique perspective on dwelling spaces they inhabit. The outcome of the collective engagement studies proposes a model for a human centered design approach. When applying this framework throughout the design process it will strengthen the selected community and longevity of the space itself. The findings of this thesis reveal a unified perspective on belonging, emphasizing the intrinsic connection between human behavior and the spatial realm through the experience of dwelling. This research highlights how architecture shapes and reflects cultural identity, demonstrating the vital role of human-centered design in fostering meaningful spaces and long-term community resilience.

Hide abstract

In this age of Industry 4.0, technological changes are happening at an exponential pace. While industry is adapting, the academic world remains mired in the legacy of the second industrial revolution characterized by mass production, standardization, and process efficiency whereas the need of the day is flexibility, personalization, adaptability, and inclusivity. Published research clearly shows the following trends in STEM (and particularly in engineering): 1) The demand for STEM jobs will continue to outpace the supply of STEM workers, 2) It is difficult to predict when and what type of new STEM careers will emerge in the near future, and 3) Over time, systemic racism and structural deficiencies in the educational ecosystem resulted in the exclusion of African Americans, women, and other minority groups from engineering.

Last year this group received a Titan innovation Fund Award to develop and launch a pilot program to build a path through the engineering ecosystem that is diverse, nurturing, equitable, and inclusive with the following objectives:

• Include students who struggle or are shut out by the current system.
• Ensure all who wish to study and practice engineering can be successful.
• Transform the engineering program/college to a “student-ready” philosophy, rather than expecting all students to be “college-ready.”
• Replace punitive assessment schemes with growth focused assessment.
• Create a new pathway to “weave students in” rather than “weed them out.”
• Train engineers to be life-long learners.

This presentation will focus on the status of this project and the progress we have made.   

(“This project is made possible in part by the Titan Innovation Fund”.)

Hide abstract

The core of our shared experiences can be found in the variety of urban life, where human behavior interacts with diverse urban environments. As the scale of cities continues to grow, the need to prioritize people in urban development becomes more and more significant, challenging the conventional emphasis on physical elements. This thesis delves into the complex relationship of psychology, social dynamics, and the built environment, bringing insight into the various elements of urban life.  

This thesis introduces the 'elements of density' framework, which is a fresh methodology. This framework—Scale, Proximity, Senses, Cores, Third Places—allows for a comprehensive understanding of urban life, including its social, psychological, and physical components. These elements have the ability to determine and influence our perceptions, comprehension, and experiences of everything around us. Learning and analyzing the work of notable urbanists such as Kevin Lynch and Jane Jacobs, it challenges the psychological underlying urban attachment, recognizing the nuanced relationship of nostalgia and perception in shaping our urban environments.  

Through an in-depth investigation and involvement with multiple experiences, this research aims to encourage the development of vibrant cities. This multidisciplinary analysis is intended to improve the understanding of the complex elements of urban living and function as a tool to enhance the way we live in cities.  

Hide abstract

Background: Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to impairments in emotion processing such as alexithymia (difficulties identifying, describing, and expressing one’s own emotions), and receptive skills in perception and memory for others’ emotions. These impairments have been demonstrated primarily using questionnaires and experimental tasks. Little research has examined the extent to which these impairments relate to real-world interpersonal outcomes, such as companionship. We hypothesized that alexithymia would be inversely related to companionship, and objective abilities in perception and memory for emotions would be positively related to companionship. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that the relationship of companionship to receptive skills (perception accuracy and delayed memory for emotions) would be moderated by level of alexithymia. 

Method: Participants included 119 adults: 51 with moderate-to-severe TBI, and 68 neurologically-healthy comparisons (NHC). Participants completed the PROMIS Companionship and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) questionnaires, as well as a computerized task assessing perception and delayed recall of facial emotion, the Facial Recognition and Memory for Emotion (FRAME). 

Results: Independent-sample t tests indicated the TBI group showed significantly greater alexithymia and impairments in emotion perception and memory for emotions than NHC. Within the TBI group, alexithymia and companionship showed strong inverse correlation. Among NHC, inverse correlations were also observed between alexithymia and companionship; however, solely in the aspect of difficulty identifying feelings. Neither TBI nor NHC demonstrated linear associations between companionship and emotion perception or memory for emotion. However, as predicted, alexithymia and cognitive status moderated the relationship between memory for emotions and companionship: Adults with TBI who also experienced alexithymia showed a positive correlation between FRAME emotion recall and companionship. Unexpectedly, NHC with low levels of alexithymia showed an inverse correlation between FRAME emotion recall and companionship. 

Conclusions: Among adults with TBI and alexithymia (impaired experienced emotion), memory for others’ emotions seems especially important to maintaining companionship. In contrast, neurologically-healthy adults with high emotion-focused personalities, good memory for emotion was associated with low companionship. The reason for this pattern is unknown, but it may reflect a reaction to low companionship (i.e., increased focus on emotions experienced by self and others) or a cause of it (i.e., driving others away). These findings may be useful for identifying adults at risk for low companionship and implicate future interventions to address these critical issues of psychosocial well-being.

Hide abstract

This study investigated the presence and level of alexithymia and examined the relationship between alexithymia and affect recognition abilities after acquired brain injury (ABI), accounting separately for etiology due to stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neurologically-healthy adults (NHA; n = 99) and adults with moderate to severe ABI (TBI; n = 63; stroke n = 56) participated. Main measures included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and Multicultural Facial Emotion Perception Test (MFEPT). ABI groups endorsed greater alexithymia than NHA, but TBI and stroke subgroups did not significantly differ. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that TAS-20 subscales Difficulty Identifying Feelings (DIF) and Externally-oriented Thinking (EOT), but not Difficulty Describing Feelings (DDF), added unique value to predicting objective affect recognition (MFEPT) after accounting for age, face recognition ability, and general cognitive function. Moreover, the relationship between alexithymia and affect recognition was moderated by group: DIF and DDF were inversely related to MFEPT only for adults with ABI. EOT was inversely related to affect recognition for all three groups. Adults with ABI experience alexithymia more frequently and intensely than neurologically-healthy adults, and this impairment may partly underlie struggles with affective processing frequently observed in these individuals on experimental tasks and in real-world interactions.  

Hide abstract

Child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors are at high risk of psychopathology as adults (Gallo et al., 2018). Most studies overlook the effects of CSA in men despite evidence indicating gender differences in mental health outcomes (Adams et al., 2018). Further, it is unclear what influences these differences, though conformity to masculine norms may play an important role (Walfield, 2018). This study examined masculine norms (winning, emotional control, risk-taking, violence, playboy, self-reliance, primacy of work, power over women, and hetero self-presentation; Mahalik, 2003) as mediators between CSA severity and depression, anxiety, and CSA-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Data were collected from 649 community men (Mage=33.2;17.6% endorsed CSA). A CSA severity score was calculated from CSA characteristics (e.g., tactics/acts; No CSA=0). Control and self-reliance mediated the relation between CSA and depression/anxiety, and power over women mediated the effect of CSA on anxiety. No masculinity subscales emerged as mediators for PTSS, though CSA directly predicted PTSS. High endorsement of emotional control, self-reliance, and power over women may be a reaction to the loss of control reported by CSA survivors (Easton et al., 2014) and explain mechanisms underlying mental health outcomes of CSA for men. Implications for future research and intervention will be discussed.

Hide abstract

Obstructions in a vehicle’s windshield or windows block a driver’s view of the road. This increases the chances of collisions with pedestrians and other vehicles.

Previous studies have explored this topic using windshield damage as an example. Their research shows that windshield damage increases the chances of a vehicle crash by 6.5 percent.

We used information from the NHTSA database and data collected on campus to find the increase in accident risk associated with windshield obstructions such as parking tags.

Our research found that about half of the subjects had some sort of windshield obstruction, with about one-fourth of the obstructions being university parking tags.

Because they do not obstruct the driver’s view, parking stickers are a safer alternative to hanging tags.

Hide abstract

The duodenum, as the first part of the small intestine, is crucial in the complex process of digestion and nutritional absorption. This organ is vital in breaking down ingested food, which aids in the digestion of essential nutrients into the bloodstream. The duodenum is distinguished by its various morphological and physiological propertiesincluding the duodenal papillawhich links to both the pancreas and the gallbladdercontrolling the release of digestion enzymes and bile. Furthermorethe duodenum is distinguishable by its short lengthThe duodenum is in the abdominal cavity, specifically the upper abdomen, which lies distal to the stomach as the small intestine's first partThe pyloric sphinctera muscle valve that functions as a critical step in the digestive process, separates the duodenum from the stomachOver a seven-year study involving 89 cadavers, our research aimed to determine the measurements of the distance between the pylorus and the major papilla and the distance between the minor papilla and the major papilla. The study confirmed the anticipated 8 cm distance from the pylorus to the major duodenal papilla, consistent with prior observationsHowever, the 2 cm distance between the major and minor duodenal papilla is notably shorter than commonly documented in textbooks and journalsThis research offers valuable insights into the precise measurements of duodenal structuresGrasping the measurements between the pylorus and the major papilla, as well as the distance between the minor papilla and the major papilla, is not only indispensable for precise medical practice but also for advancing our knowledgeimproving patient care, and promoting early detection and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.

Hide abstract

Background: Individuals with serious mental illness are at an increased risk for physical health problems, yet are less likely to receive preventative services and medical care than other populations (Ostrow et al., 2014). Having a primary care physician and primary care utilization could potentially reduce these risks.

Present Study: This mixed methods study investigated the contributions of gender and social support to primary care use among a predominately African American sample of people with serious mental illness.  

Method: As part of a larger study, participants with serious mental illness and at least one comorbid medical condition (N = 165) completed surveys, including measures of social support and primary care utilization at baseline and 6-month time points.  Selected participants were invited to participate in qualitative interviews or focus groups to assist in the exploration of factors that may influence primary care use.

Results and Discussion: Quantitative findings included that being female was associated with higher levels of social support from a significant other. Gender was not associated with any other type of social support or number of primary care visits. Type of social support was also not associated with number of primary care visits. Qualitative results included ways in which social support was perceived as beneficial to participants. Qualitative findings also included men reported an absence of social support more frequently than women. Implications for research and practice regarding primary care for people with serious mental illness are discussed.

Hide abstract

Bacteriophages are natural pathogens of bacteria that can be widely found. The DNA found inside the bacteriophage’s capsid head which lysis specific host bacteria in order to replicate itself. In parts of the SEA-PHAGES research program, phages isolated from prior research were further analyzed by isolating its DNA for gene annotation. In this investigation, genes 38-53 and 91-103 from Rimu, a phage isolated at the  University of Detroit Mercy, were further analyzed using DNA Master and SEA-PHAGE resources. These programs allowed for insight on the possible evolution and function of the predicted genes in the DNA Master of  Rimu. Through methods of cross-examination with these programs, the gene’s characteristics, functions, and final sequence was recorded. In Genes 43-47, it was found that gene 45 from DNA Master was inaccurate. Oddly, gene 45 was a green gene, left to right coded, and was overlapping with genes 44 and 46 which are red genes, right to left coded. Before deleting gene 45, the BLAST data for all corresponding genes in the area was tested. After changing the blast data for gene 45, no variation produced a more reliable BLAST which confirmed our prediction. On the contrary, genes 44 and 46 highly supported the BLAST data and functions listed. These findings highlight the rise in online gene annotation research and its benefits to the ongoing rise of modern day phage technology by understanding phage genetics and functions that can lead to innovative solutions for various fields.

Hide abstract

This project focuses on questions of belonging on the University of Detroit Mercy campus, considering several potential sites of intervention and building on ongoing contemporary conversations. The designers developed the following proposal with hopes of strengthening on and off-campus relationships and supporting an equitable and inclusive campus experience. Early exploration of belonging definitions, campus and neighborhood research, site analysis, community engagement conversations, and program development scaffold this proposal. A physical model of the campus further enhances the process. The project is energized by guest modules focused on public-interest design processes, site analysis, and landscape performance, as well as the complementary code course. On and off campus, guests further contribute to the dialog.

Hide abstract

Public Defender clients are widely known to be highly vulnerable to chronic, untreated, or inadequately treated mental health problems. Public defenders’ offices have addressed these issues with some success. However, attempts to investigate further the mental health of public defender clients have been sparsely conducted in the United States. This project was designed to correct the national knowledge gap regarding the mental health of a population legally defended by public defenders. 

Kalamazoo Defender (KDI) is a public defender office in Kalamazoo County, Michigan serving individuals involved in the criminal justice system. KDI utilizes an online platform, known as Computerized Intervention Authoring System (CIAS), to assess clients’ mental health. In a pilot study of 50 individuals, KDI screened for major mental health disorders such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Psychosis, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Mania/Hypomania, and Substance Use Disorder) by utilizing Computerized Adaptive Testing for Mental Health (CAT-MH; Gibbons & deGruy, 2019). The CIAS assessment also includes the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale Brief Form (LPFS-BF; Hutsebaut et al., 2016) to measure severity of an individual's personality pathology. 

The first aim of this pilot study was to report the severity of major psychiatric disorders in a public defender population. The second aim was to calculate the mean, standard deviation, and range of scores for LPFS-BF assessed total and subscale scores. The third aim was to assess LPFS-BF construct validity by assessing correlations of LPFS-BF total and subscale scores with the severity ratings of each assessed disorder. It was hypothesized that LPFS total and subscale scores will be significantly correlated with severity ratings in each assessed disorder. Results identified slightly over half of the individuals assessed reported no or mild symptoms within each disorder category apart from anxiety and depression, in which severity ratings were higher for over half of the sample. Sixty percent of the sample met criteria for a Major Depressive Disorder diagnosis. Additionally, results indicated that overall personality functioning was correlated with other psychiatric symptoms (rs ranged between .34 and .80, p<.001). An independent samples t-test of individuals who were or were not diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) found more impairment in total overall personality functioning, as well as poorer functioning in the self and interpersonal domains in those in the MDD group (ds ranged between 1.48 and 1.85). 

Hide abstract

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a pervasive issue, especially for Black women (HHS, 2020). Though thought suppression is a common coping mechanism for trauma, it paradoxically leads to increased unwanted thoughts and psychopathology (Amstadter et al., 2006). Separately, CM has been linked to insecure attachment styles (Zietlow et al., 2017) and thought suppression (Krause et al., 2003), and insecure attachment style predicts increased thought suppression (Murray et al., 2021). However, these links have not been examined together, nor among a sample of Black women, which is important as Black women may be more likely to have insecure attachment styles (Cooley et al., 2012). This study examined avoidant and anxious attachment as mediators of the relation between CM and thought suppression. Community Black women (n = 144; Mage=31.34) completed measures on CM types (physical, emotional, sexual abuse, physical and emotional neglect), attachment style, and thought suppression. Parallel mediation analyses indicated anxious attachment mediated the relation between emotional abuse and neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse to thought suppression. Avoidant attachment was not a significant mediator. Clinicians should assess for all CM types, and interventions that build secure attachment and promote healthy coping may be useful for Black women who have experienced CM and who are anxiously attached.

Hide abstract

In the evolving travel industry landscape, integrating technology has revolutionized the booking process, introducing innovative solutions like booking chatbots. This project aims to elucidate the significance of incorporating chatbots into booking systems to enhance user experience and streamline operations in flight bookings. The project explores the complexities inherent in in-flight bookings. It investigates the potential solutions offered by chatbots, navigating through various frameworks available in the market for building chatbots and addressing the challenges encountered during their development. Utilizing advanced natural language processing techniques, frameworks like TensorFlow and platforms like DialogFlow are employed to develop and train the chatbot. Additionally, integration with airline APIs and payment gateways ensures seamless functionality. Data collection on user interactions and feedback enables continuous refinement and enhancement of the chatbot's performance.

Hide abstract

An important component of visual information processing is the conversion of light patterns into objects. It is adaptive to be able to detect objects even in ambiguous/noisy visual patterns. Pareidolia is the phenomenon of seeing familiar objects in visual patterns, when no object actually exists. Our concern in this project was time course processing in pareidolia.  Time-course analyses are important for advancing knowledge of visual information processing because, for example, they reveal how human visual attention strategies shift over time; and describe temporal attention patterns associated with psychological disorders or cognitive impairments. 

Eye tracking allows us to determine moment-to-moment attention strategies. Over et al. (2007) proposed an adaptive coarse-to-fine eye movement strategy for visual search. Individuals use this strategy to efficiently scan visual scenes. A Coarse-to-fine strategy involves initially scanning broadly (i.e., brief eye fixations with long-distance saccades) before focusing on finer details (i.e., prolonged eye fixations with short-distance saccades). In pareidolia, no real object is present in the visual pattern. Does processing reflect the purported coarse-to-fine strategy?

Sixty volunteers at Detroit Mercy viewed and responded to Rorschach inkblots on a computer screen. The variables of interest in the study were eye fixation duration (reflecting information acquisition strategy), and saccade amplitude (reflecting peripheral preprocessing strategy).  Each inkblot had at least 10s of data, so, we divided the data into five time slices: 0-2sec, 2-4sec, 4-6sec, 6-8sec, and 8-10sec. The 10sec window was reasonable, because humans can extract the gist of a scene within half a second (500ms) of viewing the scene. Our results showed a flat line over the time slices, for fixation duration and for saccade amplitude. Hence, in contrast to a course-to-fine processing strategy, the results supported a fixed processing strategy for pareidolia.  Studies such as the one described here are important in cognitive psychology, as human strategies inform algorithms in computer visual information acquisition systems.

Up-coming studies will address the following limitations with a variety of scenes:  First, while a 10sec  window constitutes a long viewing time, strategies beyond 10sec of viewing were not addressed in this study.  On average, across all the displays presented, the volunteers spent about 45sec per display.  Second, we made no record of WHEN pareidolia was FIRST experienced for each display presented. It is possible that a coarse-to-fine strategy was utilized up to the first pareidolic experience for each display.

Hide abstract

Offices are a space where much of an individual's time is spent, with the majority of the time sitting at desks. Sedentary living can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle of limited physical movement that affects both mental and physical health. Looking at the function of nature as a tool, office spaces can become a restorative environment that connects humans back to nature, as seen with biophilic design. This thesis investigation explores how nature can inspire reinvigorating design strategies to enhance employee well-being, analyzing how the office environment can support dynamic behaviours to enhance employee experience. The methodology includes creating abstracts and collages to combine both office environments and natural elements together. A visionary approach would incorporate nature ideologies into an interior space. Surveys were created for employees to understand their experience and to define employee wellness in their own terms. From an analysis of current biophilic designs, a critique was discovered since the definitional intention with biophilia is to connect humans and nature. However, current biophilic designs do not relate to nature, but instead satisfied with using more muted colours and simple decorative design instead of integrating biophilia in the office environment. Reinvigorating office space with natural design connects humans to nature in order toincrease health and well-being, strengthening the connection to nature and making the space more dynamic allows individuals to place value on nature and in turn place value on themselves.

Hide abstract

Reno Hall, formerly a men’s dormitory, is currently being used for private offices, classrooms, counseling, and the drama textiles workshop. This building, while outdated and forgotten, still contains the history and culture of campus. Past students look back on Reno fondly as their home during their education, whereas now, most students have never set foot inside. The students and faculty currently using Reno Hall wish for a more comfortable and lively environment and to feel connected to the campus. Located on the Southwest corner of Detroit Mercy’s campus, Reno Hall has a close connection to the existing residence halls, as well as the opportunity to connect to the neighborhoods surrounding campus. Connections between Livernois and Puritan avenues can be developed to encourage campus/community collaboration.

This adaptive reuse will convert Reno Hall into a on campus community hub for both students and neighbors. Introducing the Office of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, a wellness center utilizing the student’s majors (Law, Dental, Social Work...), as well as a variety of spaces for anyone to use for study/play/collaborate/rest. These services will have been requested by community members and students. To further encourage the connection between on/off campus opening the entrance on Livernois and well as the renovation of LOT B will be addressed in this proposal. Transforming LOT B into a space with proper food vendor popups, water management, and direct green connections from Livernois to Reno Hall.

Hide abstract

The purpose of this study (IRB #23-24-30) serves to isolate institutional factors that students have experienced relating to increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression after transitioning into a Dental or Dental Hygiene program. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study on a convenience population of 615 students with 195 participants currently attending the University of Detroit Mercy Dental School. Student participants completed questions from the DASS-21, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 to indicate symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression during their Dental or Dental Hygiene programs. The results concluded that various institutional factors increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during their professional program. The top three most significant institutional factors that contributed negatively to stress, anxiety, and depression were work/course load, limited flexibility of schedule, and inadequate sleep. Students selected from a list of improvements that the institution can implement to decrease symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. The top three responses included exam prep days, scheduled mental health days with no penalty, and built-in study breaks for exams during the academic and clinical schedule. Students also had an optional free response on additional suggestions for institutional improvement and any other information that they felt was beneficial to our research. Examples from these free responses included scheduled mental health days/days off, sensitivity training for faculty and staff, and dedicated time to study for exams and clinical board exams. Understanding this information will help dental educators identify solutions and opportunities to improve the mental health of Dental and Dental Hygiene students.

Hide abstract

According to a study by Hicks et al. (2020) involving Iraq and Afghanistan era veterans who use tobacco, the findings showed they generally recognized negative health risks of smoking but had misconceptions about nicotine. Veterans in this sample believed nicotine was the primary cause of cancer and lacked the understanding of nicotine replacement therapies to help with quitting tobacco. The purpose of this research served to determine tobacco use among veterans and the prevalence of tobacco cessation education received among the veteran population ages 18-50 years old to aid clinicians in better delivery of educational materials.

A 10-question survey was conducted through Qualtrics that included eight multiple choice questions and 2 select all that apply with an option for a fill in the blank box for other comments. The survey was distributed through a QR code posted on social media streams such as Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook as well as sending a link to potential willing participants. Results are based off of 81 responses via QR code on social media. Out of those responses there were 48 viable and 33 excluded responses (12 active duty, 6 out of age range, 12 incomplete, and 3 incorrect responses to control question). Results found a prevalence of tobacco use among the veteran population across all branches. Findings show that 70% of the 48 viable responses never received tobacco cessation materials during or following service and 50% of the 48 viable responses started using tobacco during time of service. In conclusion, the research displays a gap in knowledge about cessation and suggests for improved cessation education efforts among the veteran population.

Hide abstract

Background: Emerging Adulthood is a developmental period of identity exploration and internalization, generally coinciding with being aged 18-24, which often includes significantly elevated rates of risk-taking. Emerging Adulthood has primarily been studied in college samples and little is known about how members of the US military experience this period or how identity development in military members is related to risk-taking and suicide.

Present Study: The present study compared college-aged military members to college students to determine if group differences exist on being in a period of Emerging Adulthood, having a foreclosed identity, attitude toward risk and attitudes toward suicide.

Method: Utilizing an online survey platform, 140 participants (67 military members, 73 college students) completed established self-report measures including: the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood; the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status- Revised Version; the Attitude Toward Suicide Measure; and the Attitudes Towards Risk Questionnaire.  A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), including gender, education and income as covariates was conducted. 

Results and Discussion: Military members endorsed having a foreclosed identity and disapproving attitude toward suicide more strongly than do college students, and identified as being in a period of Emerging Adulthood less strongly.  These results were statistically significant.  No significant differences were found between the groups on attitude toward risk or accepting attitude toward suicide.  This suggests that the identity development of military personnel during the college-age years differs from the larger population and the implications of this warrant further exploration. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Hide abstract

Acts of terrorism are used by organizations and governments to forcefully and violently fight for an end goal. Understanding realism as an international theory, it can be argued that the concept and acts of terrorism defend and negate realism. A realist would argue that conflicts like terrorism are natural in human nature. Nation-states are in a constant state of war, where individual leaders and nations fight for their benefit. However, realist theories are challenged by terrorist organizations through their goals and international deterrence. This study examines realism as an international relations theory in an attempt to explain terrorism in different parts of the world. Using qualitative research techniques, an analysis of different tenets of realism and the extent to which they can account for the acts of terrorism across the globe. Although terrorist organizations display a constant state of war, terrorism also challenges realist theories. Realism challenges the notion that states are primary actors in terrorism and that terrorism solely desires violent ends. 

This study also highlights how viewing the world only through a realist lens overlooks the work of individuals such as Francoise Rudetzki and organizations such as SOS Attentats, which attempt to improve the lives of terrorist victims. This paper calls for a legally binding international definition of terrorism and for the International Criminal Court (ICC) to be empowered to address these acts. These alterations to the international government will increase the chances for the ICC to punish terrorists for violating international law while maintaining the safety and humanity of citizens around the globe.  

Key terms: Terrorism, Realism, United States, France, Uruguay, International Criminal Court

Hide abstract

Psychopathy is a complex personality trait characterized by decreased empathy, poor behavioral control, and manipulativeness, often resulting in antisocial behavior. Although widely studied, psychopathy has not been fully integrated into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Currently, within the DSM-5-TR, the only way to diagnose psychopathy is through the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), where psychopathy can be assessed as a specifier for Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). However, this approach has been criticized for its limited construct validity, particularly its failure to fully capture psychopathy-specific traits.

Although there are many psychopathy models, one popular model is the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy. The Triarchic model defines psychopathy in terms of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Boldness refers to social dominance, emotional resilience, and risk-taking behaviors. Meanness is characterized by callousness and lack of empathy. Disinhibition captures impulsivity and poor behavioral control. Recent research mapped these constructs onto the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), an assessment of maladaptive personality traits within the AMPD framework. These studies have found that boldness is negatively associated with PID-5 negative affect, meanness aligns with PID-5 antagonism, and disinhibition is associated with PID-5 disinhibition. While the Triarchic scales have been correlated with specific PID-5 traits and the PID-5-Tri has been validated against other measures of psychopathy, affect, and psychopathology, no one has examined areas of overlap through an interpersonal lens.

The current study builds on these findings by examining psychopathy and PID-5 traits through the framework of Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory (CIIT). CIIT posits that personality is expressed through dynamic interactions between individuals, which can be modeled using the Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC). The IPC allows for the characterization of interpersonal traits along two dimensions: agency (dominance vs. submission) and communion (warmth vs. coldness). Using this framework, Triarchic scales and PID-5 traits can be mapped onto IPC surfaces to identify their interpersonal characteristics and determine which PID-5 traits overlap with Triarchic scales. Prior research has shown that psychopathic characteristics primarily occupy the cold-dominant quadrant of the circumplex. While PID-5 domains and facets have been mapped onto IPC surfaces, this has occurred across relatively few studies and remains an area for further research.

In this study, we will apply the Structural Summary Method (SSM) to assess the relationship between PID-5 domains and facets and psychopathic traits across three IPC surfaces: interpersonal problems, influence tactics, and sensitivities. Additionally, contrast analysis will be performed to see which PID-5 trait facets align with Triarchic scales. We hypothesize that Triarchic boldness will have similar interpersonal characteristics to PID-5 antagonism and risk-taking and be inversely related to anxiousness and interpersonal distress. Meanness is expected to possess similar characteristics to PID-5 antagonism and negative affect, and be associated with higher levels of interpersonal distress and misanthropy. Disinhibition is predicted to have similar characteristics as PID-5 disinhibition and its related facets. If these

areas of overlap are identified, findings would add to the literature identifying candidate PID-5 traits for a psychopathy personality type in its own right.

Hide abstract

This thesis investigates sacred space that responds to both phenomenological analysis and the shared lived experience of pilgrims—people seeking spiritual, existential, and religious meaning. A multidisciplinary approach was engaged, incorporating phenomenological and existential philosophy, theology, history, and architectural theory. The research began with an exploration of contemporary evangelical Christian architecture. Through literature review and interviews with pastors, it was found that this typology emerged in the past 50 years to create ‘seeker-sensitive’ spaces—comfortable settings for religious exploration. However, it was also found that a need exists to design for what pilgrims find beautiful rather than merely comfortable. This research was aimed at determining how to engage pilgrims to design space that meets their needs along their spiritual quest. To address this, Martin Heidegger’s “Building, Dwelling, Thinking” was studied, particularly his notion of dwelling as an incarnate presence in place. A perceptual, phenomenological approach was used to explore the existential and spiritual needs of pilgrims in physical space. In-person observations, narrative writing, photography, and sketching were conducted in several places of worship, including a Catholic cathedral, a Muslim mosque, and a non-denominational Christian church. A comparative precedent analysis of contemporary churches and other houses of worship further informed the study. Additionally, interviews and visual ethnographic studies examined shared spiritual experiences in physical spaces. From these investigations, key design elements were identified, including body posture and scale, light and darkness, acoustic design, and materiality that ages over time. To test these principles, a design process incorporating dwelling and building was developed. Through installation, watercolor sketching, poetic narrative writing, and collage, pilgrimage chapels were designed that engaged a co-constructed method with a singular pilgrim. It was found that the pilgrim’s journey includes lament, silent meditation, encountering transcendence, and sacrifice. In response, a chapel was designed for each of these experiences. Ultimately, this study explores how architectural design can guide spiritual seekers. By building with the pilgrim, this thesis contributes to the broader discourse on architecture’s role in shaping human experience, proposing spatial and sensorial qualities as well as engagement methodologies that encourage designers and leaders to empathize with the lived reality of the spiritual quest.

Hide abstract

Stress and anxiety levels aggregate the degree of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) when compared with individuals showing no signs of depression, hence creating a need to evaluate the significant relationship between stress and TMD. Thus, the aim of this study (IRB-#23-24-31) is to investigate the relation with stress and increase in TMD, with the aim of developing enhanced educational tools to inform the public on the impacts of stress on the neck and head region and also inside the oral cavity. This study conducted among 59 participants showed that there is a correlation between stress levels and jaw pain, correlation between severity of attrition with high levels of stress, and findings that participants barely utilize nightguards. The survey results indicate that 17 participants are unsure about their grinding and clenching, which confirms the argument by Polmann et al (2021) that grinding and clenching (bruxism) often occurs at night and most people may be unaware. Bruxism is often related to stress and it yields the TMD pain, and the continuous bruxism forms TMDs.  Participant responses to all the survey questions confirm that most participants experienced TMJ pain and were at risk of developing TMD. Thus, a recommendation for enhanced patient awareness of temporomandibular disorders, the need to manage stress and adopt good self-care measures by experts is necessary.

Hide abstract

Moraxella catarrhalis is a bacterium that resides in the upper respiratory tract and can be associated with bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, sinusitis and otitis. It is linked with bronchopneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The purpose of this work was to investigate the development of antibiotic resistance in M. catarrhalis. Fastidious M. catarrhalis was routinely cultured on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar. The organism grew less well on standard nutrient agar medium. It could grow at body temperature or room temperature. Susceptibility to several antibiotics that use different modes of action was determined by the disk diffusion method. Inhibition zone diameters ranged from 23 to 45 mm at body temperature. For comparison, Escherichia coli showed zone diameters of 0 to 17 mm for the same antibiotics. Interestingly, zone diameters were considerably larger when the tests were incubated at room temperature. There did not appear to be any spontaneous antibiotic resistant mutant colonies that had arisen in the inhibition zones for M. catarrhalis. This may have been partly due to the low inoculum used on the agar surface in the disk test. Subsequently, an attempt was made to select resistant mutants for the antibiotic known as rifampicin directly on agar containing the antibiotic. The mechanism of action for rifampicin is to block synthesis of RNA by binding to RNA polymerase. The antibiotic had exhibited a discrete border to the inhibition zone in the disk assay. One use of the antibiotic is to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. On agar containing rifampicin, with a large inoculum, spontaneous mutant colonies of M. catarrhalis would appear in a few days at body temperature or several days at room temperature. The mutants could be useful for study of antibiotic resistance and genetics in M. catarrhalis.

Hide abstract

The portrayal of mental illness in modern literature holds implications that have perpetuated certain stereotypes and power dynamics as it seeks to dismantle others.While there's significant scholarship on how literature often destigmatizes mental illness, there's a lack of focus on the narrative techniques used to depict mentally ill characters and their impact on cultural perceptions. This project aims to analyze the narrative styles employed in Charlotte Gilman’s "The Yellow Wallpaper" (1892) and Lu Xun’s "A Madman's Diary"(1918) to portray mentally ill characters. It seeks to explore how unreliable narration shapes the believability of these characters and contributes to broader societal conversations about mental illness, including the Anti-Psychiatry Movement. By examining the narrative techniques used in these texts, I aim to demonstrate how unreliable narration serves as a powerful tool for crafting believable yet stigmatized characters. The stories influence cultural perceptions of mental illness, reinforcing existing power dynamics and revealing how narratives shape our understanding of mental health.

Hide abstract

This poster focuses on food insecurity and how it is a world wide struggle. It dicusses why this is an issue, how this usse ocures, how climiante chnage plays a role in food insecuirty, as well as the health problems that come along with food insecuirty. This poster closes by focusing on how food insecuirty can be fixed all over thw\e world.

Hide abstract

Vertical Saccades in a case of encephalomalacia 

Maria Gojcaj, Jude Rodriquez, Priscilla Chou, Taylor-Nicole Kissel, Jena David, 

Harold Greene*   *Advisor

Saccadic eye movements, which allow people to quickly change their focus from one place to another, are necessary for visual exploration and attentional control. The cerebellum, superior colliculus, frontal and parietal cortices, and other cortical and subcortical areas form a network that controls these quick movements. While a lot of study has been done on horizontal saccades, studies on vertical saccades have shown behavioral asymmetries that point to different inhibitory control for eye movements that are directed upward and downward.Encephalomalacia, which involves softening of brain tissue due to injury, gives us an opportunity to explore the disruption of these systems. Serious impairments in saccadic performance have been associated with damage to the frontoparietal cortex, an important region involved in visual attention and saccade planning, especially in tasks requiring attentional shifts and response inhibition (Peers et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2023).  We present the case of a 40 year old female (DD) with encephalomalacia in frontoparietal areas of her cortex (between F8 & F4, C4 & T4, P4 & T6).   DD is participating in sessions of a vertical saccade task, over many weeks.  Brain activity is being monitored via a by an Iworx IX-EEG amplifier, 10-20 19-electrode cap.   Event related potentials for some of DD’ssessions will be presented to compare vertical saccade preparation activity in damaged and non-damaged areas of her frontoparietal cortex. This ongoing study is anticipated to provide insight on possible neuroplastic compensations for the execution of vertical saccades. 

Hide abstract

Drosohila melanogaster has long been used as a genetics model system to understand a variety of differernt developmental and physiological processes. Here are are characterizing a novel mutation, C.3.3, intitially identified in a genetic screen for regulators of cell growth and cell division. Students from the Fly-CURE consortium worked to map this mutation to two non-overlapping locations on chromosome 2R. Here we are working to utilize homologous recombination to separate these two mutations from each other to determine if one or both of the mutations drives the Flp/FRT phenotype initially observed. 

Hide abstract

A conditional Flp/FRT EMS mutagenesis screen was conducted in the D. melanogaster adult mosaic eye to look for regulators of the cell cycle, cell division, and tissue development. The starting chromosome for this screen harbored an allele of Dark82 that blocks the canonical apoptosis pathway in the mosaic mutant tissue. The screen identified secondary mutations that disrupted the cell growth and developmental patterning in the adult eye. One mutant from the screen, C.3.3, was characterized by having a reduction in the ratio of mutant tissue to wild type tissue in the mosaic eye. This mutant was genetically mapped by undergraduates in the Fly-CURE consortium at Loyola Marymount University and Nevada State University. This group identified two distinct lethal mutations on the right side of chromosome 2.  The lethal mutations were further mapped to specific genes, Rpe and Nup75. Here we aim to identify if one of the mutations (or both) is responsible for the C.3.3 mosaic eye phenotype. Using recombination, we found that Rpe and Dark82, had a similar phenotype to C.3.3 overall (Dark82, Nup75, and Rpe) suggesting that Rpe is driving the conditional mosaic eye phenotype. Currently, we are working on the generation of the Nup75, Dark82mosaic eye to determine if both mutants drive the same phenotype. Overall, these data will lead to a better understanding of the interplay between multiple mutants in the developing Drosophila eye.

Hide abstract

Atrazine is a pesticide of the triazine class and is one of the most used pesticides in North America. We are investigating the toxicological effects of atrazine exposure on the crayfish species, Faxonius virilis. The effects of atrazine exposure on crayfish are of interest because crayfish are a keystone species. Atrazine has been known to negatively impact many aspects of crayfish health; atrazine has been demonstrated to diminish the ability for crayfish to locate food and find a mate, it affects the expression and activity of detoxification enzymes, and it induces histological changes that demonstrate the toxicity of the pesticide. We aim to quantitate atrazine and its metabolites in crayfish hepatopancreas tissue to assess correlation between atrazine levels and the previously observed behavioral and physiological effects of atrazine. A method for extracting atrazine and its metabolites from the crayfish hepatopancreas tissue was developed and validated. The method involves liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based quantitation using isotopic internal standards for each analyte. Spike recovery tests resulted in recoveries over 90% for all analytes. The validated method was used to investigate accumulation of atrazine and its metabolites in crayfish exposed to 100 ppb atrazine for four days compared to an unexposed control group. Additionally, an preliminary untargeted LC-MS metabolomics analysis was performed on control and exposed groups of Drosophila melanogaster to explore potential metabolic changes following atrazine exposure.

Hide abstract

This study uses Hansson’s technique to identify carbonic anhydrase (CAH) activity and the possible paracrine regulatory relationships between the Malpighian tubules, tracheal airways, and ceca in Madagascar roaches. Carbonic anhydrase (CAH) supports the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and protons, CO2 + H2O        H2CO3         H+ + HCO3- . Ceca are blind ended finger like projections that have acidic secretions (pH of 4.98). Tracheal airways are used for gas exchange and are closely associated with cecal surfaces. Malpighian tubules were intertwined with the surface tracheal airways. Larger airways within the cecal wall branch into smaller airways found within the mucosal cecal folds. Using Hansson’s technique, CAH activity was found only in the smaller airways and not in the larger airways. CAH activity was also found in the Malpighian tubules surrounding the ceca. Acetazolamide (CAH inhibitor) was used as a control. Orange-G was used to find acidophilic granules indicating possible paracrine control. Orange-G staining cells were located adjacent to larger airways within the cecal wall, as well as within the apical region of Malpighian tubules. Because no CAH activity was found in cecal folds it is assumed that the airways are the source of protons. Future research will involve using proton pump and bicarbonate/chloride exchange inhibitors to define the role of airways in cecal acid secretion. 

Hide abstract

While traveling, it is not uncommon to undergo a transformative experience – a sudden synthesis of conflicting ideas and emotions, a new sense of order and beauty, an epiphany – triggered by the conditions of locality. The subjective nature of these experiences means they are unpredictable and occur uniquely in each individual, but equally valuable for epistemic expansion and personal development. As a result, such experiences cannot be constructed but can only be invited. This thesis project proposes a design theory for increasing the likelihood of a transformative experience occurring within a chosen locality. Methods employed include: adapting a transformative experience design framework from literature review, analyzing the phenomenological experience of a travel case study with the assistance of a model provided by literature, deductively applying lessons learned to identify high potential locations for transformative experiences in a chosen locality, then inductively proposing a grounded theory. The outcome of this study is a taxonomy of locations that exhibit high potential for transformative affordances. The taxonomy highlights the relationship between genius loci and identity formation, with a core feature being a “hybrid” of architecture and infrastructure vernacular. This leads to new questions about urban design and planning.

Hide abstract

Androgenic Alopecia is a prevalent condition amongst people that causes hair loss on the scalp. Minoxidil is an effective treatment for this condition, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Minoxidil has a structure similar to estrogen which led us to believe that it may bind to the estrogen receptor in our cancer cells, leading to hair growth as a result. T47D breast cancer cells were treated with varying concentrations of minoxidil. Cell proliferation was then measured using fluorescence. PyMOL was used to view the molecular docking of estrogen receptor α with minoxidil. The addition of Minoxidil to the cells showed an increase of cell proliferation, which coincides with our computational work that shows that Minoxidil can favorably bind to the estrogen receptor. Minoxidil increasing the activity of the estrogen receptor can help in other applications. This gave an overall better understanding of Minoxidil’s therapeutic capabilities on Androgenic Alopecia. 

Hide abstract

Air pollution is a major health issue in Michigan, especially in cities like Detroit, where vehicle emissions, industrial pollution, and climate change contribute to poor air quality. Pollutants like PM2.5 and ozone worsen asthma, increase lung cancer risk, and disproportionately impact low-income and minority communities. This poster highlights the key sources of pollution, their health effects, and practical solutions, such as stronger emissions regulations, better public transportation, air quality monitoring, and urban green spaces. By pushing for policy changes and raising awareness, we can take meaningful steps toward cleaner air and better health for everyone.

Hide abstract

Eating Disorders (ED) such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder are diagnoses that affect vast amounts of people from various populations.  However, much of the research that has established the evidence-based foundation for ED symptoms and treatments have been formulated through the lens of the European American adolescent female population (Talleyrand, 2012). While many existing symptoms and treatments have been proven as effective, efficacy and completion rates have been shown to be significantly lower for African American females due to the lack of account for contextual, socio economic and societal factors that affect this population (Talleyrand, 2012).  More recent studies have attempted to fill this gap in research yet, research on African American women and ED remains limited.  These limitations have thus created significant health disparities within the African American population through which African American females have been diagnosed with higher rates of obesity and diabetes while being underdiagnosed for ED or misdiagnosed via the medical model (Scott et al., 2019).   

In more recent studies, researchers have attempted to address various factors that have caused these health disparities such as presentation of symptoms, and cultural factors associated with proper diagnoses and treatment of African American women with eating disorders (Gerend et al., 2024).  Ultimately, it has been found that although Black women may not have higher rates of preoccupation with Body Mass Index (BMI) or negative views surrounding body image; they are actually more likely to engage in binging behaviors without the use of dangerous compensatory actions such as vomiting (Simpson et al., 2023).  This difference in etiology accounts for the higher rates of obesity and diabetes that are found within this population which have all been traditionally approached utilizing the medical model.  While current research of these factors has been addressed for various populations of Black women including adolescent females, young adult college students and lower socioeconomic status women, there is currently no research addressing ED within the African American women graduate student population.  This study aims to fill this gap in research by highlighting the need for correct diagnoses of Black women graduate students in an effort to identify potential causes, stressors and treatments that would be effective with this population. 

Hide abstract

What if love drove design? What if profit, prosperity, and care weren’t at odds in design? This thesis inquiry explores how a shift in focus could transform the design profession, design, its products, and the people who make it happen (that’s us). Compounding the stress of larger political, economic, ecological crises, designers consistently face burnout and disempowerment within a profit-driven culture, weakening their capacity to design better. This thesis investigation explores real people’s stories, drawing insights from those narratives, and proposes real-world solutions that would allow us to redefine 'richness' to offer a hopeful path forward. One centered on community, holistic care, and social-ecological mindfulness.

Hide abstract

• Purpose: to assess the age of child dental visit in relation to type of treatment, type of dental insurance, and level of education of their mother.

Methods: This study included 141 parents who were bringing their children to Detroit Mercy Dental's Pediatric Clinic and Brilliant Detroit Center. The parents filled out the survey regarding their child's first dental visit.

Results: This study found that the children with early visits to dental clinic received more routine and preventive treatment, compared to older children who received dental treatment for pain and extraction. The study also shows that mothers with higher level of education bring their children for dental care before they reach the age of 4.

Hide abstract

This study is a comprehensive exploration of a trending topic within architecture, involving the redemption of the built form through the use of adaptive reuse. There are currently sixty-three abandoned schools located within Detroit, the majority of which have sat vacant for over twenty years. Almost a third of these schools are set to be demolished, as almost fifty have been demolished within the last fifteen years. This thesis aims to investigate how adaptive reuse can breathe new life into these vacant schools to save them. Questions that have risen with this investigation include how issues of senior housing and lack of child care within Detroit can be tackled through adaptive reuse. This thesis explores combining seniors and children to create an intergenerational community within vacant schools that helps to revitalize the school’s surrounding community. To explore these questions a school was chosen located in one of the Detroit districts most in need of childcare services. Elizabeth Courville Elementary School, located in the Grixdale neighborhood served as the vessel to explore this new intergenerational programming. This study provided a new glimpse into how two generations on opposite ends of the age spectrum can interact together to help each other in many ways. The idea of community is pushed throughout the design from the connection of residents to each other, kids, and the surrounding community all benefiting collectively. In conclusion, this thesis stands at the forefront of adaptive reuse to explore new programmatic functions that aid in restoring identity, community, and historic value. Adaptive reuse of school buildings can be applied across North America by encouraging innovative design thinking and challenging traditional paradigms. This study contributes significantly to the progressive evolution of adaptive reuse, highlighting the transformative potential inherent in reimagining neglected urban spaces.

Hide abstract

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are viruses that infect and take over bacterial cells. In this study, we isolated and annotated the bacteriophage Mr. Phizzler, focusing on genes within sections 35-50 and 85-101 of its genomes. Interestingly, we observed a clustering of functional genes primarily in the central region, spanning genes 41 through 45, while genes outside this cluster lacked functions. Specifically, gene 41 encodes a minor tail protein, gene 44 codes for a DNA binding protein, and gene 45 contains a helix-turn-helix. These functions all have specific roles that work together to make a properly functioning genome. On the other hand, other than those 4 specific genes, all of the other genes are nonfunctional (NKF). Also, with gene 99 and 42, we had to change the start codon because it was not aligned 100%. Our research helps us understand how Mr. Phizzler's genes work together and shows why it's crucial to continue studying phage genetics and biology. 

Hide abstract

The evaluation of housing prices plays a crucial role in economic stability and development. This study emphasizes the importance of accurate housing price evaluation and proposes a systematic approach to achieve this goal. We employ the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Random Forest regression algorithms, assessing their performance through R-squared values. The study optimizes KNN's k-value and distance weight and incorporates decision trees and feature sampling in Random Forests. Our analysis includes datasets from Boston, California, and Shenzhen to capture diverse housing market dynamics and economic conditions across different regions and time periods. Our findings indicate that the house area significantly influences prices in 2010’s Shenzhen, while median income and lower population status play crucial roles in 1990s California and 1970s Boston, respectively. Through GridSearchCV for hyperparameter tuning, we identify the optimal estimator for each algorithm. Results reveal that Random Forest, with an R-squared of 0.8, outperforms KNN, which achieves a score of approximately 0.7, in predicting house prices. This suggests that Random Forests offers a more accurate and efficient real estate price evaluation method.

Hide abstract

In traditional programming education, learners often grapple with extensive knowledge of syntax, rules, and commands, spending hours troubleshooting unexpected errors. Despite their efforts, the culmination often results in a monotonous terminal output, lacking the excitement and sense of accomplishment to inspire students and sustain their interest in learning.

This project aims to develop an interactive and engaging educational programming game that enables users to create and control units using code. Designed for individuals aged 11 and above interested in programming, the game offers an immersive environment to rediscover and enhance their passion for programming. By integrating object-oriented programming concepts into gameplay, the project provides a simplified and practical approach to learning professional skills while elevating the gaming experience.

Hide abstract

Within Residential Architecture, bridging the gap between the typical single-family house and the new standard of sustainability is a particular concern. Beginning with the idea of mitigating the mass production of houses, tract housing, into a more sustainable method. The idea of taking the same or similar house and placing it repetitively within the same plot of land is one of the most unsustainable methods of building. This is because there is a lack of acknowledgment of orientation and sustainable design in general. With this, it was soon realized that the real problem lies within the single-family house itself.

This is an investigation to explore the gap between current and past single-family housing development standards and new standards of sustainability within the United States and then form a solution for sustainable single-family housing in Michigan. Expected outcomes include the definition of a strategy for reimagining the single-family house to achieve increased sustainability. As of today, the typical single-family house is of no comparison to the new standard of sustainability. The construction of these houses is expected to be based on the concept of maximizing profits. Contractors, builders, and developers are cutting corners, using cheap, poor-quality materials, and once again ignoring the ideas of efficiency. There is a lack of balance between the triple bottom line; People, Profit, and Planet. Through interview data and observation of the construction of the single-family home, it can be seen that there is an extreme interest in profit over any other aspect of efficiency, affordability, and sustainability.

Methods will include annotative bibliographies, precedent studies and research on existing case studies, and census and environmental data diagramming. Other studies may include interview processes, observation of sites, and mapping. In these methods, interviews and observations of the construction process will become an important aspect. The comparison of the interviews with the builders and the observation by eye and research will create an overview of what problems are being caused by which current methods of building. Combined together, they will allow for the analysis of what is built today and what sustainable method creates the largest impact for the typical single family. 

Issues related to the housing market are being overlooked in terms of impact on climate change and sustainability. In fact, there are 97 million single-family, detached houses in the United States alone that have a cumulative effect comparable to that of the 5.9 million commercial buildings. There would be a great impact of change on this topic if people were to become more educated on these numbers. Transforming 20 houses, similar numbers to one subdivision would create the same sustainable impact as one commercial building. This thesis will help educate communities on what their house's impact is on the planet through infographics showing the impact of each individual sustainable method and going deeper into which one is the most efficient and affordable for their region, Michigan.   

Hide abstract

The dominant climate narrative is one of fear, often predicting catastrophes if we fail to act. Consequently, a large majority of individuals experience some level of climate-induced anxiety, leading, in its worst case, to a paralysis of action. The narratives that have shaped this current discourse need to change, and for that to happen, we need to start looking toward a future in which we “get it right”. This thesis assumes we will succeed in meeting our climate goals and asks, “What would the future look like if we got climate change right?” It isn’t about climate denial; rather, it’s the opposite. It is about understanding that while good at driving initial activism, the current climate narratives often fail to sustain engagement over time. Instead of focusing on crisis, it envisions a hopeful future, aiming to inspire more people to imagine and strive toward a world where climate change is solved.

By shifting from fear to possibility, this thesis seeks not to convince but to inspire optimism, fostering a deep, collective desire to build a world where sustainability is not a burden but a path to abundance. Methods employed include using AI image generation, collage-based imagery, rendered visualizations, and master planning + design vignettes to envision what a soft future looks and feels like. The exploration also examines the question “How can a Soft Framework be implemented?”

The Soft Path redefines progress, demonstrating that a thriving future is not about limitation but about reimagining how we live, build, and connect, ensuring that human development strengthens rather than scars the world we call home. A Soft Framework was developed as an alternative approach to design rooted in restoration, adaptability, ecological integration flexibility, and human-scale design. 

The findings of this thesis investigation highlight the need for developing positive climate future narratives to help drive action; in doing so, we can shape individuals' perceptions, conceptions, and eventually their prospections on the future, leading to a collective push towards a positive climate future. As architects, we are uniquely positioned to help realize this vision by designing within a soft framework.

Rather than assuming failure, we should embrace the opportunity to be the first generation to create a fully sustainable world.

What if?… An invitation to imagine: a softer future   

Hide abstract

Ulcers develop on the lower leg and foot often as the result of poor circulation and diabetic complications that can quickly become deep and chronic. Applying negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes healing of chronic ulcers by removing excess fluid and assisting in granulation tissue formation. However, the devices that deliver these treatments are designed for hospital environments with ready access to medical staff and have cumbersome drawbacks for home patients. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that there is better way to deliver the therapy non-occlusively without sacrificing the factors that medical science has shown contribute to ulcer healing. Further, we can validate this device for safe and effective human use through iterative usability testing during development. This research occurs in two phases. First, it uses mixed-method usability tests to inform design improvements during two stages of a product development framework. Second, it utilizes test devices with varying design factors that may impact pressure output to produce a simulation that identifies the factors with the most impact on negative pressure consistency, optimized factor levels, and a DOE model to validate the pressure output of the device. The results are a device capable of improving the well-being of patients experiencing pressure injury through independent, at-home treatments, and a simulation that identifies the factors for successfully maintaining the required medical pressure. Improvements in NPWT delivery have the potential to afford patients a more comfortable healing process and reduce costs by transferring healthcare needs to the home environment.

Hide abstract

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound derived from broccoli with anti-inflammatory properties. It is able to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines that are secreted during LPS-induced inflammation. Periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum cause gingival inflammation by activating host immune cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify whether SFN could suppress the inflammatory response induced by P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum or other periodontal pathogens and if so, which pro-inflammatory pathway SFN affects leading to such suppression of inflammation.

Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) or human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were cultured in 24-well plates. Duplicate wells were either pre-treated with SFN (5mM for 1hr) or did not receive treatment. Wells were then infected with periodontal pathogens such as P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) or different strains of E. coli as a control for 4hrs or 24hrs. ELISA assays were performed on culture supernatants to quantify IL-6 production. Cells lysates were run on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for Western blotting. Antibodies against STAT-3, JNK, ERK, and p38 and their respective phosphorylated forms were utilized to visualize levels of phosphorylated (activated) signaling molecules, and whether SFN inhibited phosphorylation.

Results: We saw strong IL-6 production in the presence of F. nucleatum and E. coli in HGF cells. SFN reduced IL-6 production by ~50% in response to these bacteria. Phosphorylation of p38 showed modest signs of suppression in the presence of sulforaphane.

Conclusions: We found that HGF cells demonstrated a significant level of IL-6 suppression with SFN when challenged with F. nucleatum or E. coli. The p38 pathway showed a modest decrease in P-p38 with SFN, but further experimentation is needed. We will also explore activation of the NF-kB pathway in future experiments.

Hide abstract

Research suggests that the small drug Minoxidil (MX) inhibits testosterone, therefore leading to hair regrowth. MX also has a molecular docking value with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a receptor often involved in cell proliferation of cancer cells. Treatment of T47D cells with increasing levels of MX will cause an increase in cell proliferation due to the promotion of estrogen production and/or the estrogen receptor pathway, and will also decrease the molecular docking score when binding with proteins involved in the estrogen receptor pathway. An Alamar Blue assay was performed with T47D cells, a breast cancer cell line, and varying concentrations of MX. PyMOL was used to visualize molecular docking and interactions with MX and ERα. Our results suggest that treatment of T47D cells with the small drug MX leads to an increase in cell proliferation, demonstrating a bimodal trend. This reveals more information on the mechanism of MX and new potential applications for the drug.

Hide abstract

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria that play crucial roles in regulating bacterial populations and influencing bacterial evolution through processes like horizontal gene transfer. MrPhizzler is a siphoviridae B1 lytic phage unearthed from the University of Detroit Mercy campus as part of the SEA PHAGES program. DNA sequencing analysis of the bacteriophage genome of MrPhizzler was conducted to unravel its genetic composition and insights into their potential functions. Specifically, genes 1~17 and 50-67 predicted by the DNAMaster program were analyzed, which revealed a number of novel characteristics or points for further analysis. One was the presence of multiple genes that serve a similar function by supposedly producing the same protein, an example being the protein helicase, albeit translating into a different amino acid sequence. There were also various genes for which an altered start codon than the originally predicted one resulted in a more reliable BLAST result. In addition, there were certain genes that were predicted to have multiple functions(translates for both helicase and primase proteins). Some genes shared the same sequence as those of other organisms such as humans or bacteria. Furthermore, there were varying hits on different tools for a single gene(BLAST vs HHPred). These characteristics display the potential for versatility within bacteriophage genomes and reveal room for greater advancements in DNA annotation technologies in specificity and accuracy.

Hide abstract

Water pollution is the contamination of water by harmful substances, such as chemicals, that can affect the health of humans and the environment. Water pollution can cause water to become toxic to humans and the environment. Some of the effects of water pollution on health include: Skin diseases, fluorosis, lead poisoning, arsenicosis, cancer and neurological disorders due to various chemical contaminants in water.

Hide abstract

Currently it is believed that every year there are over 1 billion fungal infections worldwide. They are the 3rd most frequent hospital-borne infection in the US, with a 30% mortality rate. As fungi are eukaryotes, they do not contain the typical targets of current antibiotics. Currently, only three classes of antifungal treatment exists and there is scant private antifungal research occurring in pharma. Our research aims to identify the genes required for virulence and pathogenicity within the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans and examine the components of adherence to any defects that could be a possible drug target. We look for virulence defects by running an in-vivo assay in Galleria mellonella using strains from a mutant library and comparing it to a wild type.

Hide abstract

The amount of micro- and nanoplastics found in the Great Lakes and freshwater ecosystems is rapidly increasing due to inadequate management of plastic waste. Microplastic (particles <5 mm) and nanoplastic (particles < 1 µm) enters the environment via numerous sources, including industrial activities, cosmetics, and the breakdown of plastic objects and wastes (e.g., tires, textiles, bottles). Micro- and nanoplastic exposure can negatively impact organisms with several negative toxicological endpoints observed. Current evidence suggests that exposure alters behavior, including olfactory-driven behavior, and exerts neurotoxic effects on tissue.  This could be particularly important in the context of predator avoidance, which is mediated in part by olfaction in fish. In this study, we measured 1) behavioral avoidance of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to a conspecific alarm cue and 2) electrophysiological responses to three odorants after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics. Our data suggest that exposure influences avoidance of a conspecific alarm cue and reduces electrophysiological responses of the olfactory epithelium to a social and alarm odorant, but not a food odorant. Overall, preliminary data indicates that exposure to micro- and nanoplastics might reduce both physiological and behavioral responses to some environmental cues, but not others. Given that fish rely heavily on olfaction for several key behaviors (e.g., feeding, reproduction, migration, predator avoidance), micro- and nanoplastic exposure could severely impact fish ecology in natural systems. 

Hide abstract

The Canadian housing market has hit unprecedented times as of late due to skyrocketing home prices, the imbalance of supply and demand, and a lack of affordable housing options for Canadians. As a result, homelessness in the country is increasing along with the number of rental households. Adaptive reuse could be a piece of the puzzle in an effort to restore affordability and supply of housing nationwide. This thesis strives to answer the questions; “What are the best set of practices when engaging in adaptive reuse?” And “How can community opinions influence the programming and design of adaptive reuse projects?” To collect data, precedent studies and analysis of existing adaptive reuse projects across North America have been conducted, documented, and visually diagrammed for clarity. Also, community outreach has been completed via social media surveys and in-person interviews. A hypothetical design project in a historic neighborhood revealed that prioritizing community needs and leveraging insights from precedent adaptive reuse projects can not only create meaningful benefits for residents but also contribute to addressing the nation’s ongoing housing crisis. Further, the findings of this thesis highlight the need for continued research into the economic aspects of adaptive reuse and its potential to restore housing affordability in Canada. 

Hide abstract

ABSTRACT
TITLE: Optical Properties of Center Distance and Center Near Designs when Used for Myopia Control Methods
ABSTRACT BODY:
Purpose: Myopia progression can be hindered with the use of multifocal lenses. One of the biggest optical differences that can be found amongst multifocal contact lenses is the area of the pupil where the addition is placed (center near vs center distance). Through this study we want to evaluate the optical and visual performance offered by each of these lens modalities.

Methods: The optical profiles of the lenses Biofinity Monofocal, Biofinity Multifocal 2.5 “D” and 2.5 “N” were obtained with the help of the NIMO instrument. The corresponding Visual Strehl in the Frequency Domain (VSOTF) values were calculated for pupil sizes ranging from 1 to 6 mm by using a customized software developed in MATLAB that applies pupil segmentation techniques. Visual acuities were measured in 5 subjects through focus (15 measurements per condition) binocularly wearing “D” lenses, while wearing one “N” (Non dominant eye) and one “D” (dominant eye) lenses, and while wearing a pair of monofocal lenses. Accommodation was paralyzed with tropicamide 1%. VA measurements were performed for pupil sizes with 2 and 6 mm. Measurements were randomized between subjects to prevent learning/fatigue effects.

Results: Multifocal contact lenses offer a better optical quality for a wider range of object vergences than monofocal lenses. Under multifocal vision with 2.5 “D” lenses, the amount of optical and visual quality observed in front of the retina is larger than with monofocal lenses (59% multifocal vs 48% monofocal for a 2 mm pupil and 61% vs 48% for a 6 mm pupil). When using a combination of 2.5 “D” and “N” lenses the amount of visual quality found in front of the retina is a 57 % for a 2 mm pupil and a 59% for a 6 mm pupil.

Conclusions: NIMO results showed the add power was placed in the center of the lens for the “N” lenses and the add power was located on the periphery of the lens in the “D” lenses. All multifocal combinations increased the amount of optical quality available in front of the retina. The best result for myopia progression for 2 and 6 mm is obtained with a binocular use of Biofinity Multifocal 2.5 “D”. Given that using “N” and “D” designs simultaneously introduces differences between the left and right eyes and that this combination does not offer a superior cue to contain myopia progression, we recommend clinicians to use “D” center designs binocularly with patients interested in myopia controlling contact lenses.

Hide abstract

Individuals who are experiencing homelessness, have a myriad of complex health issues, stemming from social determinants of health related to social inequities and disparities of health care services.

Foot care services are lacking among the homeless. The elderly population have difficulty caring for their feet. The feet are often ignored during the health assessment. Many homeless and elderly population have cardiac and diabetic issues, and foot care is essential to promoting their health. Providing health care services to address the feet will promote wellness and prevention of foot issues. Foot care prevention can decrease unnecessary visits to emergency departments.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of foot care among senior community health nursing students, to provide basic foot assessments, foot care and evaluation in vulnerable populations by the nursing students in their community health clinical. Students also wrote reflections on their experiences.

Materials and Methods

A descriptive study of student knowledge in foot care assessment, care, referral, and evaluation of care provided in vulnerable populations within the community (n=72) over 10 weeks. Nursing students were divided into the foot care group (n=13) who received foot care education and provided foot care, while the others were in the control group (n=28). Students provided foot care in a homeless shelter, a transitional housing center for men released from being incarcerated, a low-income city owned housing complex, and an adult day care. Students received information on foot care, and demonstrated assessment and care skills prior to data collection. The 60-second assessment tool and self-care foot assessment were collected on all first-time participants in the study. In addition, a satisfaction survey was given to staff and participants. Equipment used for foot care: foot tub basins with plastic liners, thermometer for water temperature, Epsom salts, nail files, foot scrub, foot lotion, a dremel, nail clippers, tactile monofilament, towels, floor mat, and clean new socks. After a health survey was given and participants agreed for foot care, foot assessments were conducted and foot baths were given using tepid water, nails were filed, and lotion was applied. Instructors were available to provide dremel use. Individuals were educated on self-foot care and referrals were made as needed. Blood pressure readings were offered to individuals receiving foot care. Nursing students wrote reflections on their experience.

Results

Students who received foot care education didactically had significantly higher scores compared to the pretest and the control group P<0.05, whereas the students who did not receive foot care education did not have significant scores on their post-test p =.866. Overall participant satisfaction was 4.88 on a scale of 1- 5. The referral rate overall was 46% (n=33) with 74% of the homeless population (n=17) having the highest referral rate.

Students noted that participants at the homeless shelter had the most significant foot care issues. Students referred the homeless to the health clinic at the shelter as needed. The men at the transitional housing and men at the homeless shelter were eager to get foot care, and many returned for follow up care. The adult day care center had only women, who were excited and thankful to have foot care. A podiatrist used to visit the center in the past but has since retired. The low-income housing units had the least number of participants.

Nursing students wrote self-reflections on the importance of providing foot care as a nurse. Initially, the nursing students were hesitant about being in the community for clinical. As students provided foot care - they formed relationships with people they were serving. The students heard the participants' stories and felt compassion for people. A few of the nursing students who work in the emergency departments said that they will from now on keep "toes in the head-to-toe assessments".

Results

Students who received foot care education didactically had significantly higher scores compared to the pretest and the control group P<0.05, whereas the students who did not receive foot care education did not have significant scores on their post-test p =.866. Overall participant satisfaction was 4.88 on a scale of 1- 5. The referral rate overall was 46% (n=33) with 74% of the homeless population (n=17) having the highest referral rate.

Students noted that participants at the homeless shelter had the most significant foot care issues. Students referred the homeless to the health clinic at the shelter as needed. The men at the transitional housing and men at the homeless shelter were eager to get foot care, and many returned for follow up care. The adult day care center had only women, who were excited and thankful to have foot care. A podiatrist used to visit the center in the past but has since retired. The low-income housing units had the least number of participants.

Nursing students wrote self-reflections on the importance of providing foot care as a nurse. Initially, the nursing students were hesitant about being in the community for clinical. As students provided foot care - they formed relationships with people they were serving. The students heard the participants' stories and felt compassion for people. A few of the nursing students who work in the emergency departments said that they will from now on keep "toes in the head-to-toe assessments".

Results

Students who received foot care education didactically had significantly higher scores compared to the pretest and the control group P<0.05, whereas the students who did not receive foot care education did not have significant scores on their post-test p =.866. Overall participant satisfaction was 4.88 on a scale of 1- 5. The referral rate overall was 46% (n=33) with 74% of the homeless population (n=17) having the highest referral rate.

Students noted that participants at the homeless shelter had the most significant foot care issues. Students referred the homeless to the health clinic at the shelter as needed. The men at the transitional housing and men at the homeless shelter were eager to get foot care, and many returned for follow up care. The adult day care center had only women, who were excited and thankful to have foot care. A podiatrist used to visit the center in the past but has since retired. The low-income housing units had the least number of participants.

Nursing students wrote self-reflections on the importance of providing foot care as a nurse. Initially, the nursing students were hesitant about being in the community for clinical. As students provided foot care - they formed relationships with people they were serving. The students heard the participants' stories and felt compassion for people. A few of the nursing students who work in the emergency departments said that they will from now on keep "toes in the head-to-toe assessments".

Conclusion

The outcomes were favorable among the community partners, students and individuals receiving care. A common theme was the inability of participants to provide their own foot care and having no one to help them. The participants at the homeless shelter were walking the streets every day without access to foot care. We think of nursing assessments as being head to toe, however the feet have not always been a priority, especially in the community. This experience increased the nursing students’ knowledge of vulnerable populations foot care needs and improved foot health in the populations they served. Nursing students gained knowledge of social determinants of health among the vulnerable populations. Students provided compassionate care and carried out the mission of UDM and CHP. Students stated they gained a greater understanding of the homeless population and have a greater understanding when caring for this population when they are patients in the hospital.

Hide abstract

Problem Statement: Recent United States nursing workforce trends have resulted in a nursing shortage, leading health systems to hire Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs). IEN retention is dependent upon the successful adjustment of the IEN into bedside practice. Some facilities lack resources to assist IENs adjust to practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to develop an IEN Transition to Practice Program to be implemented within the Midwest health system/host institution.

Methodology: The project followed the Program Development design, which involved an evidence-based approach to addressing this professional nursing need. Within phase one, the focus of this DNP project, documents including a curriculum plan and professional supportive network were developed to address the transitional needs of the IENs as they adapt to practice in their new health system. The project design included assessment, planning, development, outcomes, and evaluation.

Outcome: Finalized products were handed off to the host facility’s nursing development department for use in phase two.

Nursing Implications: Appropriately implemented IEN Transition to Practice Programs will address the nursing shortage, prepare incoming IENs for successful practice adjustment, and improve patient care.

Hide abstract

Saccades are eye movements that direct attention in the visual field.  The literature is dominated by studies that rely on horizontal saccadic tasks.  A critical gap exists with reference to mechanisms of vertically directed saccades. An asymmetry exists, such that saccades directed downwards tend to be executed later than saccades directed upwards.  Functional asymmetries in healthy brains are important as baseline metrics for diagnosis in disordered brains. We determined cortical correlates of saccadic asymmetry in frontal and parietal areas purported to be involved in saccade preparation. Frontal areas dominate in premeditated saccades, and parietal areas dominate in reflexive saccades. For the present study, we utilized an electroencephalography + electrooculography methodology to identify ERPs associated with the preparation of premeditated, vertically-directed saccades.  Thirteen healthy participants made up-, or down-directed saccades based on a cue at the fixation point. We found greater cortical activity preceding downward directed saccades in the left frontal area. While the same pattern was apparent in parietal areas, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, we provide evidence of cortical asymmetry in the (left) frontal lobe, for the preparation of premeditated vertical saccades. Future studies in our laboratory will continue to address vertical saccade regularities in clinical populations.

Hide abstract

Aquatic environments are frequently exposed to both natural and anthropogenic stressors. Stressors such as chemical pollutants have negative impacts on the environment in which they are present. Chemical pollutants are stressors which negatively impact the environment where they are present. We will examine the effects of the commonly used agrochemical Roundup® (active ingredient glyphosate) and algal toxins, such as microcystin-LR, on cells of the hepatopancreas (liver) of crayfish using flow cytometry and morphological analysis. We found that when crayfish were exposed to microcystin-LR and Roundup®,  there were decreases in fluorescein diacetate and an increase in propidium iodide labeling, indicating a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis post-exposure. These data will be compared to tissue morphology using hematoxylin and eosin-stained hepatopancreas tissues. Using a combination of Roundup® and algal toxins will allow us to determine if these stressors have additive morphological effects. Based on previous research, it is expected that the combined effects of the toxins on the hepatopancreas will be greater than their individual effects. Understanding the individual and combined effects of microcystin-LR and Roundup®, even at low concentrations, in the aquatic environment will provide valuable references for determination of safety thresholds of pollutants and protection of ecologically important and at-risk aquatic organisms.

Hide abstract

Drowsy driving has become an increasingly concerning issue, posing significant risks to public safety. It can seriously impair driver performance, increasing the likelihood of accidents. “...the longer someone remains awake—especially during the night and early morning—the more likely the negative outcomes become. Sleepiness can seriously affect driver performance…every member of the motoring public has probably driven drowsy at some point in their life—and for many this has occurred on multiple occasions” (Higgins., 2017, p.1). Despite this widespread issue, what remains unclear is whether electrophysiological measures, such as brainwave activity, can reliably correlate with drowsy driving behavior. Addressing this knowledge gap could pave the way for innovations, such as alarm systems that detect alpha waves—characterized by their slow, large patterns in the frontal brain—and alert drivers to refocus. To investigate this, we utilized a driving simulation designed by Professor Alan Hoback in the university's engineering department.

Participants from my classes received extra credit for their involvement in my research. Upon selection, I had them complete a consent form and a demographic questionnaire. The majority of the questions were on vision, while some focused on college majors and ethnicity. I then evaluated their contrast sensitivity by having them read the lowest possible text on a contrast sensitivity chart. Next, I positioned the appropriate electrodes on their frontal brain area and neck (for grounding). I presented an additional questionnaire that inquired about their sleep patterns and levels of alertness. Then, I initiated the simulation. The Iworx ReachDL system uses EEG, and I instructed them to begin driving within the simulator. Participants drove on a simulated straight highway for thirty minutes under two conditions. In the experimental group (i.e., Conversation), participants were asked questions during the drive to simulate the presence of a passenger keeping them awake. I waited until the participant stabilized their driving at the five-minute mark, after which I posed a series of questions to assess the impact on their driving and concentration. Some of the questions were “how many siblings do you have? What is something you’ve won and how did you win it? What are some of your nicknames?” (Poole, 2003). In the control group (i.e., No-Conversation), participants drove in silence.  After thirty minutes, I saved and exited the software. I had participants complete a final survey that evaluated their alertness.

We have started to analyze standard deviations in the car’s driving position  (i.e.  how much the driver veered off the center of the lane).  We called this the Swerving Index (SI).  A t test comparing 17 participants over two five minute driving periods in the No-Conversation condition showed some possibility of larger swerving behavior during the latter period (Mean SI for the 10-15 minute period = 2.88 vs Mean SI for the 20-25 minute period = 4.85;  t(16) = 1.73, p =.05).  Our  plan was to run 20 participants in each condition (i.e. No-Conversation and  Conversation).  We will continue to collect driving data.  Additionally, we will analyze brain activity in the left and right frontal hemispheres to explore potential correlations between physiological indices of drowsiness and driving impairment.

Hide abstract

Certain synthetic food dyes have been reported to be harmful to humans leading to various health problems like skin and eye irritation, allergic reactions, and cancer. Due to these potential risks, water treatment for recalcitrant dyes is necessary.  The advanced oxidation process (AOP) of interest for synthetic dye degradation is photocatalysis by titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles when exposed to UV and visible light sources.  TiO2 is the most studied semiconductor for photocatalysis since it is thought to be the most photostable, inexpensive, and nontoxic. Variables that were investigated for optimization of the AOP were irradiation time, heating, mass loading of catalyst, and pH.  It was found that 80% decoloration of dyes could be achieved in 60 seconds of irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light.  Heating was rejected as the cause of the decoloration.  As little as 0.06 g/L catalyst loading was effective. The optimum pH for decoloration of dyes studied was between pH of 2-6. 

Hide abstract

Background:  Saccades are ballistic eye movements used to reorient gaze towards a target in the visual field. An important characteristic of saccade metrics is that they facilitate the development of models to compare inhibitory control in healthy, versus disordered brains. In a healthy brain, the saccade vector is controlled by an unfolding and complex interplay among cerebellar, brainstem, midbrain, and cerebral cortex signals. The superior colliculus (SC) in the midbrain serves as a head/eye movement center that sends saccade commands to brainstem gaze centers. The SC simultaneously receives excitatory input related to many locations in our visual field. As saccadic movements cannot be executed simultaneously in different directions, a control mechanism is needed. Nature’s solution to keep us from chaotic saccade execution, is to place the SC under tonic inhibition. Hence, a saccade is executed when the SC is temporarily released from tonic inhibition.

Asymmetries have been observed in the releasing of up-directed versus down-directed saccades, such that pre-saccadic fixation durations tend to be briefer for saccades directed towards the upper visual field (UpVF) compared to the lower visual field (LoVF). To explain these findings, we developed a theory based on an asymmetric inhibition of the SC for up- versus down-directed saccades. The suggested asymmetric inhibition is adaptive due to the types and amount of environmental information the lower and upper visual fields provide. The lower visual field is filled with distractions, including our limbs, near-torso (peri-personal) objects, and ground level optic flow. To limit distractions from irrelevant stimuli, we suggest that down-directed saccades are adaptively more strongly inhibited compared to up-directed saccades. This results in longer pre-saccadic fixation durations for down-directed saccades. The present experiment was designed to test our theory that the release of saccades into the UpVF is more weakly inhibited than the release of saccades into the LoVF. Specifically, we predict that a flickering distractor in the UpVF will be most disruptive to up-directed saccades. Indeed, from an adaptive perspective, it is important not to inhibit UpVF stimulation, as an unexpected stimulus in this area could be a potential threat. Flicker in the LoVF was not expected to affect down-directed saccades much, because the release of saccades into the LoVF is already strongly inhibited.

Methods: Ten healthy adults wore an eye-tracker as they searched for a small, low contrast target on a computer screen. For analysis of pre-saccadic fixation durations, we utilized a 3 Distractor Location (UpVF, LoVF, None) X 2 Saccade Direction (Upwards, Downwards) repeated measures design. The distractor was a 4 Hz steady-state flickering light strip positioned in the search plane.

Results: The ANOVA indicated a main effect of Distractor Location, such that fixation durations were briefer when the distractor was in the UpVF (p < .05). A main effect of Saccade Direction replicated the asymmetry reported in the literature (i.e., pre-saccadic fixation durations were briefer for saccades directed upwards than downwards, p < .05). To address our specific hypotheses, planned comparisons (relative to no distractor) were conducted to determine how up- and down-directed saccades were affected by UpVF and LoVF Distractor Location.  Fixations preceding up-directed saccades became significantly briefer when the flicker was in the UpVF (p < .01). In contrast, fixations preceding down-directed saccades were not affected by flicker in the LoVF, or UpVF (all p > .01). 

Conclusion: We have shown that steady-state flickering distraction in the UpVF shortens pre-saccadic fixation durations for up-directed saccades. This is adaptive because distractions in extra-personal space beyond arm’s reach tend to appear in the UpVF, and may indicate an incoming threat that needs to be attended to immediately. The flickering lights in the UpVF simulated this threat response and prompted shorter pre-saccadic durations for up-directed saccades for this reason. Additionally, we have corroborated previous findings of shorter pre-saccadic fixation periods for up-directed saccades compared to down-directed saccades across all conditions. Longer pre-saccadic fixation times prior to down-directed saccades are additionally adaptive. Typically, there is more repeated attention-grabbing transient stimulation in peri-personal space within arm’s reach than anywhere else. To prevent continual execution of saccades to the distraction, saccade programs must be strongly inhibited. This observed asymmetry in pre-saccadic fixation periods for up- versus down-directed saccades allows for irrelevant stimuli in the LoVF to be less distracting, while also allowing for potential threats in the distance to be more quickly attended to. The results support our theory of asymmetric inhibition.

Significance:  Many psychiatric disorders (e.g., Schizophrenia) are characterized by impairment in inhibitory control of saccades, yet the characteristics of vertically-directed saccades are not typically addressed in saccade models. Studies like this can directly observe and elucidate how severe pathologies impact visual attention, eye movements, and inhibitory control. If clear and consistent patterns are found in psychiatric individuals, new testing methods can be developed to aid in the diagnostic process. Additionally, if we are able to understand the base visual attention processes and mechanisms impacted in these disorders, there is an opportunity to create interventions that can aid in reducing distractibility and improve functioning.

Hide abstract

Open-cell aluminum foam is solid with a sponge-like structure. The foam is a highly porous material, which makes it light weight. In addition, the good thermal conductivity of aluminum and the huge accessible surface area make the foam a good candidate as an efficient heat sink for electronic systems. Both design and selection of any heat sink requires knowledge of the overall thermal resistance of the heat sink. Metal-foam heat sinks are lacking in terms of values for their thermal resistance and the relationship of that resistance to the morphology of the foam. Values of the thermal resistance allows calculation of the amount of heat transfer that a heat sink can remove. In this study, one aluminum-foam heat sink is investigated via direct experiment. The foam had a porosity of 76.4% and 20 pores per inch (ppi). The dimensions of the heat sink were 110mm x 109mm x 20mm. The foam was brazed to a 2mm-thick aluminum base plate. The average base temperature of the heat sink, when subjected to a constant heat flux of 1217.7 W/m2 and cooled by free convection in room air, was measured. The thermal resistance of the foam heat sink was calculated from the measured base and ambient air temperatures. With known thermal resistance aluminum-foam blocks may become more prevalent as heat sinks for cooling future sensors, electronic modules, and batteries of electric vehicles.

Hide abstract

ABSTRACT

863529518. studies on cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli, have gained significance in the fight against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The presence of heavy metals because of the growing conditions and external structural setup of the florets raises food safety concerns among consumers. In this study, we investigate the level of heavy metals in regular versus organic broccoli florets and their impact on myrosinase activity.

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Broccoli, Myrosinase Activity

Hide abstract

The inhibitory effect of Lactobacilli bacteriocins on myrosinase activity during broccoli glucosinolate breakdown has been widely reported. The benefit of sulforaphane, a byproduct of glucosinolate breakdown by myrosinase, is essential in cancer prevention. This study searches for the best probiotic combination to optimize the enzyme myrosinase activity. 

Hide abstract

Waterborne illnesses pose a significant public health concern in Michigan, affecting communities through contaminated drinking water, recreational water exposure, and aging infrastructure. This poster highlights common waterborne diseases such as Legionnaires' disease, Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, and E. coli infections, detailing their symptoms, transmission pathways, and prevention strategies. It also examines key contamination sources, including industrial pollution, agricultural runoff, and inadequate water treatment. By promoting public awareness and preventive measures such as water testing, hygiene practices, and infrastructure improvements, this resource aims to educate individuals on reducing the risk of waterborne diseases. Reliable information from the CDC, MDHHS, and EPA underscores the importance of proactive water safety measures to protect public health.

Hide abstract

One Health is an approach calling for "the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally, to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment". The One Water approach manages all water; whether from the tap, a stream, a storm, an aquifer, or a sewer in a collaborative, integrated, inclusive, and holistic manner.

Hide abstract

The general focus of the thesis investigation was the need for richer tree canopy in urban interiors, as well as the possible solutions for resolving the lack of it. Various studies have proven that trees are a significant part of the city tissue. However, the growing population, rising land prices, and developing climate change, require a push for improvement in both quality and quantity of arborescent architectural design. The research used in this project explored vertical forestry in the urban context along with the silviculture strategies that could further the design of high-quality urban interiors/corridors. The end product of the thesis investigation is the Vertical Urban Forestry Manifesto, which supports effective (not only) vertical urban forestry design alongside an exemplary case study solution – Replan(n/t)ing Żelazna. The mixed methodology work included data-driven mapping, architectural models architectural drawings, diagramming, and photography. Furthermore, the Vertical Urban Forestry Manifesto was written as a composition of findings from the previously conducted methods. The thesis investigation shed light on a new understanding of urban interiors and corridors as bearing not only circulation but also city enhancement function. Moreover, it further proved the significance of forestry and silviculture in urban design. Vertical urban forestry is under constant development, ranging from various types of research and design attempts to degree of attention to detail. This investigation evidenced the innovative, crucial, theoretical aspects, attempting to popularize the knowledge and present them as the future standard of urban practice.

Hide abstract

Hospitals and healthcare organizations store massive amounts of sensitive patient data, making them a prime target for cyberattacks. From ransomware shutting down hospital systems to stolen patient records being sold on the dark web, these breaches don’t just cause financial losses—they can delay critical treatments and put lives at risk. As healthcare becomes more digital, electronic health records (EHRs), connected medical devices, and third-party systems introduce new vulnerabilities. This research explores why cybersecurity is no longer optional but essential in protecting both patients and healthcare providers. By looking at real-world cases of data breaches, we’ll examine the biggest risks hospitals face, why current security measures often fall short, and what steps can be taken to better protect healthcare data. Strengthening cybersecurity isn’t just about meeting regulations—it’s about ensuring trust, safety, and continuity of care in a world where digital threats are constantly evolving.

Hide abstract

Real estate development is the process responsible for creating the buildings in which we live, work, and play. The process includes many players, which contributes to inefficiency in the development process, driving projects toward the bottom line. This bottom line produces a mindset of short-term thinking, favoring profit over long term components of value for communities. This thesis investigates commercial real estate development from the developer’s perspective and seeks to find a new corporate structure to increase efficiency in the development project life cycle and increase value for developers and communities. This thesis explores what causes inefficiency, how inefficiency contributes to lack of value, how efficiency can be increased, and how efficiency can increase value. Interviews and surveys of real estate professionals combined with in depth case studies of development corporations and properties are utilized as research methods. Findings from research led to the proposal that vertical integration, which will reduce the number of players, should be increased in development corporations through practicing a multidisciplinary, buy and hold approach to development. By increasing vertical integration, multidisciplinary development will increase efficiency. Increasing efficiency will allow for investment in long-term value. A buy and hold approach will allow the corporation to capture the profits from investment in long-term value while simultaneously increasing value for communities by improving the buildings in which we live, work, and play.

Hide abstract

Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process resulting in oxidative degradation of an analyte using ultraviolet and visible radiation in the presence of a catalyst sensitive to that wavelength of radiation. Specific synthetic food dyes have been reported to be toxic to humans in high enough concentrations.  Finding degradation pathways for dyes in waste water is therefore of great interest. In this work titanium dioxide has been investigated for its use as a photocatalyst for use in decolorizing food dyes.  For optimization of the photocatalytic process, several variables were investigated including irradiation time, catalyst dosage, and the presence of reagents that are thought to act as electron acceptors or quenching agents.  Complete decoloration was achieved in five minutes of irradiation.  Pseudo first-order rate constants were calculated and found to range between 0.3 to 0.8 min-1.  Catalyst loading of at least 0.3 g/L was required for full decoloration.  The addition of hydrogen peroxide and ethanol improved decoloration. 

Hide abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse that occurs in a romantic relationship and is experienced by millions of individuals each year. IPV is associated with a number of negative mental health outcomes including depression. Social support is an important factor that may help protect against some of the negative outcomes of IPV (Beeble et al., 2009). Despite the recognized benefits of social support, it is unclear if different sources of social support (e.g., from friends, family, and/or significant others) offer unique protective effects against IPV-related mental health challenges. Additionally, IPV disproportionately affects Black women, with more than 40% experiencing IPV in their lifetime. Black women are also three times more likely to experience severe forms of abuse compared to White women (Waller et al, 2024). These disparities highlight the need to examine how social support functions within this population, particularly given the unique barriers Black women may face in seeking help, including systemic inequalities, cultural stigma, and distrust of law enforcement. The current study examined different types of social support as a potential moderator of the relation between IPV severity and depression symptoms among 273 Black women (mage = 32.05). Participants who indicated they had been in relationships in the past year completed measures of IPV experiences, depression symptoms, and social support (from family, significant other, and friends).  87 (31.9%) participants reported moderate to severe levels of IPV within the past year. Compared to women without IPV experiences, women in the IPV group reported higher scores on depression and lower scores on all three types of social support. A series of regressions were conducted to examine types of social support as moderators of the relation between IPV severity and depression. Results revealed IPV severity did not directly predict depression. Additionally, social support from significant others and friends did not moderate the relation between IPV severity and depression. However, social support from friends emerged as a significant moderator. Specifically, among women with moderate to high levels of support from friends, greater IPV severity was associated with increased depression symptoms. This pattern was not observed at low levels of friend support. This unexpected finding may be explained by co-rumination, in which individuals excessively discuss and dwell on negative experiences within their social support networks, inadvertently reinforcing symptoms of depression and maladaptive coping behaviors (Starr, 2015). Additionally, social support networks experiencing high levels of collective stress may become less effective over time, reducing their ability to provide meaningful support (Bender et al., 2003). While social support is generally viewed as a buffer against mental health challenges, the nature and quality of that support may play a critical role in its effectiveness. These findings highlight the complexity of social support in the context of IPV and depression. Understanding the nuanced role of social support can help inform culturally responsive mental health interventions tailored to the unique experiences of Black women affected by IPV. Additionally, interventions aimed at Black women experiencing IPV should consider strategies to enhance the quality of social support, rather than just increasing its availability.

Hide abstract

            When driving cars, vigilance plays an important role. A portion of accidents are caused by fatigue or drowsiness at the wheel. As the technology for smart cars improves, it becomes increasingly relevant to measure driver safety and status. The first step to making smart cars sensitive to drowsy driving, is to know the characteristics of drowsy driving. The objective of this study is to determine how an extended period of monotonous driving impacts a driver’s driving behavior. Previous literature has established that a lack of stimulation can increase drowsiness and decrease concentration. From a behavioral perspective, vigilance may be measured as the extent of swerving while driving (i.e., standard deviation of the car’s position over the driving session). From a physiological perspective, vigilance may be measured as alpha band activity in the frontal cortex of the driver. I expected vigilance to decrease over an extended monotonous driving period. I expected to observe this as increased swerving behavior. Additionally, alpha band activity is associated with “...mental states of reduced performance or mental inactivity” (Pershin et. al, 2022). I expected to observe an increase in alpha band power over time.

The current study tested 10 UDM students who drove the Alan Hoback Desktop Driving Simulator housed in the Psychology Department’s Vision Research Laboratory. Using a computer mouse, each individual drove in silence for 30 minutes at a fixed speed. Brain activity was monitored by two polar frontal electrodes. The apparatus used was an Iworx ReachDL eeg amplifier controlled by LabScribeDL software. The first five minutes of driving were removed from the data, as driving practice. Preliminary results indicate some increase in extent of swerving between the 10-15 minute and 20-25 minute driving periods (p=.09). At the time of submitting this abstract, the analysis of the physiological data is in progress. Results from three individuals in the dataset suggest some evidence of increased ‘mental inactivity’ over the driving session.  Full results will be presented. The study addresses an important problem for drivers.  Implications for smart cars will be discussed. 

Hide abstract

The human mouth is filled with bacteria, fungi, and viruses that typically live at equilibrium to maintain a healthy environment.  An imbalance of these microorganisms in their environment is responsible for some of the most common diseases in the human mouth including cavities (caries) and periodontal disease.  Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans are among the microorganisms that have long been associated with dental caries. One of the major mechanisms that microorganisms use to cause caries, which can lead to infection, is multi-organismal biofilms.  The adhesion between C. albicans and the bacteria already present in the oral cavity provides an ideal breeding ground for C. albicans growth into biofilms.  Biofilms are defined as microbial communities that bind to a substrate and are encased by an extracellular matrix.  This research aims to identify cell wall genes required for C. albicans and S. mutans biofilm formation. These gene products could be targeted with new drugs to decrease the adherence frequencies and caries formation.  This research was conducted through plating of the mutant yeast strains, inoculation, and spectrophotometer analysis.

Hide abstract

Statement of problem. Cast cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) frameworks for removable partial dentures may have undesirable micromechanical properties leading to clinical failures. Co-Cr frameworks made by selective laser melting (SLM) may have improved micromechanical properties, but comparative studies are lacking. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the micromechanical properties of SLM for Co-Cr alloys with those produced by conventional casting. Material and methods. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards were used to determine material constants and failure stress. For flexural testing, 31×11×1.2-mm specimens were cast (n=10) and selective laser melted (n=10) and tested with a 20-mm support span in a 3-point configuration. The cast specimens had been held in a furnace for 5 minutes to encourage dendrite and columnar grain growth to represent the clinical cast RPD framework microstructure at the zone of failure. These failure points were observed with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Three-point bend tests, mimicking the fracture of RPD clasps, were done at room temperature using a universal testing machine (Instron 5569) to characterize the mechanical properties of cast and SLM specimens. The elastic modulus (E), bending yield strength (σy), strain to yield (εy), ultimate flexural stress (σufs), and resilience (Ur) values for the cast and SLM groups were compared using 2-sided t tests (α=.05) and Weibull analysis was completed with the confidence interval of 95%. Results. The SLM and cast Co-Cr groups have statistically significant differences. The SLM mean values for toughness, yield strength, strain to yield, resilience, and strain to failure were statistically higher than the cast mean values (P<.001). The Weibull distribution of ultimate flexure strength was also significantly different for both groups (P<.001). Conclusions. SLM Co-Cr alloy was found to be tougher than cast Co-Cr alloy. The SLM alloy underwent more flexure before permanent deformation, withstood greater stresses, and had greater failure stress predictability than cast alloy. (J Prosthet Dent In Press)

Hide abstract

Water flossers, which are vital for oral hygiene, accumulate bacteria between uses, with long periods of inactivity increasing
contamination. The progression of bacterial build-up in inactive water flossers are investigated in this study. Three new, unused,
Philips Sonicare Power Flosser 3000 water flossers were filled with Ice Mountain bottled water for 1, 2 or 3 weeks and left as stagnant
water for each time interval prior to sampling water from both the water reservoir and nozzle. Water samples and dilutions were plated
on bacteriological plates and grown at either room temperature or 37°C for 2-5 days prior to counting colonies. Results showed a direct
relationship between usage intervals and higher bacterial levels. Samples from the day the water flossers were first filled showed
about 500-2000 colony forming units (cfu)/ml. After stagnant water was left for 7 days, contamination rose to 50,000-500,000 cfu/ml.
Furthermore, after letting water flossers sit dormant for 2 or 3 weeks prior to sampling, contamination levels rose to to as high as
1,000,000-10,000,000 cfu/ml. Remarkably, a single 10-minute treatment with the antimicrobial mouthwash Antiseptic Listerine Cool Mint, reduced water flosser contamination by more than 100-fold. Analysis of bacteria found in inactive devices suggests that soil and water bacteria predominate. This study emphasizes the need for routine maintenance and cleaning as well as the possible usefulness of antimicrobial mouthwashes in preventing or mitigating bacterial colonization of water flossers. Such discoveries help to improve the safety and efficacy of water flosser use in everyday dental care routines.

Hide abstract

Although there is a body of research on perception and cognition in spiders, there has been little research in a similar arachnid order, the harvester (Opilionidae) a.k.a. daddy longlegs. Despite their similarity, harvesters, which comprise >6650 species, are not spiders, but are more closely related to mites, ticks, and scorpions. Harvesters have two eyes and are believed todistinguish light from dark although the extent of their vision is unknown. Because harvester species actively avoid well-lit areas, they are generally considered to be negative phototactic or photophobic. We initially planned on using this fear of light to test spatial learning in the harvester species Phalangium opilio, native to Michigan. In our pilot tests of a well-lit T-maze with a dark goal box, we found that P. opilio did not try to escape the lit areas. To further investigate this lack of photophobia in P. opilio, we conducted a new experiment in which we placed the harvesters in a shuttle box with a lit side and a dark side. We tested 30 P. opilio for two 10-minute sessions. We found that the majority spent more time on the lit side of the box. We found no difference between males and females nor any difference between captive-hatched and wild-caught P. opilio. Based on this knowledge of P. opilio behavior, we are currently researching other methods to use with this species in the T-maze to further investigate perception and cognition in harvesters.

Hide abstract

A novel allele of Cid (centromere identifier), CidI.3.2, was recently discovered to result in a complete lack of a head in a mosaic eye genetic background. It is important to understand the reasoning behind this so that it can be used to help cancer research in humans. Our research goal is to utilize larval dissection, recombination, and immunohistochemistry to identify how this mutation results in a loss of head during development. The CidI.3.2 allele is an insertion likely eliminating protein function. To utilize a model of reduction, but not loss of Cid, we moved to an RNAi system to reduce expression without complete removal. From these experiments we have found that reducing Cid expression in early eye development results in a dramatic loss of eye size, while reducing Cid expression later in eye development has minimal effects on tissue size. Additionally, we find smaller impacts of Cid reduction in the posterior compartment of the wing. Overall, our findings show the importance of developmental timing with regards the necessity of Cid for Drosophila development. ​

Hide abstract

In this project we showed YouTube comments and the use of natural language processing tools integrated with Python to build an application where we can view the sentiment score of the comment section. Using this score, we can predict how a specific YouTuber’s content is doing within their community. Community is what drives a channel and having their fan base to back it up is what creates a Youtuber’s success. We have taken the comment section from a specific Youtuber’s top five videos and were able to see the difference in positive and negative reviews. This program would allow Youtubers to dive deep into their comment sections and be able to truly understand what their viewer wants.

Hide abstract

The University of Detroit Mercy (UDM) has been awarded a Department of Energy (DOE) Renew America’s Nonprofits grant. The grant was made possible through the Biden Administration’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). The Detroit Collaborative Design Center (DCDC) in the School of Architecture and Commuity Development in partnership with the College of Engineering and Science will improve the energy efficiency of 13 nonprofit-owned buildings located in Detroit, Highland Park and Hamtramck over 4 years. UDM Engineering Faculty and students will do energy audits and building models and DCDC will manage the initiative and work with nonprofit, subrecipients to help them implement energy upgrades. Focus: HOPE, a Detroit-based nonprofit organization offering workforce development programs that prepare individuals for successful careers, is also an initiative partner. They will train individuals in their pre-construction program and connect them to contractors who will be working on the energy improvement projects.

Hide abstract

Providing student opportunities for ccompetency-based, active learning expereinces are vital in developing needed skills and competencies in preparation for transition into professional roles. In a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) epidemiology and population health course, faculty immersed students within a community-engaged learning experience to develop a community-tailored food insecurity program. Incorporation of this experietial learning activity resulted in an ongiong, funded community clnical rotation for pre-licensure nursing students while assimilating DNP knowledge and skills from prior coursework into the implemention of individual DNP projects that addressed other healthcare and community gaps. 

Hide abstract

Unconscious ego defense mechanisms are thought to play a critical role in interpsychic dynamics, emotion regulation, and psychopathology. Additionally, conscious coping strategies have been associated with overall well-being and psychopathology. However, there is a gap in the research about the relationship between unconscious ego defense mechanisms and conscious coping strategies. This study explores the relationship between defense mechanisms and coping strategies assessed from life story interviews and self-report measures, respectively. The results of our linear regression demonstrated that adaptive and maladaptive coping is predictive of adaptive defense functioning emphasizing the relationship between unconscious defenses and conscious coping strategies. Correlations between specific coping strategies and level of defensive functioning are also noted. 

Hide abstract

This presentation is about the application of advanced manufacturing processes to create a functional prototype vehicle. It is done as a term project which is part of the course Manufacturing Processes and its lab. A CAD model of the car body is created and is analyzed for its manufacturability such as draft angles, shrinkage in casting or surface finish quality.  Additive manufacturing is used for quick pattern creation which is used as a pattern for casting to produce the car body. The vehicle is assembled by teams and performance is optimized for competition.  This poster presents details of the design and manufacturing processes involved.   

Hide abstract

Bacteriophages are naturally found pathogens. They are viruses that infect certain bacteria cells. They give an alternative option to many antibiotic-resistant bacteria as treatment. Over recent years, the idea of the use of phage therapy has begun to resurge large amounts of research is being done to properly isolated, purify, and classify phages. In this bioinformatics course, we were introduced to the world of annotating genes in an isolated phage. This phage was sent to the university of Pittsburgh for sequences and was sent back to us for annotation. We used DNA Master program to help us in this task: looking at start codons and stop codon, reading frames, and blast data. We would look at genes and record different information about the gene, we can also change the start codon of a gene or remove a gene if needed. In this paper we will be looking at a phage named MrPhizzler and focusing on a certain gene, Gene_84 in MrPhizzler. When looking at the BLAST data on DNA Master, this gene had a specific function, HNH endonuclease. We are going to take discuss what this HNH endonuclease function is and how it was found during annotation. 

Hide abstract

https://www.canva.com/join/rpw-nyb-cjl --- Link to my project

Hide abstract

By its very nature, One Health is an interdisciplinary idea that incorporates elements of biology, the health sciences and economics, and cultural studies. The One Health Triad-ecosystem health, animal health, and human health, is the central focus of One Health. The American Veterinary Medical Association publishes at least one piece from their virtual collection of primary research publications, "Currents in One Health," each month in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA). However, not all of the studies integrate the whole One Health Triad. The paper examines how frequently each aspect of the One Health Triad is mentioned in publications related to the One Health framework. A review of twenty-nine articles from JAVMA categorized under One Health reveals a significant gap, with many articles focusing primarily on animal health (82.8% of articles directly mentioned animal health) while neglecting ecosystem health (37.9% of articles directly mention ecosystem health). Of the twenty-nine articles, only 34.5% properly represented the One Health concept as they had mentioned each member of the One Health Triad at least once and its interconnectedness with the other members. The confusion between One Health and One Medicine, which is defined as the cooperation between veterinary medicine and human medicine, is also noted, due to 51.7% of articles being categorized under One Medicine, indicating a need for clearer definitions in academic discussions. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of including all aspects of the One Health Triad in research studies to enhance public health strategies and develop effective solutions to global health challenges. This poster advocates for a more integrated approach that addresses the links between humans, animals, and the environment, ultimately aiming for improved health outcomes and sustainable ecosystems.

Hide abstract

This study investigated how much aerosol contamination on goggles with the presence and absence of a face shield during cavitron use after the clinical session. Data were collected from dental hygiene students enrolled at the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry. Using the data collected were 41 samples in Figure 1 which concluded 20 samples were without face shields and 21 with face shields. The samples were graphed using a Mann-Whitney test to compare the Colony Forming Units (CFU)/Swabs from glasses in the presence and absence of a face shield at the University of Detroit Mercy Dental in the red and blue clinic. Results showed that the study proved there to be no significant difference in aerosol contamination on the goggles in both the presence and absence of a face shield. Furthermore, key aspects found the sample size collected was small considering samples collected from various clinicians thus concluding a limiting control that could also conclude the HVE was effective in reducing aerosol contamination. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Hide abstract

At University of Detroit Mercy, service and community engagement are foundational Mercy and Jesuit commitments for accomplishing the mission to integrate intellectual, spiritual, ethical and social development of students. The present collaborative project was initiated by Gleaners Community Foodbank. The core mission of Gleaners Community Foodbank is to prevent food insecurity and provide residents in Southeastern Michigan with access to nutritious foods. The Shared Harvest Pilot Pantry was created to give food pantry users a grocery store experience while meeting their household nutritional needs. This contemporary food pantry breaks down barriers by giving users choice in meeting nutritional needs based on the size of their household. Over the course of one year, a survey was given to clients who visited the pantry, and they were asked a series of questions that aimed to determine the demographics, and their views of the Shared Harvest Pantry. Students at University of Detroit Mercy analyzed the data. The results revealed that the pantry’s modern style is liked by the community. The pantry is well utilized, and satisfaction ratings are high. Studies such as the present one provide information that assists Gleaners Community Foodbank to accomplish its mission.

Hide abstract

In the current film landscape, it is rare that the historical and horror genres intersect in any meaningful way beyond the construction of a unique aesthetic or the clever exploitation of nostalgic audiences. Prano Bailey Bond’s 2021 directorial debut Censor, however, actively uses its historical setting to not only enrich the disturbing arc of its protagonist but to also retroactively dissect how real human paranoia influenced that historical period. Set in 1980s England, Censor follows protagonist Enid Banes, who censors low-budget (and often gratuitously gory) VHS horror movies referred to as “video nasties.” Video nasty censorship was a real and buzzing phenomenon during this time because of contemporary prime minister Margaret Thatcher’s conservative desires to restore “law and order” to England in a time of great social upheaval and rebellion against tradition. By analyzing the plot, writing, and physical frame composition of this film, this project explores how Bailey-Bond borrows Thatcher’s Iron Lady archetype to enhance Enid’s narrative arc, as she employs censorship as a way of manipulating control over her life and redeeming her morally questionable past. Further, this project acknowledges how Enid’s tragic manic spiral to gain control can offer a better understanding of what triggered the real video nasty ban in the first place. Both this project and the film Censor demonstrate the ever-increasing threat that panic, paranoia, and the desire to control the uncontrollable pose in disrupting social order and leading to devastating disasters. 

*Censor is the name of Bailey-Bond's 2021 film and can not be properly italicized in this text box.

Hide abstract

Childhood abuse and maltreatment have been shown to adversely impact adult (conscious) coping and overall functioning (Scheffler et al., 2019). There is little investigation into the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and the adaptiveness of adulthood defensive functioning. This study explores the relationship between two types of childhood adversities – household dysfunction and maltreatment – and observer-rated defense mechanisms assessed from life story interviews (McAdams, 2007). 

Adults who had exposure to maltreatment in their childhood tended to exhibit greater use of immature defense mechanisms when describing important aspects of their life story. These findings imply adverse childhood experiences of maltreatment leave individuals with maladaptive means of unconsciously processing or defending against conflicts and anxiety. Maltreatment in childhood was associated with the use of devaluation, rationalization, autistic fantasy, and splitting defenses. The results of this study underscore the importance of analyzing defense mechanisms to better understand how adult survivors of childhood maltreatment and household dysfunction manage their trauma.

Hide abstract

PTSD can negatively affect a range of psychological functions, including the capacity to cope with stress (Van der Kolk, 2003).  Defense mechanisms are considered unconscious coping mechanisms that aid in the management of internal and external stressors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Some defenses (e.g., sublimation or humor) are  adaptive and healthy, and are considered an aspect of resilience (Vaillant, 2011). Other defenses (e.g., denial or splitting) are considered pathological and can interfere with work or interpersonal functioning. This study will explore the affects of PTSD on defensive functioning in a sample of at-risk urban female primary care patients. We hypothesize that women who meet the criteria for PTSD according to the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-4 (PCL-4) will: 1) evidence a lower relative use of adaptive/healthy defenses and 2) evidence a higher relative use of more pathological defenses as reliably assessed from a psychodynamically-informed interview. 

Non-PTSD women had a higher relative use of adaptive defenses (resilience). Non-PTSD women also had a higher relative use of obsessional defenses (isolation of affect, intellectualization, and undoing). These defenses remove affect from verbal content. Women with PTSD displayed a higher relative use of Major Image Distorting defenses (splitting and projective identification). Fostering the development of healthy defenses and lessening the use of pathological defenses can serve as targets for non-exposure-based therapies (e.g., Interpersonal Psychotherapy - IPT). Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether a lower relative use of healthy defenses and a higher relative use of pathological defenses are a risk factor in developing PTSD or trauma symptoms.

Hide abstract

V-lab Innovation Center is focused on three design goals that strive to meet Vlab’s narrative: connect the Dequindre cut, optimize occupant experience, and minimize energy-use. Our design began with research on the riverfront area through a site analysis of the existing conditions, pedestrian pathways, and environmental conditions of the area. These analyses gave us the necessary information to make a driven narrative focused on improving the connection between people and space. As we continued our research and design, we moved towards a structural approach on sustainability. We began to focus on how materiality and technology can improve the environment and have a positive impact on the occupants of a building. Specifically, we worked on energy-use, shading strategies, and understanding our design’s carbon footprint. Our design was driven by Detroit’s climate and our research reflected our understanding of its changing seasons and increasing climate change. To apply our knowledge and strategies, we conducted experimental research using Cove tool to test our active and passive systems. To ensure our goal of a sustainable building, we tested optimization of daylighting, energy use intensity, and rainwater management. We spent extensive time researching shading devices to balance a large amount of natural daylight and minimal glare entering the building while providing shade at needed times. Along with sustainability came optimizing occupancy needs. We conducted research on office buildings and the design strategies to create a welcoming, comfortable space that encouraged people to connect with their surroundings. Our approach was driven by collaboration and flexibility in the work environment. Our programming prioritizes team collaboration and occupant comfort. Through our study of energy use and occupancy comfort, our design was shaped into a connection point between the Dequindre Cut and River front for pedestrians and occupants.

Hide abstract

Perfectionism is a complex trait with several aspects that can be expressed adaptively and maladaptively. At its core, perfectionism is associated with a psychological need to be flawless and precise. Grit, while related to perfectionism, represents a unique mixture of traits (e.g., persistence, perseverance, passion) that results in long-term sustained effort towards achievement and durability during setbacks and failure. Theoretical literature suggests that grit (Schimschal et al., 2023) and perfectionism (Stoeber, 2018) can be influenced by factors of malignant self-regard (MSR; Huprich & Malone, 2022). MSR is a comprehensive self-representation that accounts for much of the shared features within internalizing-based personality disorders (PD) and pathology, namely Depressive PD, Masochistic/self-defeating PD, and the vulnerable narcissism construct. While several of MSRs core features intersect with perfectionism and grit, an empirical assessment of MSRs relation to perfectionism and grit remains absent. A sample (n = 280) of American adult participants was drawn from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk Program (Mturk) to assess this relationship. Correlational, analysis of variance, and regression analysis provide support for an empirical relationship between MSR, maladaptive perfectionism, and Grit. The results reflect the following: 1) all scales achieved strong to excellent levels of internal consistency. 2) All aspects of maladaptive perfectionism and grit were significantly related to MSR with moderate to strong effect sizes. 3) MSR was most closely associated with self-critical and narcissistic perfectionism. 4) While self-critical and narcissistic perfectionism increased linearly with MSR severity, no group differences were observed between medium and high MSR severity for rigid perfectionism. 5) Higher levels of socially prescribed perfectionism, doubts about actions, concern over mistakes and lower levels of grit were the strongest predictors of MSR in this sample. 6) The low MSR group scored just below one standard deviation on the Grit measure suggesting that a less severe MSR presentation might be indicative of a gritty individual limited by perfectionist strivings. These results have three core implications. 1) Aspects of maladaptive perfectionism and grit appear to be useful discriminating variables in the assessment of MSR severity. 2) It appears that insecurity (doubts about actions) and sensitivity (concern over mistakes) about one’s abilities coupled with a lack of perseverance (grit) in the context of perceived external expectations (socially prescribed perfectionism) results in high levels of MSR. 3) While individuals lower in MSR might still struggle with perfectionist self-standards, they seem to report a relatively higher degree of persistence, passion, and perseverance in achievement settings. This research offers several theoretically inclusive and empirically grounded opportunities for intervention in the context of MSR at multiple levels of severity. One may challenge distorted cognitions about perceived abilities, invite curiosity about the origins of supposed “external” expectations, and/or suggest activities that result in improved grit. In conclusion, the results bolster the construct validity and clinical utility of MSR as an integrative, transdiagnostic, and dimensional assessment of personality-driven internalizing pathology.

Hide abstract

Problem or major purpose:

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can lead to severe psychological distress, often manifesting as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, and avoidance of reminders. CSA characteristics, such as the use of physical force and increased abuse duration/frequency, have been linked to worse mental health outcomes (Springer et al., 2003). Examining how CSA characteristics contribute to mental health severity can help tailor clinical interventions for survivors. Additionally, Black women have been underrepresented in trauma research despite facing unique challenges, including higher CSA rates and compounded stress from racial and gender discrimination, which may intensify trauma effects. The current study examined how CSA characteristics impact PTSD symptoms among a sample of Black women.

Procedure:

As part of a larger study, data were collected from 429 Black, African American, or Black multiracial women living in the United States. Women completed the CAMI-CSA (DiLillo et al., 2006) to examine CSA characteristics and the PCL-5 (Weathers et al., 2013) to assess PTSD symptom severity. PTSD symptoms are categorized into four clusters—Cluster B (Intrusion/Re-experiencing), Cluster C (Avoidance), Cluster D (Negative Alterations in Cognition/Mood), and Cluster E (Arousal and Reactivity). A series of linear regressions were conducted with CSA survivors to examine CSA characteristics (i.e., abuse duration, relationship to perpetrator, physical force use, penetration, abuse frequency, age of onset) as predictors of total PTSD symptom severity and PTSD cluster severity, examined separately.

Results:

Findings revealed 181 women (42%) reported CSA. Among CSA survivors, regressions revealed increased duration and frequency of abuse predicted increased total PTSD symptom severity. Duration of abuse was the only significant CSA characteristic predicting greater PTSD symptom cluster severity (clusters B, D, E). No significant predictors emerged for cluster C.

Conclusions and implications:

This study highlights how duration and frequency of abuse play an important role in predicting PTSD symptom severity among Black women. Notably, 42% of participants reported experiencing CSA—a rate higher than findings among Black women in other studies, where it was 34.1% (Amodeo et al., 2006). The link between longer abuse duration and greater symptom severity across clusters (B, D, and E) aligns with prior research, which has identified abuse duration as a strong predictor of more severe PTSD symptoms (Livingston et al., 2022). These results underscore the need for trauma-informed, culturally sensitive treatments that address the specific CSA characteristics influencing mental health outcomes in Black women. By tailoring interventions to these unique needs, practitioners can more effectively support Black women survivors and potentially improve long-term mental health outcomes. The study contributes to a growing body of literature that emphasizes the importance of understanding trauma within the context of the survivor’s cultural and social environment.

References

Amodeo, M., Griffin, M. L., Fassler, I. R., Clay, C. M., & Ellis, M. A. (2006). Childhood sexual abuse among Black women and White women from two-parent families. Child maltreatment, 11(3), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559506289186

Livingston, N. A., Farmer, S. L., Mahoney, C. T., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (2022). The role of PTSD symptom clusters and criterion in predicting future high-risk drug and alcohol use among returning veteran men and women. Psychological services, 19(2), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000538

Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M. (2003). The long-term health outcomes of childhood abuse. An overview and a call to action. Journal of general internal medicine, 18(10), 864–870. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20918.x

Hide abstract

Predicting accident severity using data analysis and machine learning is vital for enhancing road safety, as this data can help policy makers and law enforcement gain insights on factors leading to accidents and unsafe driving. Current research in this space indicates that some limitations are present, one being that data is either not big enough to provide sufficient insights or too old to be of any use. Related works have started utilizing machine learning algorithms to build accident severity prediction models. However, despite these models being available, from our insights we notice that accidents in the United States have been on a rise since 2016, while average accident severity has been on a decline. For our project, we propose building an accident severity model using Random Forest and Decision Tree algorithms. We will also perform an exploratory analysis of the data to gain unique insights that may be able to help reduce this rise in accidents. Our findings reveal which States, Cities and time zone in the United States have the highest occurrences of accidents. We also identify how weather conditions, road features, time and seasonality contribute to this rise in accidents. Our model shows the random forest algorithm outperforming the decision tree algorithm and with the insights provided, we hope this information will be of use to policy makers as they try to implement policies to make roads safer for everyone. ​

​

Hide abstract

As AI technologies like ChatGPT continue to evolve rapidly, it’s imperative that we grasp their impact on student learning within educational environments. The integration of such AI tools promises to revolutionize traditional teaching methods by providing personalized, interactive learning experiences. With these rapid advancements of AI tools like ChatGPT in the field of education, there comes the need for through understanding and assessment of how ChatGPT influences various aspects of student education, from enhancing student engagement and facilitating individualized learning paths to potentially challenging aspects like maintaining academic integrity and the ethical concerns AI. Delving into these dynamics is crucial for educators and policymakers to harness AI’s full potential while mitigating any adverse effects, ensuring that its incorporation into educational settings is both beneficial and conducive to fostering a rich, effective learning environment for students. To accomplish this, this study will utilize the rapid review approach to answer the following questions research questions, first, how does incorporating ChatGPT affect the learning of students. Second how can ChatGPT facilitate the creation of personalized learning journey for students and lastly how does the utilization of ChatGPT by students affect their perceptions towards academic integrity and honesty. Using Google Scholar search engine and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used to acquire and screen relevant scholarly works used to provide insights on our research questions. Finds of this study revealed that ….. and the findings of this study aim to help educators to maximize the benefits of ChatGPT while minimizing their negative impact.

Hide abstract

Air pollution can be harmful to a person’s health, causing respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Increased outdoor air levels of fine particulate matter correspond to increased hospitalizations for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, and other serious health problems. It is important to check the air quality in your local area and be aware.

Hide abstract

Lane detection and tracking is a crucial component of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles, enabling vehicles to identify road boundaries and stay safely within their lane. This research focused on developing a software system that detects road lanes in a driving video using classical image processing techniques such as illumination normailzation, edge detection, thresholding, region of interest (ROI) masking, perspective correction, connected-component analysis, and the Hough transform. This project works through the various stages of the image processing pipeline, applying algorithms to process video frames and extract lane markings. Ultimately, the goal was to develop reliable algorithms that can adapt to diverse driving scenes and conditions.

Hide abstract

This research explores strategies to transform conventional car-centric, low-density suburbs in Metro Detroit, MI, into more vibrant, sustainable, and socially connected places by adapting models from European suburbs. The study addresses the cultural, health, and environmental flaws of post-war suburban development patterns in the U.S. that prioritized automobile dependency and use-segregated zoning. Precedents from Vauban, Germany, and other European suburbs demonstrate alternative models centered on walkability, mixed-use density, transit connectivity, and community-oriented design.

To address these challenges, this thesis investigates the historical, cultural, and social factors shaping suburban housing preferences and community life in Metro Detroit, aiming to identify current issues and propose revitalization strategies inspired by European precedents. The work seeks to envision a paradigm shift in suburban planning and design that transforms neighborhoods into sustainable, socially connected, and vibrant places, fostering a profound sense of community and belonging.

A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining historical analysis of Detroit's suburban evolution, comparative case studies of U.S. and European suburbs, GIS mapping of current suburban morphologies, photo-elicitation surveys on perceptions, and design experiments reimagining local suburbs using adapted European strategies. The findings reveal the dominance of disconnected, car-centric layouts in Detroit's suburbs, limiting walkability and community compared to the nodal connectivity and land-use diversity of European models. Integrating mixed-use nodes, "complete streets," and placemaking adapted to local culture could transform the social vibrancy of Detroit's neighborhoods.

By bridging international best practices with Detroit's unique dynamics, this research contributes to the discourse on livable suburban development, demonstrating a methodology for transforming sprawling neighborhoods into vibrant communities through urban design, planning, and engagement strategies. Ultimately, the investigation provides a valuable model for architects and planners to sensitively reshape suburbs by examining interactions between history, lived experiences, and physical form.

Hide abstract

This research investigates cannabis use among Physician Assistant (PA) students in Michigan, employing a longitudinal design and standardized surveys to assess prevalence, risk factors, perceptions, and effects on academic performance. Research attention has turned to cannabis use among healthcare professionals, including PA students. Recent studies reveal varying rates of use, prompting research extension to PA students nationally. Stress, workload, and social dynamics are key considerations, with stress levels acknowledged as a potential contributor to substance use among healthcare students. This study aims to understand PA students' attitudes towards cannabis, considering cultural norms, perceived benefits, and risks. Additionally, it explores potential effects on academic performance, drawing insights from related fields to understand its impact on the academic journey of PA students. 

The initial assessment will collect demographic information, prevalence data on cannabis use, identify risk factors such as stress levels, and explore students' perceptions and attitudes towards cannabis. The study will adopt modified standardized surveys, including the Core Alcohol and Drug Use Survey and the Perceived Stress Scale, to ensure reliable data collection.The follow-up assessments will track changes over time and include qualitative interviews to gain insights into students' experiences, motivations, and coping mechanisms. Ethical considerations, participant retention strategies, and data analysis using mixed-effects models for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data are integral components of the study.

In conclusion, this study will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of cannabis consumption patterns among PA students in Michigan. By employing a robust methodology, the research aims to provide nuanced insights that can inform targeted interventions, policies, and support strategies tailored to the unique needs of this population within the evolving landscape of cannabis legalization.

Hide abstract

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic tools. In this study, we explore the efficacy of machine learning algorithms in classifying heart disease from tabular data typically contained in patient electronic health records (EHR). Leveraging a dataset of 740 points comprising various clinical attributes, including demographic information, medical history, and diagnostic tests, we conducted a comprehensive analysis employing logistic regression, a one-layer neural network, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes, and random forest classifiers.

Multiple iterations of each model were performed, encompassing different random seeds and hyperparameter configurations. Our results demonstrate superior performance compared to established benchmarks using the same dataset, showcasing the potential of machine learning techniques in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for heart disease. Notably, across several of the tested models, we achieved slightly higher accuracies than the baseline, indicating the robustness and generalizability of our approach.

Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of model selection and hyperparameter tuning in optimizing classification accuracy. The comparative analysis reveals nuanced differences in performance among the employed algorithms, shedding light on their respective strengths and limitations in this domain. The best performers were the one-layer neural network and SVM classifier, reaching 82.1% and 83.3% test accuracies, respectively.

Overall, our study contributes to the growing body of literature on leveraging machine learning for healthcare applications, offering insights into effective strategies for heart disease classification from tabular data. These findings reinforce the potential of machine learning models in addressing critical diagnostic tasks, while concurrently achieving superior performance.

Hide abstract

The project focuses on developing a machine learning model for identifying patterns in stock market data to trigger automated trading notifications. Utilizing historical minute-wise data from ten selected companies over the past five years, the aim is to leverage time-series analysis and machine learning techniques such as Decision Trees, Random Forests, and LSTM networks for predictive modeling. This model is intended to highlight potential market opportunities or risks. The approach involves extensive data preparation, feature engineering using technical indicators, model training, and evaluation based on metrics like Recall, Precision, and Mean Absolute Error. Ultimately, the project will implement a real-time pattern recognition and notification system. This interdisciplinary project combines data collection, machine learning, and software engineering tasks, distributed among team members, and is scheduled over an eleven-week timeline culminating in a final presentation to stakeholders.

Hide abstract

Mutant M.3.2 was identified in a conditional Flp/FRT screen on chromosome 2R in the adult eye screening for mutations that disrupted cell growth, cell cycle, and organ development. This mutation was characterized and mapped as part of the Fly-CURE consortium by undergraduate researchers at the University of Detroit Mercy, Ohio Northern University, and Morehouse College. The mosaic phenotype of M.3.2 results in a deformed mosaic eye that has an expansion of cuticle, a smaller adult eye, and other developmental disruptions. To identify the mutation causing these severe phenotypes, we utilized deficiency mapping to locate the region on 2R. Initial mapping found a region on chromosome 2R that failed to complement. Further mapping identified M.3.2 failed to complement two independent alleles of tout-velu, suggesting that M.3.2 is a novel allele of tout-veluM.3.2.

Hide abstract

The poster we are proposing will illustrate the characterization of women as "drama queens,” a cliché that portrays women as excessively emotional and irrational. This stereotype proves to be a double-edged sword as even though women are expected to be emotional, they are frequently criticized or have their credibility undermined for being so, or their emotions are dismissed as inauthentic or unimportant.

Being so deeply ingrained in our culture, the drama queen stereotype affects many aspects of women's lives, including their relationships and careers. This may lead women to feel they need to suppress their emotions to succeed, leading to self-doubt and inadequacy. Men are negatively impacted by this characterization as well, in that they are often expected (or even directed) to suppress their emotions which has lasting personal and interpersonal consequences and may contribute to the stereotype of men as being violent/physical.

The negative perception of women as dramatic intersects with other forms of discrimination (ableism, classism, sizeism, racism, etc) which compounds the oppression of marginalized women. This stereotype is often attributed even more heavily to certain groups of women, such as LGBTQ+ women or BIPOC women. Recognizing and addressing these stereotypes can help us to break the cycle of invalidation, silencing, and erasure of women's voices, and to create a more inclusive society.

Hide abstract

Victoria Prus

Studio Advisor:  Virginia Stanard

Thesis Title: Creating a new healing environment

Thesis Subtitle:  A new healing phase to aid those in behavioral facilities

This thesis investigation focuses on understanding new ways to benefit patient experience and recovery within behavioral facilities. The current issue within behavioral facilities is that they are not fulfilling their duties in the sense that patients are not feeling well mentally, physically and behaviorally. A large portion of the American and Canadian population struggle with mental health issues and struggle to find help within these facilities, as their experiences are often associated within negative emotions. This thesis focuses on addressing the current issue of patient experiences in behavioral facilities that has been a continuous concern but remains unaddressed. This study's purpose is to find ways to improve patient experience and recovery time in behavioral facilities and to reduce re-hospitalization rates within these facilities. By using literature reviews, patient interviews and analyzing current behavioral facilities, new design implementations have been discovered to benefit patients' mental, physical and behavioral health. Along with patient interviews, helpful feedback was given to address the current issues and find solutions found through literature. It was found that there has been a push to implement new design features within behavioral facilities, but there is a lack of that push in Canada and the United States. Behavioral facilities have grown but still seem to be missing a part that fully helps their patients recover and benefits their overall health. A healing model has been developed to enhance patient experience in behavioral facilities and provides a framework for designing this type of facility.  

Hide abstract

This thesis investigation focuses on understanding new ways to benefit patient experience and recovery within behavioral facilities. The current issue within behavioral facilities is that they are not fulfilling their duties in the sense that patients are not feeling well mentally, physically and behaviorally. A large portion of the American and Canadian population struggle with mental health issues and struggle to find help within these facilities, as their experiences are often associated within negative emotions. This thesis focuses on addressing the current issue of patient experiences in behavioral facilities that has been a continuous concern but remains unaddressed. This study's purpose is to find ways to improve patient experience and recovery time in behavioral facilities and to reduce re-hospitalization rates within these facilities. By using literature reviews, patient interviews and analyzing current behavioral facilities, new design implementations have been discovered to benefit patients' mental, physical and behavioral health. Along with patient interviews, helpful feedback was given to address the current issues and find solutions found through literature. It was found that there has been a push to implement new design features within behavioral facilities, but there is a lack of that push in Canada and the United States. Behavioral facilities have grown but still seem to be missing a part that fully helps their patients recover and benefits their overall health. A healing model has been developed to enhance patient experience in behavioral facilities and provides a framework for designing this type of facility.  

Hide abstract

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of resorbable amniotic membranes as opposed to traditional collagen membranes in the treatment of peri-implantitis, an inflammatory process characterized by progressive bone loss surrounding Osseo integrated implants. Through advancement in dental materials, resorbable amniotic membranes have been manufactured and contain biological factors that are proposed to promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation, and reaccelerate flap attachment. The current study randomly assigned 15 patients to receive either a conventional collagen membrane or a resorbable membrane derived from a human amniotic source both in combination with a bone allograft. Clinical and microbiological parameters were recorded at the initial, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 1 year appointment. It has been shown that patients with peri-implantitis that received conventional collagen membranes along with a bone allograft showed a stronger reduction in probing depths at the deepest initial probing sites (3.9mm +/-1.2mm) compared to amniotic membranes (2.1mm +/-1.4mm, p=0.02 by the Students’ T-test). qPCR-based microbial analysis of six periodontal pathogens indicated reductions in Red complex organisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) and Filifactor alocis, in several patients treated with either collagen or amniotic membranes when compared over 12 months after treatment. We are currently awaiting results of cytokine analysis as an additional marker of healing and reduction of inflammation following treatment. Our results indicate collagen membranes facilitate better healing post peri-implantitis surgery than amniotic membranes.​

Hide abstract

Detroit’s image is atrophied due to its flooding and remains at greater risk than any city around the Great Lakes Basin. The literature has determined the city’s future of flood resilience to be equivalent to future ecology, meaning the alliance and implementation of nature that will be embedded into future development. Ecological resiliency reflects characteristics similar to assessed resilience interpretations from thinkers and theorists (C.S. Holling, Barbara B. Wilson, Brian Walker, David Salt, Victor Delaqua, K.H. Liao, etc.), entailing non-traditional methods and decentralized collective responses to adapt and absorb yearly shock.

Nature is the paragon of these qualities and the long-term environmental panacea; it is the solution in which cities must work symbiotically with nature’s forces rather than deterring or controlling its outcomes. How can Detroit be envisioned as a city that utilizes and collaborates with nature, and what aspects of nature can be mimicked into its future infrastructure? This study explores factors in Detroit contributing to flooding and proposes a vision of how the city may evolve if nature-based solutions are employed within the next century.

Mapping its flood trajectory, Detroit is revealed to be submerged by the next century, urging a re-envisioned and interconnected landscape to achieve flood resilience. Upon documenting city-induced challenges to inundation, experimental design interventions are conducted to test alternative processes in implementing water and nature within daily programs—infrastructural flaws within the status quo call for drastic and visionary city planning. The success of future ecological design is predetermined through holistic and systematic approaches requiring more than traditional urban planning or landscape processes; Detroit’s flood resiliency requires interconnectedness.

Hide abstract

Microplastic (MP) contamination in drinking water, particularly bottled water, has raised significant concerns due to its potential health risks. Microplastics, capable of absorbing toxic substances like heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, may cause adverse health effects such as inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to optimize Nile Red (NR) dye as a fluorescent staining agent for detecting microplastics in bottled water, with the hypothesis that flavored and carbonated bottled waters would exhibit higher levels of microplastic contamination due to their complex packaging and additives. NR, a lipophilic dye known for selectively binding to plastics, was used to quantify microplastic contamination in ten bottled water samples purchased from commercial sources. Each sample was stained with 5 mL of NR dye in a 35 mL mixture, and microplastic particles were captured using ZIP software and analyzed with ImageJ for quantification. Procedural blanks were introduced to minimize contamination risks, and sterilization protocols were followed rigorously. Of the 50 total bottles processed, 90% showed some sign of microplastic contamination. After accounting for possible background (lab) contamination, an average of 34.048 microplastic particles >100 um in size per liter of bottled water processed were found. In the plastic cups, the count and area of MP fibers were found to be significantly higher compared with blanks (p < 0.05), but not MP particles or total MP. In paper cups, the count or area was not significantly different in terms of MP particles, MP fibers, or total MP. No interesting trend was observed in the distribution regarding the size of MP particles or fibers. The results highlight the need for enhanced monitoring and regulation of microplastic contamination in bottled water and emphasize the importance of optimized detection methods to assess contamination levels accurately.

Hide abstract

Artificial Intelligence backed applications are offering comprehensive functionalities for all phases of the architectural design process. This paradigm of Automatic Design presents both challenges and opportunities for the future of the architectural discipline. Education and practice will have to adapt to changes that emerge through this shift towards the value-engineering of design work. The purpose of this research inquiry is to explore how developing AI technologies can be met with consideration towards their responsible use to preserve design authenticity and creativity. This study is contextualized through literature review on architecturally applicable artificial intelligence, architectural design, architectural education, and the intersection between these topics. Methods employed in this study include a comparative analysis on the current possibilities of AI backed applications compared to aspects of design as process. The outcomes of this analysis informed considerations towards AI use in design. This resulted in an augmented design framework and risk assessment of aspects of architectural design. This study suggests that is AI is harnessed responsibly, it could offer affordances towards the incomputable aspects of design; focusing on tacit, creative and critical thought in the process. Opportunity exists to practice contestability towards the proliferation of Automatic Design in the architectural discipline; to use the computational power of AI to augment instead of automating the architectural design process. 

Hide abstract

The cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa produces the toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and is found in toxic algal blooms in various freshwater environments. MC-LR causes liver and tissue damage in aquatic organisms. Atrazine (ATR) is a commonly applied herbicide in the US and is toxic following acute exposures. These toxins can often be found together in aquatic environments and thus may act synergistically. Very little information is available regarding their cumulative effects on tissues such as the liver. To examine cumulative effects, we exposed crayfish (Faxonius virilis) to 10 ppb atrazine, 10 ppb MC-LR, a combination of 10 ppb atrazine and 10 ppb MC-LR, and a control (DMSO diluent only) for 96 hours. Following exposure, we removed the hepatopancreas (liver), examined and compared the lobular morphology of each group of crayfish. We hypothesize that morphological defects such as vacuolization, lumen dilation, and epithelial degeneration will be amplified in the crayfish exposed to both atrazine and MC-LR. Our research demonstrates that both ATR and MC-LR exposure causes hepatopancreas damage. Overall, impairment of hepatopancreas tissues could lead to changes in biotransformation, detoxification, digestion and molting, subsequently reducing crayfish populations and negatively impacting the aquatic ecosystem.

Hide abstract

Social interactions are desirable and crucial for fostering empathy and understanding. However, contemporary trends suggest a decline in spontaneous interactions, replaced by a culture of screen-mediated isolation. Proxemics, the study of space and behavior, is the main driving force behind this thesis design, distinguishing four distinct spatial-behavioral zones - intimate, personal, social, and public, that define the varying degrees of physical distance and facilitate or constrain interpersonal engagement. The motive of this thesis is to curate a design that enables interactions, using the University of Detroit Mercy as the site study, and ask: Can design interventions alter users’ personal space to generate interactions between strangers? What design strategies can generate a shared experience between strangers to enable them to interact? How can the design influence the frequency of new random interactions? Methods used include firsthand observations, literature reviews, precedent studies, and installations. These method studies led to the findings of variables that contribute to facilitating or constraining interpersonal engagement. Each plays a crucial role in the realm of interactions. Why should people interact? To understand someone else’s point of view. This can all be done through designed conversations. What does that design look like? The thesis tackles the question and proposes a design strategy that enables conversations through thought-out proposal strategies implemented in the University of Detroit Mercy campus. This is a valuable finding as interventions can influence personal behavior and foster a more understanding world through conversations.

Hide abstract

Bacteriophages are viruses that target bacteria. The demand for studying bacteriophages has increased due to it’s importance within the field of therapeutic phages. Because of the bacteriophages’ high specificity in aiming for their target bacteria,this process can help us develop more effective treatments for bacterial infections. One limiting factor to understanding and developing better phage therapy is that only 25 % of sequenced genes have a known or even hypothetical function. The research will consist of molecular cloning, phenotypic assay, and interaction assay. So far, our group has built the foundation of identifying the functionality of these genes within the phage Xeno through processes such as polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, chemical transformations, and isothermal assembly. Xeno is a siphovirdae bacteriophage that targets Mycobacterium smegmatis. Its genome is 42395 nucleotides long and was calculated to contain 69 different genes. We have tested 30 out of the 69 genes, with 18 out of the 30 tested being functional. The purpose of this research in identifying the functionality of the gene, is to proceed in completing the cytotoxicity, as well as the defense assays to begin the cloning required for the hybrid experiments.

Hide abstract

Rapid shifts in visual gaze, known as saccades, enable humans to change eye fixation points without any motion blur. Since saccadic study has been largely relegated to horizontal saccadic responses, the cortical activity governing vertically directed saccadic responses are much less researched. The goal of the present research study is to describe brain activity connected to vertical saccades, and to determine differences in the brain activity patterns for focal and peripheral saccade cues. To do this, participants are fitted with electrooculography electrodes to detect  saccades, and an electro-encephalography cap to monitor the preceding brain activity.  The participant’s task is to make a saccade up, or down, when cued either by an arrow located at the point of eye fixation (i.e., endogenous saccade cue), or the onset of a light in peripheral vision (i.e., exogenous saccade cue). The experiment is part of a series designed to describe vertical saccade control in healthy adults.  Findings are important for applications to diagnosis of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, that are characterized by  altered saccadic control. Data collection and event-related potential analysis of presaccadic brain activity are in progress.

Hide abstract

The Innovation Lab was designed with three primary objectives: to foster connectivity, enhance experiential qualities, and create a highly sustainable building. Our design process was guided by extensive research, incorporating qualitative, secondary, and applied methodologies. We began with qualitative observational research, conducting on-site visits to analyze the existing environmental conditions, pedestrian flow, and spatial characteristics. This initial study helped us understand how users currently interact with the site and informed our approach to improving connectivity and engagement. As the project progressed, we conducted secondary research to evaluate critical factors such as climate, infrastructure, and energy efficiency. Understanding Detroit’s climate, seasonal variations, and sustainability challenges allowed us to make informed decisions about material selection, glazing optimization, and shading strategies. To ensure the building’s energy performance was efficient, we used applied research, testing both passive and active systems to optimize thermal comfort, daylighting, and energy use intensity (EUI). One of our key design achievements was creating a space that strengthens the relationship between the interior and exterior experience of the building. Strategically we established a welcoming atmosphere where people outside feel invited in, and those inside remain connected to their surroundings. To further enhance sustainability, we utilized Cove.Tool, a data-driven simulation platform that allowed us to refine our design through environmental analysis and energy modeling. Ultimately, our research-driven approach led to a building that successfully embodies our core design principles. 

Hide abstract

Abstract:

*Context: Students practice their physical examination skills in the lab and classroom on peers with predominantly normal physical exam findings, thus limiting the student's ability to complete an assessment on a focused eye or ear complaint with its associated abnormal findings. Traditionally, faculty have utilized eye and ear models with normal anatomy as teaching resources, but these models are limited due to their lack of realism and do not assist students in identifying abnormal exam findings needed for developing competency.

*Purpose: To provide an interdisciplinary educational intervention with pre/post survey’s for PA and FNP students to utilize advanced simulator/trainers for realistic ophthalmologic funduscopic and otoscopic examination while working in interdisciplinary groups (PA and FNP students) for eye and ear, faculty-led case-based scenarios.  

*Methods: PA students and NP students came together and were divided into four groups of twelve with a ratio and seating configuration of 1 NP to 3 PA students. All students completed a pre and post survey during this interprofessional learning experience. Permission was granted to use and adapt the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (IPAS). During the interdisciplinary educational lab seminar, PA and FNP student groups utilized the OtoSim and OphthoSim Mobile advanced trainer/simulators in faculty-led, case-based group interactions and application learning experiences. Last, students completed the post survey of attitudes related to interprofessional core competencies and a short faculty-led debrief was held for each of the cases.

*Findings: Forty-nine total students participated in this experience (16 NP, 33 PA).  Preliminary data shows that there was a positive change in attitude on sixteen of the seventeen content areas. Qualitative data suggests that overall students had a positive response to the simulator function and their realistic features.

*Significance: This study supports health professions students learning together in interprofessional education activities utilizing realistic simulation.

Hide abstract

This project explores the synthesis of a variety of minoxidil-based hybrids to investigate their electronic structure and its impact on reactivity towards cancer cells. By applying a greener chemistry approach, we aim to enhance the sustainability of the synthesis process while addressing key challenges in characterizing these compounds. Our research focuses on understanding how the electronic properties of these hybrids influence their biological activity, offering potential for more effective cancer therapies. The project highlights both the scientific potential and the synthesis challenges associated with these compounds.

Hide abstract

This paper contends that food insecurity is a national issue, making it a matter of public policy, thus, the federal government should take extensive measures to find a solid solution. This analysis discusses the disparities between developed and non-developed countries, using examples of the United States of America and Yemen, in contention to food insecurity. Using the contemporary era, and the surplus of individuals and countries that are food insecure, this paper analyzes whether this issue has persisted throughout history. Through contrasts between the United States of America and Yemen, the disparities between industrialized and developing nations have been shown, using numerous statistics. Additionally, these contrasts show that although developing nations are much more prone to the effects of food insecurity, industrialized nations are not nearly immune. This paper finds food insecurity to be both a national security issue and a public policy issue, stating that ensuring adequate food availability and addressing food security is strategically important for a country's general well-being. This analysis found that policy gaps, along with poverty and income disparity, are the main causes of food security. Through research, this paper concludes that with the expansion and continuation of government assistance programs, along with providing free meals within schools, the issue of food security can be tackled. Thus, on both national and international levels, food insecurity is a rising and pressing issue. If no attempts towards an overall solution are made, food insecurity will become a much deadlier epidemic than the world has ever seen.

Hide abstract

·Purpose: to assess the overall experience of a child’s first dental visit. This study looked at multiple factors such as, age, reason of first visit, type of treatment rendered, and likelihood that the parent/guardian will bring their child back to the dentist for future appointments.

·Goal: to use the results of these surveys to educate parents/guardians about the importance of bringing their children to the dentist and gaining a deeper understanding as to why and when children typically have their first dental visit

·Methods: This study included 60 parents who were bringing their children to Detroit Mercy Dental’s Pediatric Clinic. The parents filled out the survey regarding their child’s first dental visit.

·Results: The results showed that 37.9% reported to the dentist for the first time between the ages of 2-4 years old. Only 10.3% brought their children to their first dental visit by the time they were one year old which is in accordance with the AAPD recommendation. Our results show that the main reason for first dental visits were for routine dental check-ups which comprised 72.9% of children in this study. More than half of the children in this study received a routine exam at their first dental visit.

Hide abstract

This study dives into the complexities of urban development frameworks, particularly in the context of limited funding, with a focused lens on Detroit's North End. It seeks to offer innovative solutions by proposing alternative frameworks that not only rejuvenate local infrastructure but also integrate sustainability and resilience through small-scale interventions with the North End neighborhood in Detroit. Emphasizing the crucial aspect of resilience-building within neighborhoods, the research draws upon post-positivist perspectives, as well as literature on sustainable urban development and neighborhood planning, including works such as Designing Urban Transformations by Aseem Inam and Neighborhoods by Emily Talen. Grounded in understanding social construction and contextual factors around neighborhoods, the study investigates how Detroit can effectively support neighborhoods amidst social and economic changes, aiming to uncover strategies for long-term neighborhood resilience. Employing a comprehensive methodology involving historical analysis, mapping exercises, interviews, community planning game exercises, and scenario planning prototype models, the research yields novel insights into neighborhood adaptability, social inclusion, and long-term resilience, informing effective urban strategies for sustainable community development. Ultimately, this study not only offers practical insights into small-scale interventions to address immediate needs and foster resilience in Detroit's North End but also contributes to the broader discourse on inclusive and community-driven urban planning. Its findings hold relevance for cities grappling with similar challenges, advocating for context-sensitive and participatory approaches in nurturing resilient communities.

Hide abstract

This project involves the development of an autonomous vehicle for the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC). The development has been broken out into several subgroups according to the needs of the project. This poster discusses the development of the needs metrics matrix, identification of engineering requirements, and design learnings associated with vision and sensing. Included are the future steps and algorithms that outline the vehicle design and development. For vision and sensing, it is required to see lane lines, pedestrians, street signs, potholes, tires, barrels. Image processing is used to identify lane lines whereas pedestrians and potholes are identified through blob detection. The street signs are read through an optical character recognition (OCR) algorithm to read text from an image. The Ouster LiDAR is used for additional obstacle detection. Obstacles like barrels and tires are read into a point cloud which then can be combined into individual objects using Clustering. Furthermore, their distance and position with respect to the vehicle is shown. Potholes can be identified using plane segmentation where points not on the ground plane are filtered out.  Finally, a Gantt chart has been provided for the expected timeline.

Hide abstract

This project involves the development of an autonomous vehicle for the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC). The development has been broken into several subgroups according to the needs of the project. This poster discusses the development of the needs/metrics matrix, identification of engineering requirements, and design learning for the hardware portion of this project. Included are the goals and future steps that outline the vehicle design and development. Research and testing are well underway to ensure the vehicle meets IGVC requirements for speed, payload, safety, and vehicle measurements. The requirements will be met using a modified ODrive S1 vehicle platform. The process is underway to acquire and implement all necessary power equipment, including batteries, converters, and fuse boxes. The equipment and electronics will either be IPX4+ rated or housed in a waterproof enclosure to allow for operation in light rain. Finally, a Gantt chart has been developed and updated to provide the expected timeline for project completion. 

Hide abstract

This project focuses on the development of an autonomous vehicle for the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC), with the System Integration Group ensuring that all components function as a unified system. A key priority has been achieving seamless communication and coordination between subsystems, allowing the vehicle to operate reliably in dynamic environments. To accomplish this, the team has implemented a structured system integration approach, incorporating standardized communication protocols, consistent mounting profiles, and efficient power distribution to mitigate network inconsistencies and ensure robust performance across all hardware and software components. 

One of the major advancements in this project has been the implementation of sensor fusion techniques to enhance perception and decision-making capabilities. By integrating data from multiple sensors, including LiDAR, cameras, GPS, and inertial measurement units (IMUs), the team has improved localization accuracy, obstacle detection, and path planning. This fusion of sensor data allows the vehicle to generate a more comprehensive environmental model, increasing its ability to navigate the IGVC course efficiently while handling challenges such as lane following, turning, and obstacle avoidance. Additionally, real-time data processing and filtering methods, such as Kalman filtering and probabilistic mapping, are being explored to further refine system performance and reduce noise from individual sensors. 

From a hardware perspective, system integration has extended beyond communication and sensor fusion to the physical implementation within the robot’s chassis and onboard computing system. The team has designed an optimized hardware layout that minimizes signal interference, reduces latency in data transmission, and ensures all components are securely mounted for stable operation. The integration of embedded controllers and a central processing unit (CPU) has been carefully planned to balance computational loads, allowing for real-time decision-making and responsive control of the vehicle’s actuators. 

The development of integration algorithms remains an ongoing effort, as the team continues to refine synchronization between software modules and hardware components. Additionally, a forward-looking approach has been taken to anticipate potential system bottlenecks and areas for optimization, ensuring scalability and adaptability for future iterations of the vehicle. To keep the project on track, a Gantt chart has been established to monitor milestones, deadlines, and critical development phases, enabling the team to systematically approach each aspect of integration with clear objectives and timelines. 

Through these efforts, the System Integration Group is working to create a robust, intelligent, and fully autonomous vehicle capable of excelling in the IGVC. The combination of sensor fusion, structured hardware integration, and refined communication strategies ensures a high level of system reliability, setting the foundation for continued advancements and future competition success. 

Hide abstract

Since 2019, the world has known of the existence of the virus COVID-19. Each country had its own approaches to maintaining the new virus that was wiping out large amounts of countries' populations. Skeptics arose about the virus, worrying that the disease was not as deadly as the believers were saying, causing debates to stir throughout the United States. This research paper discusses the problems many nations had faced with the challenging virus COVID-19 that the world met in 2019. The paper also divulges into an example of the United States, a country that was both united and divided by the virus due to sharing a social platform with others to spread the feelings individuals were feeling at this lonely time. This division was seen when skeptics and believers in COVID-19 argued over wearing masks and the social distancing mandates that the United States government tried to impose at the beginning of 2020. The paper also discusses how the United States had to face the struggle with public policy in regard to healthcare, education, and employment, in fear that the nation would collapse under the pressure of those around it. Other countries are used as examples within this paper, Germany and South Korea, to show how different nations reacted to this deadly virus and what measures other countries used to limit its impact compared to the United States.

Hide abstract

In the digital age, social media has become a powerful tool for feminist activism by amplifying women’s voices across the globe. This paper explored how platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and X (formerly Twitter) have facilitated discussions on gender inequality, bodily autonomy, and systemic oppression. It examined key feminist movements, such as the 4B movement in South Korea and the #MeToo movement in Iran, by highlighting their global influence. The paper argued that women’s rights issues are universal and thus not confined to the borders of their respective countries and that social media plays a role in both empowering women and exposing them to increased online misogyny. This research paper concluded that while digital feminism has made significant steps toward advocating for change, legislative action remains crucial in securing lasting gender equality.

Hide abstract

Abstract:

The convoluted nature of college course registration often proves to be a source of frustration for students. To alleviate this challenge, this project introduces a Conversational AI Chatbot tailored to simplify and elevate the registration experience. By harnessing cutting-edge technologies such as sentence_transformers and chainlit, the chatbot offers a seamless avenue for students to effortlessly select and enroll in their preferred classes.

Incorporating sophisticated natural language processing (NLP) techniques, including intent recognition algorithms and named entity recognition (NER), the chatbot is endowed with enhanced functionality and precision, ensuring accurate interpretation and response to user queries.

The chatbot's training data, meticulously sourced from the College of Engineering and Science, undergoes meticulous preprocessing using the pypdf library. The development journey, meticulously orchestrated with tools like chainlit, encompasses a series of critical stages ranging from requirement analysis, data collection, and preprocessing, to bot development, rigorous testing, iterative refinement, and seamless integration.

With a steadfast commitment to optimizing efficiency and enhancing user satisfaction in the class registration process, this project leverages advanced AI technologies and Python libraries, thereby providing engineering and computer science students with an intuitive and responsive registration experience.

Enhancements:

The introduction now emphasizes the pain points of the current registration process, providing a more precise context for introducing the AI Chatbot.

The rationale behind the selection of specific technologies and NLP techniques has been elaborated upon, elucidating their contributions to the chatbot's effectiveness.

Additional details regarding the training data and preprocessing steps have been included, offering readers a clearer understanding of the data utilized and the processing methodologies employed.

The abstract now articulates the project's main objectives and anticipated outcomes, providing readers with a comprehensive overview of its goals.

Hide abstract

This poster will provide a comprehensive analsis of state red flag laws in conjunction with the Second and Fourth Amendments of the United States Constitution. On one hand, the Second Amendment protects an individuals’ right to keep and bear arms. Therefore, can those found to pose a risk of harm to themselves, or others, be deprived of such a right without committing a felony crime? If the answer to the foregoing is in the affirmative, what type of authority is necessary to effectuate deprivation with respect to the Fourth Amendment? And how should that authority be enforced? 

Overall, this Law Review note suggests that–in order to ensure the utilization and effectiveness of red flag laws–lawmakers must implement statutes with warrant authority, clear and concise enforcement procedures, and work to train and educate petitioners and law enforcement in tandem.

Hide abstract

Anthropogenic activities release pollutants into the air, which can negatively affect human health and the environment. One such pollutant is nitrogen dioxide (NO\textsubscript{2}), which can contribute to smog formation, decreased crop growth and yield, and respiratory damage. This study aimed to find a relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) classifications and NO\textsubscript{2} levels in the air. We used Google Earth Engine (GEE) to collect LULC and air quality data using the Google Dynamic World and the Sentinel-5P NRTI NO\textsubscript{2}: Near Real-Time Nitrogen Dioxide datasets. We focused on Pasadena, California, as it provided a good demonstration of an urban area surrounded by greenery, allowing for an adequate analysis of both forms of landscape and their impact on air quality. Random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) classifiers were used on the provided datasets, with the estimated probability of complete coverage for each LULC type being the input features and the NO\textsubscript{2} column number density being the output label, measured in mol/m\textsuperscript{2}. Our output labels were then discretized, classifying the categories into high and low NO\textsubscript{2}. The machine learning classifier found a correlative relationship between LULC and NO\textsubscript{2} levels, as signified by our modeled accuracy outputting a value of 85\%, with an average f1 score of 86\%. We performed 10-fold cross-validation to enhance the reliability of model evaluation. The results from this study suggest that machine learning models can be used to predict the changes in air quality based on changes in LULC from anthropogenic activities. With future studies solidifying the universality of this relationship, it is likely to find that inner-city green spaces are beneficial for mental and physical well-being.

Hide abstract

Candida albicans are fungus that has the ability to form biofilms on microbial surfaces, which allows the organism to cause infection and harm to the human body. Every year, the CDC reports approximately 25,000 cases of candidemia, a bloodstream infection caused by Candida albicans. The formation of biofilms begins with the attachment of yeast cells to a surface, allowing them to spread later, creating a matrix. After maturation, detachment of cells begins, which allows for the cell to repeat the process. This study focused on understanding the attachment process of Candida albicans biofilms and exploring potential drug targets to inhibit this process. we looked at various Candida albicans mutants and Streptococcus mutans and how their biofilm formation. Notably, we discovered that Streptococcus mutants can restore biofilm formation in the BCR1 mutant strain without this ability. This suggests a complex interaction between these two organisms.

Hide abstract

S. mutans and V. parvula cooperate in dental plaque to assemble a healthy biofilm. S. mutans produces lactic acid from carbohydrates resulting in a biofilm pH=4. V. parvula metabolizes lactate to acetic and propionic acids resulting in pH=5. This process results in healthier biofilms, but the biofilms still generate a pH capable of demineralizing tooth surfaces (pH

Hide abstract

Physician Assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, is one of the most controversial and tough-to-tackle issues in today’s society. When the topic arises, one common phrase that is disputed over is the so-called “right to die”, but does this right even exist? When looking at the role and purpose of the medical sphere, the conclusion that one must come to is no, absolutely not. The “right to die” has no proper basis within the medical profession, law, ethics, or morals. This paper explores the opposition’s argument for euthanasia and provides some legal, ethical, and moral arguments showing why such a thing does not hold up under such pretenses, especially within the medical field.This paper analyzes the arguments for assisted dying and offers a rebuttal to those arguments to show the worth and sanctity of life that is upheld within the law, ethics, and morality. This paper uses philisophical arguments dating back to the time of Aristotle and modern case law as well as medical ethics to take the postition that the most optimal care and the worth of life must be upheld and fought for and that the greatest solution to such a problem is optimized palliative care. 

Hide abstract

This study explores the neuroanatomy of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) by developing a brain atlas that identifies brain regions found in teleosts in other vertebrates. This will enable us to further study the brain of fathead minnows to understand how it supports motor control, sensory processing, and behavior. We dissected the brains of minnows, preserved them in a 4% paraformaldehyde solution, and embedded them in paraffin. This allowed us to section the brain using a microtome. Sections were collected on slides, stained, and imaged under the microscope. We compared different embedding techniques to determine the most effective method for brain sectioning to minimize any tissue loss. By studying the neuroanatomy of minnow brains, we can gain insights into fundamental brain structures that are shared across vertebrates, including humans. This can have significant implications for neurological research. Refining dissection and preservation techniques also enhances future studies on fish brain structures, providing a more reliable model for investigating neural processes. These findings can inform broader research in neuroscience, behavioral studies, and even biomedical applications related to brain function and repair.

Hide abstract

  This study assessed the preferences and learning outcomes of Dental and Dental Hygiene Students at the University of Detroit Mercy regarding online and in-person courses. It aimed to understand how these learning modalities impact students' satisfaction and academic performance.

  Existing research highlights the need for further investigation of online and in-person learning. Bowers et al. (2022) found that while online learning improved comfort, it also introduced distractions. Gatt and Attard (2023) found students favored blended learning formats, while Yeh et al. (2023) identified challenges with social interaction. Pei and Wu (2019) reported no significant academic difference between online and traditional learning.

  At the University of Detroit Mercy, students preferred hybrid learning formats over fully in-person or online classes. The flexibility of online learning was particularly beneficial for students with busy schedules, allowing them to manage academic and personal responsibilities. However, students favored in-person classes for its visual learning style and the social interaction it offered. Despite these preferences, the study found no significant impact of class format on academic performance or information retention. In-person students experienced higher levels of burnout compared to those in online classes. Additionally, students facing external challenges preferred in-person learning, while those without such challenges favored online formats.

  These findings suggest that hybrid learning may best meet the needs of dental and dental hygiene students, balancing flexibility with in-person interaction. Hybrid models could enhance student satisfaction and well-being, addressing both academic and personal challenges effectively.

Hide abstract

The isotropic fractionator is a method used to quantify total cell and neuron counts in brain tissue by dissociating brain regions into suspensions of nuclei. This study will use the isotropic fractionator protocol to quantify the number of neurons in different regions of the brain in fathead minnows. Understanding the cellular structure of the brain is critical for understanding brain organization and function in teleost fish and provides comparative insights into neuroanatomy and brain evolution across species. To conduct this study, the fish brains were immersion-fixed in paraformaldehyde, dissected into regions of interest including the telencephalon, cerebellum, and the rest of the brain (ROB), and homogenized using a tissue grinder. The resultant nuclear suspensions were labeled with DAPI for total cell quantification and NeuN antibodies for neuron-specific identification. We hypothesize that higher neuron concentrations will be found in the cerebellum compared to the telencephalon and remaining brain (ROB). These findings would align with previous research on brain specialization in fish and other vertebrates, highlighting region-specific functional adaptations. By characterizing cellular compositions in fathead minnow brains, we contribute to a broader understanding of neural structures across vertebrates.

Hide abstract

A new image preprocessing technique for lane lines is proposed that attempts to improve lane line recognitionwhen a vehicle is driving autonomously by using morphological operations and bilateral filtering. The technique is formulated by using a bilateral filter in the log domain and then running that image through the morphological opening operation. This allows for smoothing of the texture in the road while preserving the lane line edges and an illumination correction. A greyscale intensity adjustment is then preformed to brighten the lane lines. Finally, an adapted threshold is used on the image in order to binarize it. This process happens for each image being detected by the camera. An advantage of the preprocessing of the image is it allows for less noise that the neural network may detect as lane lines. The preprocessing method is implemented in MATLAB with the output being a binary lane line image. Experimental results are presented.

Hide abstract

In the autonomous vehicle discussed in this paper, we've implemented a finite state machine (FSM) architecture to manage its operation, toggling between three distinct states: autonomous, remote-control, and manual mode. Each of these states encapsulates its own FSM, providing a structured approach to handling the vehicle's behavior under different operational contexts. In the remote-control mode, the vehicle can be maneuvered via a remote controller, allowing control from a distance of up to 100 meters view of sight. This mode facilitates basic driving functionalities such as forward movement, turning, reversing, and halting, all controllable via the remote. Within the autonomous mode, a suite of functionalities including traffic sign and lane line detection, localization, and path planning are seamlessly integrated within the FSM. These components operate cohesively, coordinated by the nested FSM structure. In essence, the utilization of nested finite state machines within the autonomous vehicle architecture exemplifies a robust and structured approach to managing its diverse operational modes and functionalities. This hierarchical FSM framework not only facilitates seamless transitions between operational states but also ensures the integration and coordination of complex decision-making processes essential for autonomous vehicle operation.

Hide abstract

Breast cancer remains a major health concern for women worldwide, necessitating effective treatment strategies beyond conventional approaches. While chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and hormone therapy are widely used, they often come with challenges such as recurrence, metastasis, and significant side effects. As the search for improved therapies continues, interest in phytotherapy and nutritional supplements as complementary options is growing. However, caution is essential due to potential health risks, including drug interactions. This review that the poster is based on explores the potential role of phytotherapeutic agents and nutritional supplements in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy alongside conventional treatments, with well-designed clinical trials essential to establish their safety, effectiveness, and clinical relevance.

Hide abstract

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtypes requiring further investigation into novel therapeutic targets. Minoxidil, commonly known for its role in promoting hair growth and treating androgenic alopecia, has been suggested to interact with estrogen receptor pathway, but its interaction is yet unknown and not studied as much. Minoxidil, commonly known for its role in promoting hair growth, has been suggested to interact with estrogen receptor pathways, potentially influencing cancer cell proliferation. This study aims to explore the effects of minoxidil on ER+ breast cancer cells and its potential interactions with estrogen receptors. To address this, we conducted cell viability assays using Alamar Blue and performed molecular docking studies with PyMOL to examine minoxidil's binding interactions with the estrogen receptor. Our results indicate that minoxidil significantly alters cell proliferation and exhibits interactions with key receptor residues within 5 angstroms. These findings suggest that minoxidil may act as a modulator of estrogen receptor signaling, providing insights into its potential repurposing as an anti-cancer agent.

Hide abstract

The telecommunications industry, characterized by its dynamic landscape and fierce competition, faces a pressing challenge in customer retention due to evolving market dynamics and economic influences. This research paper focuses on churn prediction within the telecom sector, aiming to enhance understanding and mitigation strategies for customer churn, where customers terminate their services with the provider.

The study explores predictive models to identify potential churners by examining service quality, pricing structures, and usage factors. Initially, we analyzed 21 predictor variables, which were expanded to 30 through dummy variables and preprocessing. Using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Variable Inflation Factor (VIF) techniques, we refined the feature set to 15 without sacrificing accuracy. By selecting an optimal cutoff point through ROC curve analysis, our Logistic Regression model achieved an accuracy of approximately 78%, and Decision Tree and Random Forest models achieved around 79% and 78% accuracy, respectively.

Key findings highlight the importance of customer tenure, Internet service usage, and contract type in predicting churn. This research provides valuable insights and practical implications for telecom companies striving to implement proactive customer retention strategies in an ever-evolving competitive landscape.

Hide abstract

Bacteriophages are viruses that target bacteria. The demand for studying bacteriophages has
increased due to it’s importance within the field of therapeutic phages. Because of the
bacteriophages’ high specificity in aiming for their target bacteria,this process can help us
develop more effective treatments for bacterial infections. One limiting factor to understanding
and developing better phage therapy is that only 25 % of sequenced genes have a known or even
hypothetical function. The research will consist of molecular cloning, phenotypic assay, and
interaction assay. So far, our group has built the foundation of identifying the functionality of
these genes within the phage Xeno through processes such as polymerase chain reaction, gel
electrophoresis, chemical transformations, and isothermal assembly.
Xeno is a siphovirdae bacteriophage that targets Mycobacterium smegmatis. Its genome is 42395
nucleotides long and was calculated to contain 69 different genes.
We have tested 30 out of the 69 genes, with 18 out of the 30 tested being functional.
The purpose of this research in identifying the functionality of the gene, is to proceed in
completing the cytotoxicity, as well as the defense assays to begin the cloning required for the
hybrid experiments.

Hide abstract

Simulation plays a crucial role in the development of autonomous vehicles by significantly reducing development time. It allows for parallel development and eliminates the need for a physical vehicle during testing. In the context of the Self-Driving Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC), simulation is the first step in developing algorithms that meet competition requirements. Customer needs are organized in a needs-metric matrix and analyzed to identify engineering requirements. A variety of simulation environments, along with virtual equivalents of the real sensors on the vehicle, have been developed to test algorithms such as lane-following, obstacle navigation, and parking. These algorithms are developed in MATLAB and utilize sensor data from the virtual vehicle in the ROS2 Gazebo environment. By ensuring an algorithm is functional in simulation, most development issues are resolved, so that when the algorithm is tested on the physical vehicle, only minor adjustments are necessary to achieve full functionality. A Gantt chart has been created to outline the expected project timeline, including future steps for refining simulations, testing in real-world environments, and integrating more advanced algorithms to enhance the performance of the vehicle.  

Hide abstract

VLAB is a business incubator in the Rivertown neighborhood of Detroit, designed as a space to propel innovation in sustainable building, while maintaining a strong connection to the surrounding community. Through site analysis, environmental performance testing, and iterative design development, our team established three key project drivers: connectivity, sustainability, and engagement; which shaped and evolved alongside the design process to ensure a thoughtful urban response with strong environmental performance.

Sustainability was a key focus of the project’s form, materials, and systems research. Using Cove Tool for iterative environmental impact testing, we optimized building orientation, envelope performance, glazing, and mechanical efficiency. Climate analysis informed strategies for stormwater management, rooftop renewable energy, and low-carbon materials, reducing both embodied and operational carbon while minimizing the project’s impact on the surrounding ecosystems. We also explored sustainability through long-term adaptability, researching new and fresh spatial flexibility precedents to design post-pandemic work and gathering spaces. Open workstations, breakout areas, and a mixed private-public auditorium ensure the building remains versatile, accommodating both individual and collaborative needs as they evolve over the next 20, 50, or more years.

Studying movement patterns along the Detroit Riverfront and Dequindre Cut highlighted the need for strong physical and visual connections to public spaces. This led us to shape the building with a southwest opening orientation, which not only frames views, but strengthens engagement between the building and its surrounding neighborhood. Iterative design refinements, such as adjusting building angles, entry placement, materials, and transparency, helped activate key thresholds, creating a more dynamic relationship between the building and its surroundings.

This combined approach to digital modeling, performance testing, and site analysis, allows VLAB to stand out as a highly responsive and forward-thinking model for sustainable architecture. With its integrated building systems, strong urban connections, and adaptable spaces, the design stands as an example of minimized environmental impact, meaningful community engagement, and long-term resilience.

Hide abstract

Phage therapy has been considered to treat infections of antibioic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This work investigated the isolation of nucleic acid from phage-infected P. aeruginosa in order to discover more about the nature of a phage. The phage produced small plaques and high titers (about 1011 PFU/ml). Nucleic acid was isolated from cells infected with phage and cells alone by a technique utilizing Triton X-100 detergent, lysozyme and  boiling. Strands of double stranded nucleic acid were separated and single strands were unfolded by boiling. Electrophoresis was performed with a neutral pH buffer system and an alkaline pH buffer system. Double stranded nucleic acid was denatured to single strands and single strands unfolded by an alkaline pH system. After suspension of samples in lysing buffer containing detergent and incubation with lysozyme, spot test inoculation on plain agar showed some growth of colonies. When spot inoculation of cells infected with phage was performed on agar swabbed with P. aeruginosa inhibition zones developed. After the mixtures were boiled and spot tested there was no growth of colonies or production of inhibition zones. With a neutral pH electrophoresis system a mid-gel chromosome band was evident. In alkaline gels a slow migrating band was observed from samples consisting of cells infected with phage. Preparations from cells alone did not produce a band. Phage are known to contain nucleic acid that can be double stranded or single stranded.

Hide abstract

Effective study strategies are critical for mastering complex material in dental education. This study investigates the integration of structured, post-lecture study activities into the Gross Anatomy curriculum at the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, focusing on the benefits of active recall. Active recall, a well-established learning technique, has been shown to enhance retention and comprehension by encouraging students to retrieve and reconstruct information from memory rather than relying solely on passive review. The structured "Summarization Activities" introduced in this research involve students engaging in a "summarization" immediately after each lecture, where they recall and document brief summaries of key points as much information as possible at the end of each lecture to reinforce their learning. Following this exercise, students review their notes and resources to identify and address gaps or inaccuracies, solidifying their understanding of anatomical concepts and correcting misconceptions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these activities through both quantitative and qualitative methods, including analysis of student performance data and feedback on study habits. Preliminary findings are expected to demonstrate improvements in knowledge retention, comprehension, and the development of sustainable study practices. The outcomes of this research may provide valuable insights into enhancing anatomy education and optimizing learning strategies for dental students.

Hide abstract

Ferrocenes have been introduced into organic and bioinorganic drugs to cure cancers and various other diseases. The chemical stability, low cellular toxicity, and adaptable electrochemical redox system of the ferrocene/ferricenium derivatives appears essential toward biological activity. Investigation of trends in the ionization energy of Ferrocene derivatives as relates to extension and disruption of the electronic structure of these compounds might provide some insight into the redox system of these molecules which may possibly be useful in drug design[1].

This work presents quantum mechanical density functional calculations of the vertical and adiabatic ionizations energies of ferrocene and several substituted ferrocene compounds characterized by conjugated functional groups isolated through an alkyl spacer of varying lengths.  The calculations implement a relativistic effective core potential for iron atoms and a triple-zeta basis sets for all atoms. For each compound vertical and adiabatic ionization energies are determined with a hybrid density functional method as well as with a non-hybrid method. Trends in the calculated ionization energies will be identified and discussed.

References

1.Ornelas, C., Astruc, D.; Ferrocene-Based Drugs, Delivery Nanomaterials and Fenton Mechanism: State of the Art, Recent Developments and Prospects, Pharmaceutics, 15(8), 2044; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082044

Hide abstract

This mixed-methods research study investigates Pakistani Muslim American immigrant two
mother-daughter dyads’ styles of social interactions (inclusive of the content of social interactions)
during three virtual museum visits designed to contribute to their ethnic identities. Data were
collected from (1) qualitative significant anecdotes, (2) semi-structured interviews, (3) observation
rating scales, and (4) a rank-order survey of cognitive and affective skills. Qualitative data was
analyzed using four a priori themes. The data was triangulated, and the findings revealed
agreement between datasets, namely qualitative observations, the observation rating scale, and
sources (i.e., participants’ work products, survey responses, and conversations while cooking).
Triangulation indicated that, regardless of the methodology or sources used, analyses indicated
participants’ social interactions contributed to knowledge and behaviors regarding ethnic identity.
The study concluded that the mother-daughter dyads’ social interaction styles were primarily
verbal (e.g., asking questions commenting/explaining). These social interaction styles enhanced
cognitive skills (e.g., learning through talking and attempting to find meaning, using photos) and
affective skills (e.g., finding museum visits interesting, enjoyable, and/or pleasurable) while
simultaneously contributing to their ethnic identity. In addition, the dyadic social interactions
before, during, and after museum visits contributed to ethnic identity.

Hide abstract

Purpose.The Youth Health Exploration Camp focused on career exploration, college readiness and resiliency while providing hands-on activities that encouraged exposure to healthcare professions. The camp addressed the growing need of healthcare workers and cultivated informed decision making about their futures while fostering a diverse well-prepared pipeline of health professionals. Goals. Recruit middle and high school youth throughout the Detroit area to the University of Detroit Mercy to explore future healthcare career opportunities. Provide support for students interested in future thinking toward health-relatedcareer opportunities by introducing key concepts, ideas, and pathways to achieve their goals through simulation and college readiness/resiliency training.Theoretical Framework.Socioecological Model/Nine Events of Instruction Framework.Intervention.The health education intervention comprised of planned learning experiences and provided knowledge and skills to the learners in a formalized setting. The outcomes measured student engagement and parental satisfaction to evaluate impact and program success.Activities. Students engaged in simulated patient and virtual encounters that are patient-centered, evidence-based, and holistic. Students learned hands-only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). The College Readiness and Resiliency session provided skills to succeed. The health career panel featured representation across health care fields. A tour of the McNichols and Dental Campus and our partnering health care system, Trinity Health Oakland was included.Evaluation/Outcomes. Pre-post intervention data will be analyzed using SPSS 29. A database of the campers contact information has been established and served as a recruitment tool to invite individuals and their families to future camps and campus events. Tracking metrics will include the number of participants, the number of campers who eventually enroll at Detroit Mercy, the number of those who enter health profession majors, geographic and ethnic inclusiveness of the participants, and number of community partnerships developed

Hide abstract

This study explores the long-term environmental impact of redlining in Detroit, alongside the city's cultural resilience and innovation. By comparing pollution levels, access to green spaces, and health outcomes in redlined versus non-redlined neighborhoods, the research highlights how the legacy of racial and economic inequality still shapes the city today. It shows that redlined areas continue to face higher pollution, more traffic noise, and greater exposure to hazardous waste, which contribute to ongoing health problems. Despite these challenges, these neighborhoods also fostered creativity, most notably seen in the rise of techno music. Dan Sicko’s Welcome to the Machine traces how techno grew out of Detroit's struggles and became a global force. Vincent Haddad’s The Detroit Genre challenges popular misconceptions about the city, focusing on its resilience. Abas Shkembi’s article in The Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology connects redlining to ongoing environmental injustice. Together, these works paint Detroit as not just a city of hardship, but one of reinvention and resistance.

Hide abstract

Problem Statement: For elderly and/or disabled, chronically ill residents in the Fitzgerald community, does the participation in a freshly prepared meal and/or produce incentive program with an in-home nutrition and physical activity education module increase the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, improve cardiometabolic health, and promote changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors.

Purpose: To understand the impact of a fresh food and produce incentive program on the overall consumption of fruits and vegetables, cardiometabolic health, and dietary and physical activity behaviors among elderly and/or disabled, chronically ill residents living in the Detroit Fitzgerald community. The project also has a secondary aim to identify strengths and weaknesses in program efficiency, strengthen community partnerships, and offer recommendations for future program sustainability.

Methods: Mixed-methods research design comparing qualitative and quantitative pre- and-post program survey data. Participants were recruited by Fitzgerald Block Club leaders or voluntary sign-up after attending an information session at the Theresa Maxis facility.

Inclusion Criteria: Resident of the Fitzgerald community in Northwest Detroit, senior citizen or disabled status with at least one chronic metabolic condition (i.e. diabetes, prediabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, etc.).

Analysis: Descriptive analyses, non-parametric two-Tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test, and content analysis was used to analyze pre-and-post program data.

Implications for Practice: Food incentive programs have the potential to improve health outcomes by by encouraging dietary changes and lifestyle modifications, increasing physical activity, expanding community partnerships, and promoting food justice by increasing utilization of local farmers market.

Hide abstract

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of flipped learning (FL) vs. traditional learning (TL) on students’ performance based on didactic exams and psychomotor skill assessments in a dental hygiene care course at the University of Detroit Mercy. This study will help determine which learning method is more effective and can be adopted in future courses. The research was conducted with the IRB approval number 23-24-32. A retrospective study was used to compare TL vs FL in deidentified students. A total of 50 students were taught using the TL compared to a total of 46 students who were taught using the FL. A comparison of graduating GPA, overall course grade, average of three exams, the average of two skills assessments, and every exam and skills assessment separately were conducted. The results showed that there was no significant difference between their graduating GPA, two skills assessments average, Exam 1, and skills assessment 1.  However, results were significantly higher with the TL based on their overall course grade, three exams average, Exam 2, Exam 3, and skills assessment 2. After finding significant results from didactic exam scores, and skills assessment 2, a comparison of the significant results for students who graduated with a GPA 2.6-3.0 showed that there was no significant difference. In conclusion, there wasn’t significant difference between both methods. This could be due to differences in the exam questions and course grade components (CGC). Further study is needed to compare FL vs TL in classes that have similar exam questions and CGC.

Hide abstract

Breath analysis is emerging as a promising non-invasive method for detecting various health conditions through the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study explores the feasibility of using breath-based diagnostics by analyzing VOC patterns in athletes before and after exercise. By implementing a structured collection protocol, we aim to establish a standardized approach to breath sampling and assess how physiological changes influence VOC composition. Although data collection is ongoing, this research serves as a critical step toward validating breath analysis as a potential screening tool for disease detection. The findings could contribute to the development of rapid, non-invasive diagnostic methods, paving the way for broader clinical applications in sports science and medicine. 

Would you like to tweak anything, or does this align with your vision? 

Hide abstract

Minxodil has been used to treat androgenic alopecia but not enough research shows the interaction of minoxidil with estrogen receptors. Minoxidil is used as a topical that can reduces expression in genes like the IL-1 which is a potent inhibitor of hair growth and lead to hair loss. The goal is to identify the interaction betwen minoxidil and estrogen receptors. The method used is the cell proliferation of T47D cells and molecular docking. Low concentration of minoxidil of around 20-25 microliters has the best results of cell growth. Minxodil interactions with estrogen receptors may enable the use of this pathway as a biological treatment for uncontrolled cell growth disease. 

Hide abstract

In 2018 SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Agency) stated that 30% of First Responders experience mental health difficulties. This definition does not include the 1.1 million security officers employed in the United States. There have been no academic studies in North America that examine the mental health of security officers. This study shows the overlaping of duties, workplace stressors and occupational hazards experienced by both groups, and predicts that security officers will experience a similar rate.

Hide abstract

This poster will showcase the initial development of a Health Humanities minor program, supported by a Titan Innovation Fund Grant. Key highlights include collaborations between CHASS, CHP, and CES; a speaker series; a course development initiative; and next steps.

Hide abstract

In recent years, there has been an increasing need to examine alternative methods of instruction and assessment. In addition to the proliferation of distance education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, intervention and assessment in the school setting has been shifting toward technology-based approaches. Thus, conducting assessments virtually, using technology, is increasingly likely and necessary. Assessment in the schools serves an important purpose; these data are used to monitor student progress, responsiveness to instruction, and risk status. This poster presentation describes a research study on the comparability of Oral Reading Fluency scores across traditional and virtual assessment conditions. Results, considerations, and implications for practitioners will be presented.

Hide abstract

Throughout the history of the United States, women have faced a continuous struggle for equal opportunity. This is especially apparent in the professional legal world. It was not until 1870 that the first women graduated from law school in the United States. Almost 50 years later the first women took her spot in the United State congress in 1917. Then, over 60 years later, the first female was nominated and confirmed to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1981. Unfortunately, the history of the United States has proved to be written, and catered towards the white man who drafted our constitution. This has created a continuous exclusion of women from the judicial sphere, excluding their voices from legal procedure. Without proper legal representation, women of the United States cannot get their ideas and laws vouched, especially in federal courts. Being a part of the judiciary is one of the vital “seats of political power”.[1] It is one of the vital ways for laws to be enacted: laws that govern over all of us. Women, being over fifty percent of our population, deserve equal representation in judicial branches in order to properly pursue the democracy promised to us in our constitution.

My goals of conducting this very important research on the disparity of women in the judiciary hope to bring about solutions and diversity initiatives that could better suit the Supreme Court of the United States as well as our 13 court of appeals, most of which are currently lacking. I will also be conducting some of my research on an international scale, looking towards other countries who have reshaped their judicial landscapes to be more inclusive of women, specifically within terms of the judiciary.

[1] Paxton, Pamela Marie, Melanie M. Hughes, and Tiffany Barnes. Women, politics, and power: A global perspective. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2021.

Hide abstract

Giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), a floating aquatic plant, provides ecological services like absorption of nutrient pollution.  The process of eutrophication is driven by the amount of phosphorous in fresh water.  Thus, understanding how plants like duckweed absorb this nutrient can lead to improved bioremediation strategies.  Prior studies have shown that bacteria in the Rhizobiaceae preferentially accumulate in giant duckweed.  Rhizobium species are renowned for forming mutualistic relationships with terrestrial plants and their ability to demineralize phosphorous.  This research aims to determine the relationship between duckweed species and members of the Rhizobiaceae. To test the hypothesis, bacteria have been isolated from S. polyrhiza, Lemna minor, and Wolffia columbiana.  To determine the identity of the bacteria, DNA barcoding of the 16S rRNA locus is being conducted.  In the future, bacteria co-cultivation experiments and genomic sequencing investigations will be conducted.

Hide abstract

The “Step Up” program is a Community Engaged Learning partnership that involves peer mentoring, student retention, and college/career transition skills provided by Detroit Mercy’s Institute for Leadership and Service. With grant support from the Ford Motor Company Fund, the program is facilitated by students in the Emerging Leaders Program who “pay forward” their growing knowledge of leadership, assist K-12 students in developing their leadership capacity, and help enhance their access to higher education and career development.

Each semester, over 100 students from local schools participate in culturally and age appropriate six-week sessions on some of the following general topics:

• Development of Leadership Capacity
• College, Trade School, and Work Transition Skills
• The College Application Process
• Study Skills
• Stress Management
• Resiliency, Confidence, and Positivity Skills

Outcomes of this CEL project include enhanced leadership capacity of both the University and K-12 students.

Hide abstract

Urban relationships between stadiums and their environment are often neglected. On the urban grid, stadiums often disrupt their surrounding neighborhoods' movement and activity. For this reason, stadiums can serve as a catalyst for improving neighborhood connectivity, leveraging their ability to attract large crowds. The study of this thesis was to improve the stadium's connectivity to its host city, thus enhancing urban vibrancy. A strategic mobility network was created, composed of innovative street models by integrating pedestrians and vehicles. The investigation explores how sports teams can shape a city's culture, enriching the socio-cultural fabric. It questions what makes the journey to a destination truly holistic and how streets can be designed to harmonize diverse users within a mobility ecosystem. Conducting perceptual analysis on-site and utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for mapping to overlay various data layers. The result of the research features a design proposal for a vibrant stadium district in Detroit’s Corktown neighborhood. The findings from this thesis investigation strengthen the neighborhood through the threads created, allowing people to enjoy the journey to the stadium. By celebrating connectivity, stadium districts can transform cities into vibrant centers of human activity.

Hide abstract