In this work we introduce a novel approach for lane-image pre-processing that normalizes illumination, preserves lane lines and significantly reduces image noise.  The method presented incorporates a new illumination correction  algorithm based on dual-channel homomorphic filtering principles combined with grayscale morphology to achieve dynamic range reduction, local contrast enhancement and multiplicative noise reduction. Bilateral filtering is subsequently employed to significantly smooth the image while preserving lane edges.  The resulting images are highly suitable for subsequent processing to extract and track roadway lane lines using either neural network or classical image processing techniques.  An extensive experimental study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed technique. 

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The discovery of antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine, saving millions of lives. However, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of antibioticresistant bacteria, posing a significant threat to public health. In the search for alternative approaches, the study of bacteriophages has gained renewed interest. Rimu, a bacteriophage isolated by Alina Gangji in 2023 from Detroit, MI, United States, using the host bacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis mc²155, has been the subject of gene annotation to better understand its genetic makeup and potential therapeutic applications. Among the genes annotated in gene blocks 1-18 and 54-72 of Rimu, several were found to have specific functions, including DNA replication and repair (gene 54, a DNA helicase), DNA recombination and repair (gene 6, a RuvC-like resolvase), phage capsid formation (genes 8, 9, 11, and 12), and tail structure (genes 14 and 17). Gene 61 (a DNA primase/helicase) and gene 63 (DNA polymerase I) further support Rimu's replicative capabilities. Interestingly, several genes in the annotated set required start codon shifts, indicating potential evolutionary changes. One notable example is gene 60, which aligned with a gene from Mycobacterium phage Oline but exhibited an additional 25 base pairs at the beginning of the sequence. Another example is gene 2, a terminase large subunit, which aligned with a gene from Mycobacterium phage Phipps but contained an extra 18 base pairs. The annotation of these gene blocks in Rimu provides valuable insights into the phage's functional capabilities and evolutionary history, paving the way for further research into its potential applications in phage therapy and the development of alternative strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive coccus that has the ability to metabolize dietary sugars and produce lactic acid as a byproduct. The acid in the local environment of a tooth surface can cause demineralization of tooth enamel leading to caries (tooth decay). S. mutans also encodes glucosyltransferase enzymes that convert sucrose into insoluble extracellular polysaccharides, which are a vital component for biofilm formation of S. mutans and provide binding sites for other oral microorganisms, ultimately aiding in the development of dental caries. Prevention of dental caries requires routine mechanical removal of plaque biofilm to reduce the number of acid-producing bacteria, including S. mutans, near tooth surfaces. Prevention may also include the use of antiseptic or therapeutic mouthrinses to kill or remove bacteria that are difficult to reach mechanically.  The goal of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of various TheraBreath™ oral rinses compared to other commercial mouthrinses, using S. mutans as a model oral pathogen. In vitro biofilms of a type-strain of S. mutans were grown for 24 hours in the presence of sucrose. Oral rinses were added to wells and rotated at 100 rpm for 15 minutes. Six separate experiments were conducted, each with duplicate treatment wells. Following treatment, biofilms were assessed using a Live/Dead vitality stain to assess antibacterial activity and crystal violet stain to measure total biofilm remaining after treatment. Additionally, liquid killing assays were performed to determine bactericidal activity. Our findings suggest that TheraBreath™ Whitening Fresh Breath and TheraBreath™ Healthy Gums exhibit antibacterial properties against in vitro biofilms and planktonic S. mutans. TheraBreath™ Healthy Gums was the only formulation tested that had comparable bactericidal activity to other commercial brands of oral rinses.

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Miscarriages are very common; in fact, it is the number one reason for the loss of pregnancies. After a miscarriage, 30-50% of women experience anxiety and 10-15% experience depression, usually lasting up to four months. A miscarriage can have a major influence on a mother’s mental health, often leading to depression or some sort of post-traumatic stress disorder. Using a Phenomenological approach, a Life Story Interview will guide the interviews on women ages 20 – 40 who have experienced a miscarriage.The aims of this study are to understand the effect of loss on their lives and to explore how miscarriage(s) may affect and define who they are.

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Anthropogenic activities can negatively impact freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater aquatic systems contain a variety of toxins such as heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, plastics, and algal toxins. Crayfish are an abundant aquatic species that are differentially exposed to aquatic pollutants in their environment. They serve as a bioindicator species for pollution exposure and are a keystone species, meaning they play a pivotal role in the aquatic food web, transferring energy from the benthic to pelagic zones of the aquatic environment. Both the herbicide atrazine and the algal toxic microcystin-LR are known to be neurotoxins and are both found in the aquatic environment in areas where crayfish are found. In this experiment, we exposed crayfish to atrazine (10 ppb), microcystin-LR (10 ppb), or a combination of both (10 ppb of both) and examined olfactory sensory neurons using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay to determine if they contained any DNA damage. Understanding the impacts of exposure to herbicides and algal toxins on neurons and potential neuron death is important for determining if exposure impacts chemoreception of important odors like food, mate, predators, and alarm cues. Further, understanding combinatorial effects is important for determining if multiple subacute exposures can have additive, negative neurological impacts.

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Detroit has faced multiple damaging flood events throughout its history, particularly due to urban planning mistakes made in the past that no longer align with its location. This thesis proposes reconnecting natural hydrological systems by redirecting flood runoff to reconstructed marshes and wetlands through a series of creeks and ponds, providing an equitable urban environment for residents to live and flourish within their communities. This thesis was inspired by multiple works, significantly two projects: Bloody Run Creek and Renewing Low-Density projects, both by the Detroit Collaborative Design Center, and publications by Abas Shkembi titled "Redlined Neighborhoods in Detroit..." and another publication by Larson et al. titled "Recurrent Home Flooding in Detroit...". This thesis aims to address the intersection of flood resilience and equity in urban environments, posing key inquiries that include the economic potential of restoring urban wetlands and water streams on vacant lots, the implications of rezoning policies for parks and wetlands, and practical approaches to restoring wetlands in residential areas without displacing residents. Additionally, considerations are given to the balance of blue and green infrastructure, strategies for water and soil remediation, suitable plant species for flooded and polluted environments, and the integration of various infrastructures to manage water systems effectively. The study delves into the significance of indigenous perspectives on land and nature in future design, and the potential contributions of urban wetland restoration to community well-being alongside recreational opportunities. The study employs a multifaceted approach involving mapping of current and historical data linked to flood causations, site analysis of the Boynton neighborhood, visual ethnography using photos of the site compared to mapped data, interviews of professionals, and animated projection of interview findings over a 3D layered map of the Boynton neighborhood, and urban design proposal. Amid the exploration of flood causations and mitigation strategies, some findings arose. It is possible to achieve the restoration of nature’s balance through connecting different natural cycles and harmonious relationships between living organisms and the elements of the Earth. Some inspired green and blue strategies to mitigate floods include using riparian buffers near rivers and water streams, decreasing the size of sewer sectional areas by daylighting creeks, and restoring wetlands that filter air, soil, and water from acid rain and sewer pollutants by using ponds and native vegetation. To dismantle the systematic environmental injustices in Detroit and to have a flourishing future from all angles (economically, socially, and environmentally), it is important to fix past mistakes by restoring nature’s balance and continuing to maintain it. In conclusion, flood resiliency is a continuous process needs to be accomplished on both regional and communal levels.

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This project considers the development of a novel image preprocessing method designed specifically for improving lane detection in autonomous driving systems. The goal is to pre-process road images, so they become clearer and more suitable for the advanced algorithms that help self-driving cars understand their surroundings. This work focuses on combining two key techniques, homomorphic and bilateral filtering.  The first addresses  the problem of inconsistent lighting which can hide vital lane-line features and prevent successful thresholding. The second removes noise while retaining lane edge details. The success of this method could significantly boost the performance of neural network-based lane detection technologies, which are proving essential for the operation of autonomous vehicles.

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Background: Oral diseases continue to be a major public health concern globally, necessitating the development of comprehensive oral health initiatives. Comprehensive care includes health education strategies that highlight the importance of disease prevention. Bacteria are central to most oral diseases, yet few studies have explored the potential impact of including specifics of microbial pathogenesis on oral health education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if integration of microbiology-focused instructions and activities improve oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors.

Methods: A pre-test/post-test experimental study was conducted among undergraduate life-science students. Upon randomization, students were allocated to the control group (n=35) who received Standard Oral Hygiene Instructions (SD-OHI) and to the experimental group (n=40) who received Microbiology-focused Oral Hygiene Instructions (MICRO-OHI). Questionnaires were given to each group before and after the educational intervention for measurement of changes in oral health behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge.   

Results: Descriptive statistics were performed on the pre-test/post-test responses for SD-OHI and MICRO-OHI. Both groups showed improved responses on items related to oral health behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge after educational intervention. Items related to the microbiology of dental disease had significant improvement in the MICRO-OHI group (p<0.05) compared to the SD-OHI group (p=0.50) measured using the McNemar-Bowker test. Qualitative analysis of responses to “Why should we brush our teeth?” revealed that a higher percentage of MICRO-OHI added emphasis on bacteria/biofilm removal in their responses compared to SD-OHI.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that both methods of instruction increased health-promoting responses after intervention and that the addition of microbiology-focused instructions has the potential to uniquely augment comprehensive oral healthcare strategies.                                                                    

Keywords: Oral Health Education (OHE), Oral Health Knowledge (OHK)

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Climate change Climate change has far-reaching effects on human health, influencing it in various ways. This includes increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Extreme weather events can cause injuries and premature deaths. Food- and water-borne illnesses like diarrhea, cholera, and other infections. Mental health threats induced by climate-related disasters, displacement, and uncertainty can impact mental health. Climate change alters the habitat and behavior of disease-carrying this contributes to the spread of diseases like Lyme disease and West Nile Virus. Climate change can increased violent crime rates. Additionally, overall poor mental health can result from the stressors associated with climate-related disruptions.

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This thesis focuses on the phenomenological aspects of the interplay between shadow and light in Detroit's urban fabric. Structured around three framework concepts—experience, place, and time—derived from comprehensive literature reviews by Simon Unwin and precedent studies like Stonehenge and Park de La Villette, this investigation examines various types of shadows generated by architectural and natural elements. In Praise of Shadow, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki explores how these shadows not only define space but also contribute to the essence of a place. Central to this exploration are two key questions: Does the deliberate manipulation of an empty place to accentuate light and shadow enhance its quality? And how can natural elements such as light and shadow be harnessed to create memorable moments within Detroit’s urban environment? This thesis attempts to uncover the experiential dimension of these moments, particularly within the context of the urban meadow. This investigation uses an overall qualitative methodology to create a proposal for a Light and Shadow Meadow, that utilizes drawing, sketching, and photographing as site observations and creating physical models or installations to study how light interacts with its surroundings in Detroit. Two light and windowpane installations stand out for their beneficial impact on the design of user experiences within the urban environment. Through these installations, it became evident how sunlight tangibly influences the formation of shadows. Due to Detroit receiving a negative connotation of its lack of sunny days, these installations shaped the visual and atmospheric characteristics of buildings and urban landscapes. In essence, this study offers a revitalized perspective, emphasizing the importance of light and shadow within architectural and urban settings. Its overarching goal is to shift focus towards this often-neglected aspect, unveiling nuanced insights that enrich our understanding of Detroit's light and shadow.

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Considering the rapid growth and incorporation of regional anesthesia (RA) techniques, nurse anesthesia (NA) programs must produce practitioners who are confident and highly skilled in the field of RA. Currently, there is room for increased hands-on learning opportunities within the University of Detroit Mercy (UDM) NA curriculum. This project aims to improve third-year NA student’s knowledge, skills, and confidence with RA techniques by developing and incorporating a cadaver-based review session (CBRS) into the curriculum. The CBRS provides students with hands-on experience to reinforce RA education by focusing on anatomical structures and ultrasound-guided techniques pertaining to interscalene and supraclavicular peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs).

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Bacteriophage, or better known as phage, are viruses that infect and take over bacterial cells. In this study, we annotated the isolated phage Rimu, between the two of us we focused on the genes 19-37 and genes 72-90. Surprisingly, Donovan observed that a lot of the genes between 72-90 had no known function due to them being hypothetical proteins which left only a few genes that had a function. In specific one of the genes that had a function was gene 88, which had the function of visualization, the name of this gene was HNH endonuclease. Something I also noticed was that in gene 81 it still did not have all the data drafted meaning that it was difficult to get all the information which brought Donovan to the conclusion that this is not a valid gene. As for myself, I Cornelius Harris saw that most of the genes that I looked at had some problem with them on DNA master, a big problem that I founded myself in was searching for such things like blast data or the functions for the specific parts of the genes. For instance, with gene 21 I found out that the gene had a ridiculously small query, which by no means is something new because they are all supposed to equal up to that, but it looked like it was off because there were not even any other number off to the side of it. One of the most helpful things to me while I was doing this project was my partner Donovan Blackwell, because of his carful and direct skills of navigation, because when I was looking for my ST data, I nearly missed the correct information, listed on the site. What I mean by that, is that some start and stop codons were placed out of order on certain page number ranging from page 1-2 but they were not actual correct genes at all. The correct genes were listed at the bottom of the page. Altogether most of the problems that I encountered were only results of the computer not working on the first go, a quick refresh solved that problem.

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Our poster highlights the key causes for climate change and how it is a threat to human beings and our enviornment. Climate change is linked directly to our health causeing diseases such as Valley Fever and Malaria. We highlight the causes of climate change, the carriers of diseases, and how we can prevent further damage. 

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Introducing the Aeroponics Companion App, a revolutionary tool designed to enhance the indoor gardening experience with the Residential Aeroponic Tower. This innovative app offers a seamless integration with the tower, providing users with real-time plant wellness information through the plant scan feature. With a live dashboard displaying the status of LED lights, water levels, and system health, users can easily monitor and maintain their garden. The app's detailed planting and harvesting guides ensure optimal growth and yield, making indoor gardening effortless and interactive. Explore the full range of benefits and features of the Residential Aeroponic Tower through this comprehensive companion app, empowering users to maximize the potential of their aeroponic growing system. 

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Myrosinase activity in broccoli glucosinolates has been discussed in the past. Current studies on cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli, have gained significance in the fight against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Glucosinolates in broccoli transformation into sulforaphane occur after its exposure through chewing. However, the relationship between individual chewing patterns and age has not been extensively studied. Research on human digestion has demonstrated how the mechanical breakdown of larger food particles into smaller ones is a precursor to chemical breakdown. This study is a comparative analysis of how age impacts the chewing of broccoli tissues by different individuals, which enables the enzyme myrosinase chemical breakdown of broccoli glucosinolates. Lastly, we investigate the myrosinase activity of regular versus organic broccoli.

Keywords: Broccoli, Chewing, Glucosinolates, Myrosinase, Age

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Reading achievement in the United States continues to fall below expected levels despite a strong focus on reading intervention implementation across the country. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the implementation of evidence-based reading interventions including factors that facilitate or impede high-quality implementation. Social validity is one factor believed to influence intervention implementation and yet is an overlooked element in educational research. This research synthesis explored social validity measurement in reading intervention research from 2011 to 2022 in three high-impact journals that frequently publish reading intervention research.  Results suggest a small percentage of articles reported on social validity, and methods to evaluate social validity varied.

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• Operating at a scale in which levels of variability may be considered negligible, residential architecture remains bound and tethered to a set of hardened principles, as practice becomes increasingly homogenized, and patterns begin to repeat themselves.  Universal workflows, methodologies, and organizational structures proven effective and profitable, have served as the model through which the design, development, and materialization of American homes have followed, and continue to prevail today.  Throughout the development of these standards, subtle process improvements relevant to case, or industry specific circumstances, offer slight shifts or sequence improvements, and are either implemented or ignored, dependent upon their reception to those whom they are meant to assist, and their ability to fit within a primary framework.  While pre-established methods remain relatively productive, with widespread use across the architecture, engineering, and construction industries, common missteps and inefficiencies continue to present themselves.  Meanwhile, the ever-growing and rapidly progressing technological advancements developing across the world, implemented, and embraced by others, are beginning to suggest the potential for a radically different set of ideologies and logic through which the practice of design and build may be structured.  Unprecedented levels of accessibility, and an expanding compatibility between various digital platforms and interfaces, suggest that wholesale interdisciplinary shifts might be coming, the implications of which are just beginning to come forward, with many yet to be discovered.

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The core of our shared experiences can be found in the variety of urban life, where human behavior interacts with diverse urban environments. As the scale of cities continues to grow, the need to prioritize people in urban development becomes more and more significant, challenging the conventional emphasis on physical elements. This thesis delves into the complex relationship of psychology, social dynamics, and the built environment, bringing insight into the various elements of urban life.  

This thesis introduces the 'elements of density' framework, which is a fresh methodology. This framework—Scale, Proximity, Senses, Cores, Third Places—allows for a comprehensive understanding of urban life, including its social, psychological, and physical components. These elements have the ability to determine and influence our perceptions, comprehension, and experiences of everything around us. Learning and analyzing the work of notable urbanists such as Kevin Lynch and Jane Jacobs, it challenges the psychological underlying urban attachment, recognizing the nuanced relationship of nostalgia and perception in shaping our urban environments.  

Through an in-depth investigation and involvement with multiple experiences, this research aims to encourage the development of vibrant cities. This multidisciplinary analysis is intended to improve the understanding of the complex elements of urban living and function as a tool to enhance the way we live in cities.  

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Background: Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to impairments in emotion processing such as alexithymia (difficulties identifying, describing, and expressing one’s own emotions), and receptive skills in perception and memory for others’ emotions. These impairments have been demonstrated primarily using questionnaires and experimental tasks. Little research has examined the extent to which these impairments relate to real-world interpersonal outcomes, such as companionship. We hypothesized that alexithymia would be inversely related to companionship, and objective abilities in perception and memory for emotions would be positively related to companionship. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that the relationship of companionship to receptive skills (perception accuracy and delayed memory for emotions) would be moderated by level of alexithymia. 

Method: Participants included 119 adults: 51 with moderate-to-severe TBI, and 68 neurologically-healthy comparisons (NHC). Participants completed the PROMIS Companionship and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) questionnaires, as well as a computerized task assessing perception and delayed recall of facial emotion, the Facial Recognition and Memory for Emotion (FRAME). 

Results: Independent-sample t tests indicated the TBI group showed significantly greater alexithymia and impairments in emotion perception and memory for emotions than NHC. Within the TBI group, alexithymia and companionship showed strong inverse correlation. Among NHC, inverse correlations were also observed between alexithymia and companionship; however, solely in the aspect of difficulty identifying feelings. Neither TBI nor NHC demonstrated linear associations between companionship and emotion perception or memory for emotion. However, as predicted, alexithymia and cognitive status moderated the relationship between memory for emotions and companionship: Adults with TBI who also experienced alexithymia showed a positive correlation between FRAME emotion recall and companionship. Unexpectedly, NHC with low levels of alexithymia showed an inverse correlation between FRAME emotion recall and companionship. 

Conclusions: Among adults with TBI and alexithymia (impaired experienced emotion), memory for others’ emotions seems especially important to maintaining companionship. In contrast, neurologically-healthy adults with high emotion-focused personalities, good memory for emotion was associated with low companionship. The reason for this pattern is unknown, but it may reflect a reaction to low companionship (i.e., increased focus on emotions experienced by self and others) or a cause of it (i.e., driving others away). These findings may be useful for identifying adults at risk for low companionship and implicate future interventions to address these critical issues of psychosocial well-being.

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Child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors are at high risk of psychopathology as adults (Gallo et al., 2018). Most studies overlook the effects of CSA in men despite evidence indicating gender differences in mental health outcomes (Adams et al., 2018). Further, it is unclear what influences these differences, though conformity to masculine norms may play an important role (Walfield, 2018). This study examined masculine norms (winning, emotional control, risk-taking, violence, playboy, self-reliance, primacy of work, power over women, and hetero self-presentation; Mahalik, 2003) as mediators between CSA severity and depression, anxiety, and CSA-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Data were collected from 649 community men (Mage=33.2;17.6% endorsed CSA). A CSA severity score was calculated from CSA characteristics (e.g., tactics/acts; No CSA=0). Control and self-reliance mediated the relation between CSA and depression/anxiety, and power over women mediated the effect of CSA on anxiety. No masculinity subscales emerged as mediators for PTSS, though CSA directly predicted PTSS. High endorsement of emotional control, self-reliance, and power over women may be a reaction to the loss of control reported by CSA survivors (Easton et al., 2014) and explain mechanisms underlying mental health outcomes of CSA for men. Implications for future research and intervention will be discussed.

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Obstructions in a vehicle’s windshield or windows block a driver’s view of the road. This increases the chances of collisions with pedestrians and other vehicles.

Previous studies have explored this topic using windshield damage as an example. Their research shows that windshield damage increases the chances of a vehicle crash by 6.5 percent.

We used information from the NHTSA database and data collected on campus to find the increase in accident risk associated with windshield obstructions such as parking tags.

Our research found that about half of the subjects had some sort of windshield obstruction, with about one-fourth of the obstructions being university parking tags.

Because they do not obstruct the driver’s view, parking stickers are a safer alternative to hanging tags.

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The duodenum, as the first part of the small intestine, is crucial in the complex process of digestion and nutritional absorption. This organ is vital in breaking down ingested food, which aids in the digestion of essential nutrients into the bloodstream. The duodenum is distinguished by its various morphological and physiological propertiesincluding the duodenal papillawhich links to both the pancreas and the gallbladdercontrolling the release of digestion enzymes and bile. Furthermorethe duodenum is distinguishable by its short lengthThe duodenum is in the abdominal cavity, specifically the upper abdomen, which lies distal to the stomach as the small intestine's first partThe pyloric sphinctera muscle valve that functions as a critical step in the digestive process, separates the duodenum from the stomachOver a seven-year study involving 89 cadavers, our research aimed to determine the measurements of the distance between the pylorus and the major papilla and the distance between the minor papilla and the major papilla. The study confirmed the anticipated 8 cm distance from the pylorus to the major duodenal papilla, consistent with prior observationsHowever, the 2 cm distance between the major and minor duodenal papilla is notably shorter than commonly documented in textbooks and journalsThis research offers valuable insights into the precise measurements of duodenal structuresGrasping the measurements between the pylorus and the major papilla, as well as the distance between the minor papilla and the major papilla, is not only indispensable for precise medical practice but also for advancing our knowledgeimproving patient care, and promoting early detection and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.

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Background: Individuals with serious mental illness are at an increased risk for physical health problems, yet are less likely to receive preventative services and medical care than other populations (Ostrow et al., 2014). Having a primary care physician and primary care utilization could potentially reduce these risks.

Present Study: This mixed methods study investigated the contributions of gender and social support to primary care use among a predominately African American sample of people with serious mental illness.  

Method: As part of a larger study, participants with serious mental illness and at least one comorbid medical condition (N = 165) completed surveys, including measures of social support and primary care utilization at baseline and 6-month time points.  Selected participants were invited to participate in qualitative interviews or focus groups to assist in the exploration of factors that may influence primary care use.

Results and Discussion: Quantitative findings included that being female was associated with higher levels of social support from a significant other. Gender was not associated with any other type of social support or number of primary care visits. Type of social support was also not associated with number of primary care visits. Qualitative results included ways in which social support was perceived as beneficial to participants. Qualitative findings also included men reported an absence of social support more frequently than women. Implications for research and practice regarding primary care for people with serious mental illness are discussed.

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Bacteriophages are natural pathogens of bacteria that can be widely found. The DNA found inside the bacteriophage’s capsid head which lysis specific host bacteria in order to replicate itself. In parts of the SEA-PHAGES research program, phages isolated from prior research were further analyzed by isolating its DNA for gene annotation. In this investigation, genes 38-53 and 91-103 from Rimu, a phage isolated at the  University of Detroit Mercy, were further analyzed using DNA Master and SEA-PHAGE resources. These programs allowed for insight on the possible evolution and function of the predicted genes in the DNA Master of  Rimu. Through methods of cross-examination with these programs, the gene’s characteristics, functions, and final sequence was recorded. In Genes 43-47, it was found that gene 45 from DNA Master was inaccurate. Oddly, gene 45 was a green gene, left to right coded, and was overlapping with genes 44 and 46 which are red genes, right to left coded. Before deleting gene 45, the BLAST data for all corresponding genes in the area was tested. After changing the blast data for gene 45, no variation produced a more reliable BLAST which confirmed our prediction. On the contrary, genes 44 and 46 highly supported the BLAST data and functions listed. These findings highlight the rise in online gene annotation research and its benefits to the ongoing rise of modern day phage technology by understanding phage genetics and functions that can lead to innovative solutions for various fields.

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Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a pervasive issue, especially for Black women (HHS, 2020). Though thought suppression is a common coping mechanism for trauma, it paradoxically leads to increased unwanted thoughts and psychopathology (Amstadter et al., 2006). Separately, CM has been linked to insecure attachment styles (Zietlow et al., 2017) and thought suppression (Krause et al., 2003), and insecure attachment style predicts increased thought suppression (Murray et al., 2021). However, these links have not been examined together, nor among a sample of Black women, which is important as Black women may be more likely to have insecure attachment styles (Cooley et al., 2012). This study examined avoidant and anxious attachment as mediators of the relation between CM and thought suppression. Community Black women (n = 144; Mage=31.34) completed measures on CM types (physical, emotional, sexual abuse, physical and emotional neglect), attachment style, and thought suppression. Parallel mediation analyses indicated anxious attachment mediated the relation between emotional abuse and neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse to thought suppression. Avoidant attachment was not a significant mediator. Clinicians should assess for all CM types, and interventions that build secure attachment and promote healthy coping may be useful for Black women who have experienced CM and who are anxiously attached.

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In the evolving travel industry landscape, integrating technology has revolutionized the booking process, introducing innovative solutions like booking chatbots. This project aims to elucidate the significance of incorporating chatbots into booking systems to enhance user experience and streamline operations in flight bookings. The project explores the complexities inherent in in-flight bookings. It investigates the potential solutions offered by chatbots, navigating through various frameworks available in the market for building chatbots and addressing the challenges encountered during their development. Utilizing advanced natural language processing techniques, frameworks like TensorFlow and platforms like DialogFlow are employed to develop and train the chatbot. Additionally, integration with airline APIs and payment gateways ensures seamless functionality. Data collection on user interactions and feedback enables continuous refinement and enhancement of the chatbot's performance.

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An important component of visual information processing is the conversion of light patterns into objects. It is adaptive to be able to detect objects even in ambiguous/noisy visual patterns. Pareidolia is the phenomenon of seeing familiar objects in visual patterns, when no object actually exists. Our concern in this project was time course processing in pareidolia.  Time-course analyses are important for advancing knowledge of visual information processing because, for example, they reveal how human visual attention strategies shift over time; and describe temporal attention patterns associated with psychological disorders or cognitive impairments. 

Eye tracking allows us to determine moment-to-moment attention strategies. Over et al. (2007) proposed an adaptive coarse-to-fine eye movement strategy for visual search. Individuals use this strategy to efficiently scan visual scenes. A Coarse-to-fine strategy involves initially scanning broadly (i.e., brief eye fixations with long-distance saccades) before focusing on finer details (i.e., prolonged eye fixations with short-distance saccades). In pareidolia, no real object is present in the visual pattern. Does processing reflect the purported coarse-to-fine strategy?

Sixty volunteers at Detroit Mercy viewed and responded to Rorschach inkblots on a computer screen. The variables of interest in the study were eye fixation duration (reflecting information acquisition strategy), and saccade amplitude (reflecting peripheral preprocessing strategy).  Each inkblot had at least 10s of data, so, we divided the data into five time slices: 0-2sec, 2-4sec, 4-6sec, 6-8sec, and 8-10sec. The 10sec window was reasonable, because humans can extract the gist of a scene within half a second (500ms) of viewing the scene. Our results showed a flat line over the time slices, for fixation duration and for saccade amplitude. Hence, in contrast to a course-to-fine processing strategy, the results supported a fixed processing strategy for pareidolia.  Studies such as the one described here are important in cognitive psychology, as human strategies inform algorithms in computer visual information acquisition systems.

Up-coming studies will address the following limitations with a variety of scenes:  First, while a 10sec  window constitutes a long viewing time, strategies beyond 10sec of viewing were not addressed in this study.  On average, across all the displays presented, the volunteers spent about 45sec per display.  Second, we made no record of WHEN pareidolia was FIRST experienced for each display presented. It is possible that a coarse-to-fine strategy was utilized up to the first pareidolic experience for each display.

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Offices are a space where much of an individual's time is spent, with the majority of the time sitting at desks. Sedentary living can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle of limited physical movement that affects both mental and physical health. Looking at the function of nature as a tool, office spaces can become a restorative environment that connects humans back to nature, as seen with biophilic design. This thesis investigation explores how nature can inspire reinvigorating design strategies to enhance employee well-being, analyzing how the office environment can support dynamic behaviours to enhance employee experience. The methodology includes creating abstracts and collages to combine both office environments and natural elements together. A visionary approach would incorporate nature ideologies into an interior space. Surveys were created for employees to understand their experience and to define employee wellness in their own terms. From an analysis of current biophilic designs, a critique was discovered since the definitional intention with biophilia is to connect humans and nature. However, current biophilic designs do not relate to nature, but instead satisfied with using more muted colours and simple decorative design instead of integrating biophilia in the office environment. Reinvigorating office space with natural design connects humans to nature in order toincrease health and well-being, strengthening the connection to nature and making the space more dynamic allows individuals to place value on nature and in turn place value on themselves.

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The purpose of this study (IRB #23-24-30) serves to isolate institutional factors that students have experienced relating to increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression after transitioning into a Dental or Dental Hygiene program. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study on a convenience population of 615 students with 195 participants currently attending the University of Detroit Mercy Dental School. Student participants completed questions from the DASS-21, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 to indicate symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression during their Dental or Dental Hygiene programs. The results concluded that various institutional factors increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during their professional program. The top three most significant institutional factors that contributed negatively to stress, anxiety, and depression were work/course load, limited flexibility of schedule, and inadequate sleep. Students selected from a list of improvements that the institution can implement to decrease symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. The top three responses included exam prep days, scheduled mental health days with no penalty, and built-in study breaks for exams during the academic and clinical schedule. Students also had an optional free response on additional suggestions for institutional improvement and any other information that they felt was beneficial to our research. Examples from these free responses included scheduled mental health days/days off, sensitivity training for faculty and staff, and dedicated time to study for exams and clinical board exams. Understanding this information will help dental educators identify solutions and opportunities to improve the mental health of Dental and Dental Hygiene students.

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Background: Emerging Adulthood is a developmental period of identity exploration and internalization, generally coinciding with being aged 18-24, which often includes significantly elevated rates of risk-taking. Emerging Adulthood has primarily been studied in college samples and little is known about how members of the US military experience this period or how identity development in military members is related to risk-taking and suicide.

Present Study: The present study compared college-aged military members to college students to determine if group differences exist on being in a period of Emerging Adulthood, having a foreclosed identity, attitude toward risk and attitudes toward suicide.

Method: Utilizing an online survey platform, 140 participants (67 military members, 73 college students) completed established self-report measures including: the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood; the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status- Revised Version; the Attitude Toward Suicide Measure; and the Attitudes Towards Risk Questionnaire.  A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), including gender, education and income as covariates was conducted. 

Results and Discussion: Military members endorsed having a foreclosed identity and disapproving attitude toward suicide more strongly than do college students, and identified as being in a period of Emerging Adulthood less strongly.  These results were statistically significant.  No significant differences were found between the groups on attitude toward risk or accepting attitude toward suicide.  This suggests that the identity development of military personnel during the college-age years differs from the larger population and the implications of this warrant further exploration. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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Stress and anxiety levels aggregate the degree of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) when compared with individuals showing no signs of depression, hence creating a need to evaluate the significant relationship between stress and TMD. Thus, the aim of this study (IRB-#23-24-31) is to investigate the relation with stress and increase in TMD, with the aim of developing enhanced educational tools to inform the public on the impacts of stress on the neck and head region and also inside the oral cavity. This study conducted among 59 participants showed that there is a correlation between stress levels and jaw pain, correlation between severity of attrition with high levels of stress, and findings that participants barely utilize nightguards. The survey results indicate that 17 participants are unsure about their grinding and clenching, which confirms the argument by Polmann et al (2021) that grinding and clenching (bruxism) often occurs at night and most people may be unaware. Bruxism is often related to stress and it yields the TMD pain, and the continuous bruxism forms TMDs.  Participant responses to all the survey questions confirm that most participants experienced TMJ pain and were at risk of developing TMD. Thus, a recommendation for enhanced patient awareness of temporomandibular disorders, the need to manage stress and adopt good self-care measures by experts is necessary.

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The portrayal of mental illness in modern literature holds implications that have perpetuated certain stereotypes and power dynamics as it seeks to dismantle others.While there's significant scholarship on how literature often destigmatizes mental illness, there's a lack of focus on the narrative techniques used to depict mentally ill characters and their impact on cultural perceptions. This project aims to analyze the narrative styles employed in Charlotte Gilman’s "The Yellow Wallpaper" (1892) and Lu Xun’s "A Madman's Diary"(1918) to portray mentally ill characters. It seeks to explore how unreliable narration shapes the believability of these characters and contributes to broader societal conversations about mental illness, including the Anti-Psychiatry Movement. By examining the narrative techniques used in these texts, I aim to demonstrate how unreliable narration serves as a powerful tool for crafting believable yet stigmatized characters. The stories influence cultural perceptions of mental illness, reinforcing existing power dynamics and revealing how narratives shape our understanding of mental health.

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This poster focuses on food insecurity and how it is a world wide struggle. It dicusses why this is an issue, how this usse ocures, how climiante chnage plays a role in food insecuirty, as well as the health problems that come along with food insecuirty. This poster closes by focusing on how food insecuirty can be fixed all over thw\e world.

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Drosohila melanogaster has long been used as a genetics model system to understand a variety of differernt developmental and physiological processes. Here are are characterizing a novel mutation, C.3.3, intitially identified in a genetic screen for regulators of cell growth and cell division. Students from the Fly-CURE consortium worked to map this mutation to two non-overlapping locations on chromosome 2R. Here we are working to utilize homologous recombination to separate these two mutations from each other to determine if one or both of the mutations drives the Flp/FRT phenotype initially observed. 

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Atrazine is a pesticide of the triazine class and is one of the most used pesticides in North America. We are investigating the toxicological effects of atrazine exposure on the crayfish species, Faxonius virilis. The effects of atrazine exposure on crayfish are of interest because crayfish are a keystone species. Atrazine has been known to negatively impact many aspects of crayfish health; atrazine has been demonstrated to diminish the ability for crayfish to locate food and find a mate, it affects the expression and activity of detoxification enzymes, and it induces histological changes that demonstrate the toxicity of the pesticide. We aim to quantitate atrazine and its metabolites in crayfish hepatopancreas tissue to assess correlation between atrazine levels and the previously observed behavioral and physiological effects of atrazine. A method for extracting atrazine and its metabolites from the crayfish hepatopancreas tissue was developed and validated. The method involves liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based quantitation using isotopic internal standards for each analyte. Spike recovery tests resulted in recoveries over 90% for all analytes. The validated method was used to investigate accumulation of atrazine and its metabolites in crayfish exposed to 100 ppb atrazine for four days compared to an unexposed control group. Additionally, an preliminary untargeted LC-MS metabolomics analysis was performed on control and exposed groups of Drosophila melanogaster to explore potential metabolic changes following atrazine exposure.

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This study uses Hansson’s technique to identify carbonic anhydrase (CAH) activity and the possible paracrine regulatory relationships between the Malpighian tubules, tracheal airways, and ceca in Madagascar roaches. Carbonic anhydrase (CAH) supports the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and protons, CO2 + H2O        H2CO3         H+ + HCO3- . Ceca are blind ended finger like projections that have acidic secretions (pH of 4.98). Tracheal airways are used for gas exchange and are closely associated with cecal surfaces. Malpighian tubules were intertwined with the surface tracheal airways. Larger airways within the cecal wall branch into smaller airways found within the mucosal cecal folds. Using Hansson’s technique, CAH activity was found only in the smaller airways and not in the larger airways. CAH activity was also found in the Malpighian tubules surrounding the ceca. Acetazolamide (CAH inhibitor) was used as a control. Orange-G was used to find acidophilic granules indicating possible paracrine control. Orange-G staining cells were located adjacent to larger airways within the cecal wall, as well as within the apical region of Malpighian tubules. Because no CAH activity was found in cecal folds it is assumed that the airways are the source of protons. Future research will involve using proton pump and bicarbonate/chloride exchange inhibitors to define the role of airways in cecal acid secretion. 

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This study is a comprehensive exploration of a trending topic within architecture, involving the redemption of the built form through the use of adaptive reuse. There are currently sixty-three abandoned schools located within Detroit, the majority of which have sat vacant for over twenty years. Almost a third of these schools are set to be demolished, as almost fifty have been demolished within the last fifteen years. This thesis aims to investigate how adaptive reuse can breathe new life into these vacant schools to save them. Questions that have risen with this investigation include how issues of senior housing and lack of child care within Detroit can be tackled through adaptive reuse. This thesis explores combining seniors and children to create an intergenerational community within vacant schools that helps to revitalize the school’s surrounding community. To explore these questions a school was chosen located in one of the Detroit districts most in need of childcare services. Elizabeth Courville Elementary School, located in the Grixdale neighborhood served as the vessel to explore this new intergenerational programming. This study provided a new glimpse into how two generations on opposite ends of the age spectrum can interact together to help each other in many ways. The idea of community is pushed throughout the design from the connection of residents to each other, kids, and the surrounding community all benefiting collectively. In conclusion, this thesis stands at the forefront of adaptive reuse to explore new programmatic functions that aid in restoring identity, community, and historic value. Adaptive reuse of school buildings can be applied across North America by encouraging innovative design thinking and challenging traditional paradigms. This study contributes significantly to the progressive evolution of adaptive reuse, highlighting the transformative potential inherent in reimagining neglected urban spaces.

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are viruses that infect and take over bacterial cells. In this study, we isolated and annotated the bacteriophage Mr. Phizzler, focusing on genes within sections 35-50 and 85-101 of its genomes. Interestingly, we observed a clustering of functional genes primarily in the central region, spanning genes 41 through 45, while genes outside this cluster lacked functions. Specifically, gene 41 encodes a minor tail protein, gene 44 codes for a DNA binding protein, and gene 45 contains a helix-turn-helix. These functions all have specific roles that work together to make a properly functioning genome. On the other hand, other than those 4 specific genes, all of the other genes are nonfunctional (NKF). Also, with gene 99 and 42, we had to change the start codon because it was not aligned 100%. Our research helps us understand how Mr. Phizzler's genes work together and shows why it's crucial to continue studying phage genetics and biology. 

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The evaluation of housing prices plays a crucial role in economic stability and development. This study emphasizes the importance of accurate housing price evaluation and proposes a systematic approach to achieve this goal. We employ the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Random Forest regression algorithms, assessing their performance through R-squared values. The study optimizes KNN's k-value and distance weight and incorporates decision trees and feature sampling in Random Forests. Our analysis includes datasets from Boston, California, and Shenzhen to capture diverse housing market dynamics and economic conditions across different regions and time periods. Our findings indicate that the house area significantly influences prices in 2010’s Shenzhen, while median income and lower population status play crucial roles in 1990s California and 1970s Boston, respectively. Through GridSearchCV for hyperparameter tuning, we identify the optimal estimator for each algorithm. Results reveal that Random Forest, with an R-squared of 0.8, outperforms KNN, which achieves a score of approximately 0.7, in predicting house prices. This suggests that Random Forests offers a more accurate and efficient real estate price evaluation method.

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In traditional programming education, learners often grapple with extensive knowledge of syntax, rules, and commands, spending hours troubleshooting unexpected errors. Despite their efforts, the culmination often results in a monotonous terminal output, lacking the excitement and sense of accomplishment to inspire students and sustain their interest in learning.

This project aims to develop an interactive and engaging educational programming game that enables users to create and control units using code. Designed for individuals aged 11 and above interested in programming, the game offers an immersive environment to rediscover and enhance their passion for programming. By integrating object-oriented programming concepts into gameplay, the project provides a simplified and practical approach to learning professional skills while elevating the gaming experience.

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Within Residential Architecture, bridging the gap between the typical single-family house and the new standard of sustainability is a particular concern. Beginning with the idea of mitigating the mass production of houses, tract housing, into a more sustainable method. The idea of taking the same or similar house and placing it repetitively within the same plot of land is one of the most unsustainable methods of building. This is because there is a lack of acknowledgment of orientation and sustainable design in general. With this, it was soon realized that the real problem lies within the single-family house itself.

This is an investigation to explore the gap between current and past single-family housing development standards and new standards of sustainability within the United States and then form a solution for sustainable single-family housing in Michigan. Expected outcomes include the definition of a strategy for reimagining the single-family house to achieve increased sustainability. As of today, the typical single-family house is of no comparison to the new standard of sustainability. The construction of these houses is expected to be based on the concept of maximizing profits. Contractors, builders, and developers are cutting corners, using cheap, poor-quality materials, and once again ignoring the ideas of efficiency. There is a lack of balance between the triple bottom line; People, Profit, and Planet. Through interview data and observation of the construction of the single-family home, it can be seen that there is an extreme interest in profit over any other aspect of efficiency, affordability, and sustainability.

Methods will include annotative bibliographies, precedent studies and research on existing case studies, and census and environmental data diagramming. Other studies may include interview processes, observation of sites, and mapping. In these methods, interviews and observations of the construction process will become an important aspect. The comparison of the interviews with the builders and the observation by eye and research will create an overview of what problems are being caused by which current methods of building. Combined together, they will allow for the analysis of what is built today and what sustainable method creates the largest impact for the typical single family. 

Issues related to the housing market are being overlooked in terms of impact on climate change and sustainability. In fact, there are 97 million single-family, detached houses in the United States alone that have a cumulative effect comparable to that of the 5.9 million commercial buildings. There would be a great impact of change on this topic if people were to become more educated on these numbers. Transforming 20 houses, similar numbers to one subdivision would create the same sustainable impact as one commercial building. This thesis will help educate communities on what their house's impact is on the planet through infographics showing the impact of each individual sustainable method and going deeper into which one is the most efficient and affordable for their region, Michigan.   

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Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria that play crucial roles in regulating bacterial populations and influencing bacterial evolution through processes like horizontal gene transfer. MrPhizzler is a siphoviridae B1 lytic phage unearthed from the University of Detroit Mercy campus as part of the SEA PHAGES program. DNA sequencing analysis of the bacteriophage genome of MrPhizzler was conducted to unravel its genetic composition and insights into their potential functions. Specifically, genes 1~17 and 50-67 predicted by the DNAMaster program were analyzed, which revealed a number of novel characteristics or points for further analysis. One was the presence of multiple genes that serve a similar function by supposedly producing the same protein, an example being the protein helicase, albeit translating into a different amino acid sequence. There were also various genes for which an altered start codon than the originally predicted one resulted in a more reliable BLAST result. In addition, there were certain genes that were predicted to have multiple functions(translates for both helicase and primase proteins). Some genes shared the same sequence as those of other organisms such as humans or bacteria. Furthermore, there were varying hits on different tools for a single gene(BLAST vs HHPred). These characteristics display the potential for versatility within bacteriophage genomes and reveal room for greater advancements in DNA annotation technologies in specificity and accuracy.

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Water pollution is the contamination of water by harmful substances, such as chemicals, that can affect the health of humans and the environment. Water pollution can cause water to become toxic to humans and the environment. Some of the effects of water pollution on health include: Skin diseases, fluorosis, lead poisoning, arsenicosis, cancer and neurological disorders due to various chemical contaminants in water.

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ABSTRACT
TITLE: Optical Properties of Center Distance and Center Near Designs when Used for Myopia Control Methods
ABSTRACT BODY:
Purpose: Myopia progression can be hindered with the use of multifocal lenses. One of the biggest optical differences that can be found amongst multifocal contact lenses is the area of the pupil where the addition is placed (center near vs center distance). Through this study we want to evaluate the optical and visual performance offered by each of these lens modalities.

Methods: The optical profiles of the lenses Biofinity Monofocal, Biofinity Multifocal 2.5 “D” and 2.5 “N” were obtained with the help of the NIMO instrument. The corresponding Visual Strehl in the Frequency Domain (VSOTF) values were calculated for pupil sizes ranging from 1 to 6 mm by using a customized software developed in MATLAB that applies pupil segmentation techniques. Visual acuities were measured in 5 subjects through focus (15 measurements per condition) binocularly wearing “D” lenses, while wearing one “N” (Non dominant eye) and one “D” (dominant eye) lenses, and while wearing a pair of monofocal lenses. Accommodation was paralyzed with tropicamide 1%. VA measurements were performed for pupil sizes with 2 and 6 mm. Measurements were randomized between subjects to prevent learning/fatigue effects.

Results: Multifocal contact lenses offer a better optical quality for a wider range of object vergences than monofocal lenses. Under multifocal vision with 2.5 “D” lenses, the amount of optical and visual quality observed in front of the retina is larger than with monofocal lenses (59% multifocal vs 48% monofocal for a 2 mm pupil and 61% vs 48% for a 6 mm pupil). When using a combination of 2.5 “D” and “N” lenses the amount of visual quality found in front of the retina is a 57 % for a 2 mm pupil and a 59% for a 6 mm pupil.

Conclusions: NIMO results showed the add power was placed in the center of the lens for the “N” lenses and the add power was located on the periphery of the lens in the “D” lenses. All multifocal combinations increased the amount of optical quality available in front of the retina. The best result for myopia progression for 2 and 6 mm is obtained with a binocular use of Biofinity Multifocal 2.5 “D”. Given that using “N” and “D” designs simultaneously introduces differences between the left and right eyes and that this combination does not offer a superior cue to contain myopia progression, we recommend clinicians to use “D” center designs binocularly with patients interested in myopia controlling contact lenses.

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Individuals who are experiencing homelessness, have a myriad of complex health issues, stemming from social determinants of health related to social inequities and disparities of health care services.

Foot care services are lacking among the homeless. The elderly population have difficulty caring for their feet. The feet are often ignored during the health assessment. Many homeless and elderly population have cardiac and diabetic issues, and foot care is essential to promoting their health. Providing health care services to address the feet will promote wellness and prevention of foot issues. Foot care prevention can decrease unnecessary visits to emergency departments.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of foot care among senior community health nursing students, to provide basic foot assessments, foot care and evaluation in vulnerable populations by the nursing students in their community health clinical. Students also wrote reflections on their experiences.

Materials and Methods

A descriptive study of student knowledge in foot care assessment, care, referral, and evaluation of care provided in vulnerable populations within the community (n=72) over 10 weeks. Nursing students were divided into the foot care group (n=13) who received foot care education and provided foot care, while the others were in the control group (n=28). Students provided foot care in a homeless shelter, a transitional housing center for men released from being incarcerated, a low-income city owned housing complex, and an adult day care. Students received information on foot care, and demonstrated assessment and care skills prior to data collection. The 60-second assessment tool and self-care foot assessment were collected on all first-time participants in the study. In addition, a satisfaction survey was given to staff and participants. Equipment used for foot care: foot tub basins with plastic liners, thermometer for water temperature, Epsom salts, nail files, foot scrub, foot lotion, a dremel, nail clippers, tactile monofilament, towels, floor mat, and clean new socks. After a health survey was given and participants agreed for foot care, foot assessments were conducted and foot baths were given using tepid water, nails were filed, and lotion was applied. Instructors were available to provide dremel use. Individuals were educated on self-foot care and referrals were made as needed. Blood pressure readings were offered to individuals receiving foot care. Nursing students wrote reflections on their experience.

Results

Students who received foot care education didactically had significantly higher scores compared to the pretest and the control group P<0.05, whereas the students who did not receive foot care education did not have significant scores on their post-test p =.866. Overall participant satisfaction was 4.88 on a scale of 1- 5. The referral rate overall was 46% (n=33) with 74% of the homeless population (n=17) having the highest referral rate.

Students noted that participants at the homeless shelter had the most significant foot care issues. Students referred the homeless to the health clinic at the shelter as needed. The men at the transitional housing and men at the homeless shelter were eager to get foot care, and many returned for follow up care. The adult day care center had only women, who were excited and thankful to have foot care. A podiatrist used to visit the center in the past but has since retired. The low-income housing units had the least number of participants.

Nursing students wrote self-reflections on the importance of providing foot care as a nurse. Initially, the nursing students were hesitant about being in the community for clinical. As students provided foot care - they formed relationships with people they were serving. The students heard the participants' stories and felt compassion for people. A few of the nursing students who work in the emergency departments said that they will from now on keep "toes in the head-to-toe assessments".

Results

Students who received foot care education didactically had significantly higher scores compared to the pretest and the control group P<0.05, whereas the students who did not receive foot care education did not have significant scores on their post-test p =.866. Overall participant satisfaction was 4.88 on a scale of 1- 5. The referral rate overall was 46% (n=33) with 74% of the homeless population (n=17) having the highest referral rate.

Students noted that participants at the homeless shelter had the most significant foot care issues. Students referred the homeless to the health clinic at the shelter as needed. The men at the transitional housing and men at the homeless shelter were eager to get foot care, and many returned for follow up care. The adult day care center had only women, who were excited and thankful to have foot care. A podiatrist used to visit the center in the past but has since retired. The low-income housing units had the least number of participants.

Nursing students wrote self-reflections on the importance of providing foot care as a nurse. Initially, the nursing students were hesitant about being in the community for clinical. As students provided foot care - they formed relationships with people they were serving. The students heard the participants' stories and felt compassion for people. A few of the nursing students who work in the emergency departments said that they will from now on keep "toes in the head-to-toe assessments".

Results

Students who received foot care education didactically had significantly higher scores compared to the pretest and the control group P<0.05, whereas the students who did not receive foot care education did not have significant scores on their post-test p =.866. Overall participant satisfaction was 4.88 on a scale of 1- 5. The referral rate overall was 46% (n=33) with 74% of the homeless population (n=17) having the highest referral rate.

Students noted that participants at the homeless shelter had the most significant foot care issues. Students referred the homeless to the health clinic at the shelter as needed. The men at the transitional housing and men at the homeless shelter were eager to get foot care, and many returned for follow up care. The adult day care center had only women, who were excited and thankful to have foot care. A podiatrist used to visit the center in the past but has since retired. The low-income housing units had the least number of participants.

Nursing students wrote self-reflections on the importance of providing foot care as a nurse. Initially, the nursing students were hesitant about being in the community for clinical. As students provided foot care - they formed relationships with people they were serving. The students heard the participants' stories and felt compassion for people. A few of the nursing students who work in the emergency departments said that they will from now on keep "toes in the head-to-toe assessments".

Conclusion

The outcomes were favorable among the community partners, students and individuals receiving care. A common theme was the inability of participants to provide their own foot care and having no one to help them. The participants at the homeless shelter were walking the streets every day without access to foot care. We think of nursing assessments as being head to toe, however the feet have not always been a priority, especially in the community. This experience increased the nursing students’ knowledge of vulnerable populations foot care needs and improved foot health in the populations they served. Nursing students gained knowledge of social determinants of health among the vulnerable populations. Students provided compassionate care and carried out the mission of UDM and CHP. Students stated they gained a greater understanding of the homeless population and have a greater understanding when caring for this population when they are patients in the hospital.

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Problem Statement: Recent United States nursing workforce trends have resulted in a nursing shortage, leading health systems to hire Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs). IEN retention is dependent upon the successful adjustment of the IEN into bedside practice. Some facilities lack resources to assist IENs adjust to practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to develop an IEN Transition to Practice Program to be implemented within the Midwest health system/host institution.

Methodology: The project followed the Program Development design, which involved an evidence-based approach to addressing this professional nursing need. Within phase one, the focus of this DNP project, documents including a curriculum plan and professional supportive network were developed to address the transitional needs of the IENs as they adapt to practice in their new health system. The project design included assessment, planning, development, outcomes, and evaluation.

Outcome: Finalized products were handed off to the host facility’s nursing development department for use in phase two.

Nursing Implications: Appropriately implemented IEN Transition to Practice Programs will address the nursing shortage, prepare incoming IENs for successful practice adjustment, and improve patient care.

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Saccades are eye movements that direct attention in the visual field.  The literature is dominated by studies that rely on horizontal saccadic tasks.  A critical gap exists with reference to mechanisms of vertically directed saccades. An asymmetry exists, such that saccades directed downwards tend to be executed later than saccades directed upwards.  Functional asymmetries in healthy brains are important as baseline metrics for diagnosis in disordered brains. We determined cortical correlates of saccadic asymmetry in frontal and parietal areas purported to be involved in saccade preparation. Frontal areas dominate in premeditated saccades, and parietal areas dominate in reflexive saccades. For the present study, we utilized an electroencephalography + electrooculography methodology to identify ERPs associated with the preparation of premeditated, vertically-directed saccades.  Thirteen healthy participants made up-, or down-directed saccades based on a cue at the fixation point. We found greater cortical activity preceding downward directed saccades in the left frontal area. While the same pattern was apparent in parietal areas, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, we provide evidence of cortical asymmetry in the (left) frontal lobe, for the preparation of premeditated vertical saccades. Future studies in our laboratory will continue to address vertical saccade regularities in clinical populations.

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Open-cell aluminum foam is solid with a sponge-like structure. The foam is a highly porous material, which makes it light weight. In addition, the good thermal conductivity of aluminum and the huge accessible surface area make the foam a good candidate as an efficient heat sink for electronic systems. Both design and selection of any heat sink requires knowledge of the overall thermal resistance of the heat sink. Metal-foam heat sinks are lacking in terms of values for their thermal resistance and the relationship of that resistance to the morphology of the foam. Values of the thermal resistance allows calculation of the amount of heat transfer that a heat sink can remove. In this study, one aluminum-foam heat sink is investigated via direct experiment. The foam had a porosity of 76.4% and 20 pores per inch (ppi). The dimensions of the heat sink were 110mm x 109mm x 20mm. The foam was brazed to a 2mm-thick aluminum base plate. The average base temperature of the heat sink, when subjected to a constant heat flux of 1217.7 W/m2 and cooled by free convection in room air, was measured. The thermal resistance of the foam heat sink was calculated from the measured base and ambient air temperatures. With known thermal resistance aluminum-foam blocks may become more prevalent as heat sinks for cooling future sensors, electronic modules, and batteries of electric vehicles.

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ABSTRACT

863529518. studies on cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli, have gained significance in the fight against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The presence of heavy metals because of the growing conditions and external structural setup of the florets raises food safety concerns among consumers. In this study, we investigate the level of heavy metals in regular versus organic broccoli florets and their impact on myrosinase activity.

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Broccoli, Myrosinase Activity

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The general focus of the thesis investigation was the need for richer tree canopy in urban interiors, as well as the possible solutions for resolving the lack of it. Various studies have proven that trees are a significant part of the city tissue. However, the growing population, rising land prices, and developing climate change, require a push for improvement in both quality and quantity of arborescent architectural design. The research used in this project explored vertical forestry in the urban context along with the silviculture strategies that could further the design of high-quality urban interiors/corridors. The end product of the thesis investigation is the Vertical Urban Forestry Manifesto, which supports effective (not only) vertical urban forestry design alongside an exemplary case study solution – Replan(n/t)ing Żelazna. The mixed methodology work included data-driven mapping, architectural models architectural drawings, diagramming, and photography. Furthermore, the Vertical Urban Forestry Manifesto was written as a composition of findings from the previously conducted methods. The thesis investigation shed light on a new understanding of urban interiors and corridors as bearing not only circulation but also city enhancement function. Moreover, it further proved the significance of forestry and silviculture in urban design. Vertical urban forestry is under constant development, ranging from various types of research and design attempts to degree of attention to detail. This investigation evidenced the innovative, crucial, theoretical aspects, attempting to popularize the knowledge and present them as the future standard of urban practice.

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Water flossers, which are vital for oral hygiene, accumulate bacteria between uses, with long periods of inactivity increasing
contamination. The progression of bacterial build-up in inactive water flossers are investigated in this study. Three new, unused,
Philips Sonicare Power Flosser 3000 water flossers were filled with Ice Mountain bottled water for 1, 2 or 3 weeks and left as stagnant
water for each time interval prior to sampling water from both the water reservoir and nozzle. Water samples and dilutions were plated
on bacteriological plates and grown at either room temperature or 37°C for 2-5 days prior to counting colonies. Results showed a direct
relationship between usage intervals and higher bacterial levels. Samples from the day the water flossers were first filled showed
about 500-2000 colony forming units (cfu)/ml. After stagnant water was left for 7 days, contamination rose to 50,000-500,000 cfu/ml.
Furthermore, after letting water flossers sit dormant for 2 or 3 weeks prior to sampling, contamination levels rose to to as high as
1,000,000-10,000,000 cfu/ml. Remarkably, a single 10-minute treatment with the antimicrobial mouthwash Antiseptic Listerine Cool Mint, reduced water flosser contamination by more than 100-fold. Analysis of bacteria found in inactive devices suggests that soil and water bacteria predominate. This study emphasizes the need for routine maintenance and cleaning as well as the possible usefulness of antimicrobial mouthwashes in preventing or mitigating bacterial colonization of water flossers. Such discoveries help to improve the safety and efficacy of water flosser use in everyday dental care routines.

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A novel allele of Cid (centromere identifier), CidI.3.2, was recently discovered to result in a complete lack of a head in a mosaic eye genetic background. It is important to understand the reasoning behind this so that it can be used to help cancer research in humans. Our research goal is to utilize larval dissection, recombination, and immunohistochemistry to identify how this mutation results in a loss of head during development. The CidI.3.2 allele is an insertion likely eliminating protein function. To utilize a model of reduction, but not loss of Cid, we moved to an RNAi system to reduce expression without complete removal. From these experiments we have found that reducing Cid expression in early eye development results in a dramatic loss of eye size, while reducing Cid expression later in eye development has minimal effects on tissue size. Additionally, we find smaller impacts of Cid reduction in the posterior compartment of the wing. Overall, our findings show the importance of developmental timing with regards the necessity of Cid for Drosophila development. ​

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In this project we showed YouTube comments and the use of natural language processing tools integrated with Python to build an application where we can view the sentiment score of the comment section. Using this score, we can predict how a specific YouTuber’s content is doing within their community. Community is what drives a channel and having their fan base to back it up is what creates a Youtuber’s success. We have taken the comment section from a specific Youtuber’s top five videos and were able to see the difference in positive and negative reviews. This program would allow Youtubers to dive deep into their comment sections and be able to truly understand what their viewer wants.

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Unconscious ego defense mechanisms are thought to play a critical role in interpsychic dynamics, emotion regulation, and psychopathology. Additionally, conscious coping strategies have been associated with overall well-being and psychopathology. However, there is a gap in the research about the relationship between unconscious ego defense mechanisms and conscious coping strategies. This study explores the relationship between defense mechanisms and coping strategies assessed from life story interviews and self-report measures, respectively. The results of our linear regression demonstrated that adaptive and maladaptive coping is predictive of adaptive defense functioning emphasizing the relationship between unconscious defenses and conscious coping strategies. Correlations between specific coping strategies and level of defensive functioning are also noted. 

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Bacteriophages are naturally found pathogens. They are viruses that infect certain bacteria cells. They give an alternative option to many antibiotic-resistant bacteria as treatment. Over recent years, the idea of the use of phage therapy has begun to resurge large amounts of research is being done to properly isolated, purify, and classify phages. In this bioinformatics course, we were introduced to the world of annotating genes in an isolated phage. This phage was sent to the university of Pittsburgh for sequences and was sent back to us for annotation. We used DNA Master program to help us in this task: looking at start codons and stop codon, reading frames, and blast data. We would look at genes and record different information about the gene, we can also change the start codon of a gene or remove a gene if needed. In this paper we will be looking at a phage named MrPhizzler and focusing on a certain gene, Gene_84 in MrPhizzler. When looking at the BLAST data on DNA Master, this gene had a specific function, HNH endonuclease. We are going to take discuss what this HNH endonuclease function is and how it was found during annotation. 

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https://www.canva.com/join/rpw-nyb-cjl --- Link to my project

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This study investigated how much aerosol contamination on goggles with the presence and absence of a face shield during cavitron use after the clinical session. Data were collected from dental hygiene students enrolled at the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry. Using the data collected were 41 samples in Figure 1 which concluded 20 samples were without face shields and 21 with face shields. The samples were graphed using a Mann-Whitney test to compare the Colony Forming Units (CFU)/Swabs from glasses in the presence and absence of a face shield at the University of Detroit Mercy Dental in the red and blue clinic. Results showed that the study proved there to be no significant difference in aerosol contamination on the goggles in both the presence and absence of a face shield. Furthermore, key aspects found the sample size collected was small considering samples collected from various clinicians thus concluding a limiting control that could also conclude the HVE was effective in reducing aerosol contamination. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

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At University of Detroit Mercy, service and community engagement are foundational Mercy and Jesuit commitments for accomplishing the mission to integrate intellectual, spiritual, ethical and social development of students. The present collaborative project was initiated by Gleaners Community Foodbank. The core mission of Gleaners Community Foodbank is to prevent food insecurity and provide residents in Southeastern Michigan with access to nutritious foods. The Shared Harvest Pilot Pantry was created to give food pantry users a grocery store experience while meeting their household nutritional needs. This contemporary food pantry breaks down barriers by giving users choice in meeting nutritional needs based on the size of their household. Over the course of one year, a survey was given to clients who visited the pantry, and they were asked a series of questions that aimed to determine the demographics, and their views of the Shared Harvest Pantry. Students at University of Detroit Mercy analyzed the data. The results revealed that the pantry’s modern style is liked by the community. The pantry is well utilized, and satisfaction ratings are high. Studies such as the present one provide information that assists Gleaners Community Foodbank to accomplish its mission.

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In the current film landscape, it is rare that the historical and horror genres intersect in any meaningful way beyond the construction of a unique aesthetic or the clever exploitation of nostalgic audiences. Prano Bailey Bond’s 2021 directorial debut Censor, however, actively uses its historical setting to not only enrich the disturbing arc of its protagonist but to also retroactively dissect how real human paranoia influenced that historical period. Set in 1980s England, Censor follows protagonist Enid Banes, who censors low-budget (and often gratuitously gory) VHS horror movies referred to as “video nasties.” Video nasty censorship was a real and buzzing phenomenon during this time because of contemporary prime minister Margaret Thatcher’s conservative desires to restore “law and order” to England in a time of great social upheaval and rebellion against tradition. By analyzing the plot, writing, and physical frame composition of this film, this project explores how Bailey-Bond borrows Thatcher’s Iron Lady archetype to enhance Enid’s narrative arc, as she employs censorship as a way of manipulating control over her life and redeeming her morally questionable past. Further, this project acknowledges how Enid’s tragic manic spiral to gain control can offer a better understanding of what triggered the real video nasty ban in the first place. Both this project and the film Censor demonstrate the ever-increasing threat that panic, paranoia, and the desire to control the uncontrollable pose in disrupting social order and leading to devastating disasters. 

*Censor is the name of Bailey-Bond's 2021 film and can not be properly italicized in this text box.

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Childhood abuse and maltreatment have been shown to adversely impact adult (conscious) coping and overall functioning (Scheffler et al., 2019). There is little investigation into the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and the adaptiveness of adulthood defensive functioning. This study explores the relationship between two types of childhood adversities – household dysfunction and maltreatment – and observer-rated defense mechanisms assessed from life story interviews (McAdams, 2007). 

Adults who had exposure to maltreatment in their childhood tended to exhibit greater use of immature defense mechanisms when describing important aspects of their life story. These findings imply adverse childhood experiences of maltreatment leave individuals with maladaptive means of unconsciously processing or defending against conflicts and anxiety. Maltreatment in childhood was associated with the use of devaluation, rationalization, autistic fantasy, and splitting defenses. The results of this study underscore the importance of analyzing defense mechanisms to better understand how adult survivors of childhood maltreatment and household dysfunction manage their trauma.

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PTSD can negatively affect a range of psychological functions, including the capacity to cope with stress (Van der Kolk, 2003).  Defense mechanisms are considered unconscious coping mechanisms that aid in the management of internal and external stressors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Some defenses (e.g., sublimation or humor) are  adaptive and healthy, and are considered an aspect of resilience (Vaillant, 2011). Other defenses (e.g., denial or splitting) are considered pathological and can interfere with work or interpersonal functioning. This study will explore the affects of PTSD on defensive functioning in a sample of at-risk urban female primary care patients. We hypothesize that women who meet the criteria for PTSD according to the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-4 (PCL-4) will: 1) evidence a lower relative use of adaptive/healthy defenses and 2) evidence a higher relative use of more pathological defenses as reliably assessed from a psychodynamically-informed interview. 

Non-PTSD women had a higher relative use of adaptive defenses (resilience). Non-PTSD women also had a higher relative use of obsessional defenses (isolation of affect, intellectualization, and undoing). These defenses remove affect from verbal content. Women with PTSD displayed a higher relative use of Major Image Distorting defenses (splitting and projective identification). Fostering the development of healthy defenses and lessening the use of pathological defenses can serve as targets for non-exposure-based therapies (e.g., Interpersonal Psychotherapy - IPT). Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether a lower relative use of healthy defenses and a higher relative use of pathological defenses are a risk factor in developing PTSD or trauma symptoms.

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Predicting accident severity using data analysis and machine learning is vital for enhancing road safety, as this data can help policy makers and law enforcement gain insights on factors leading to accidents and unsafe driving. Current research in this space indicates that some limitations are present, one being that data is either not big enough to provide sufficient insights or too old to be of any use. Related works have started utilizing machine learning algorithms to build accident severity prediction models. However, despite these models being available, from our insights we notice that accidents in the United States have been on a rise since 2016, while average accident severity has been on a decline. For our project, we propose building an accident severity model using Random Forest and Decision Tree algorithms. We will also perform an exploratory analysis of the data to gain unique insights that may be able to help reduce this rise in accidents. Our findings reveal which States, Cities and time zone in the United States have the highest occurrences of accidents. We also identify how weather conditions, road features, time and seasonality contribute to this rise in accidents. Our model shows the random forest algorithm outperforming the decision tree algorithm and with the insights provided, we hope this information will be of use to policy makers as they try to implement policies to make roads safer for everyone. ​

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As AI technologies like ChatGPT continue to evolve rapidly, it’s imperative that we grasp their impact on student learning within educational environments. The integration of such AI tools promises to revolutionize traditional teaching methods by providing personalized, interactive learning experiences. With these rapid advancements of AI tools like ChatGPT in the field of education, there comes the need for through understanding and assessment of how ChatGPT influences various aspects of student education, from enhancing student engagement and facilitating individualized learning paths to potentially challenging aspects like maintaining academic integrity and the ethical concerns AI. Delving into these dynamics is crucial for educators and policymakers to harness AI’s full potential while mitigating any adverse effects, ensuring that its incorporation into educational settings is both beneficial and conducive to fostering a rich, effective learning environment for students. To accomplish this, this study will utilize the rapid review approach to answer the following questions research questions, first, how does incorporating ChatGPT affect the learning of students. Second how can ChatGPT facilitate the creation of personalized learning journey for students and lastly how does the utilization of ChatGPT by students affect their perceptions towards academic integrity and honesty. Using Google Scholar search engine and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used to acquire and screen relevant scholarly works used to provide insights on our research questions. Finds of this study revealed that ….. and the findings of this study aim to help educators to maximize the benefits of ChatGPT while minimizing their negative impact.

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Air pollution can be harmful to a person’s health, causing respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Increased outdoor air levels of fine particulate matter correspond to increased hospitalizations for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, and other serious health problems. It is important to check the air quality in your local area and be aware.

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This research explores strategies to transform conventional car-centric, low-density suburbs in Metro Detroit, MI, into more vibrant, sustainable, and socially connected places by adapting models from European suburbs. The study addresses the cultural, health, and environmental flaws of post-war suburban development patterns in the U.S. that prioritized automobile dependency and use-segregated zoning. Precedents from Vauban, Germany, and other European suburbs demonstrate alternative models centered on walkability, mixed-use density, transit connectivity, and community-oriented design.

To address these challenges, this thesis investigates the historical, cultural, and social factors shaping suburban housing preferences and community life in Metro Detroit, aiming to identify current issues and propose revitalization strategies inspired by European precedents. The work seeks to envision a paradigm shift in suburban planning and design that transforms neighborhoods into sustainable, socially connected, and vibrant places, fostering a profound sense of community and belonging.

A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining historical analysis of Detroit's suburban evolution, comparative case studies of U.S. and European suburbs, GIS mapping of current suburban morphologies, photo-elicitation surveys on perceptions, and design experiments reimagining local suburbs using adapted European strategies. The findings reveal the dominance of disconnected, car-centric layouts in Detroit's suburbs, limiting walkability and community compared to the nodal connectivity and land-use diversity of European models. Integrating mixed-use nodes, "complete streets," and placemaking adapted to local culture could transform the social vibrancy of Detroit's neighborhoods.

By bridging international best practices with Detroit's unique dynamics, this research contributes to the discourse on livable suburban development, demonstrating a methodology for transforming sprawling neighborhoods into vibrant communities through urban design, planning, and engagement strategies. Ultimately, the investigation provides a valuable model for architects and planners to sensitively reshape suburbs by examining interactions between history, lived experiences, and physical form.

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This research investigates cannabis use among Physician Assistant (PA) students in Michigan, employing a longitudinal design and standardized surveys to assess prevalence, risk factors, perceptions, and effects on academic performance. Research attention has turned to cannabis use among healthcare professionals, including PA students. Recent studies reveal varying rates of use, prompting research extension to PA students nationally. Stress, workload, and social dynamics are key considerations, with stress levels acknowledged as a potential contributor to substance use among healthcare students. This study aims to understand PA students' attitudes towards cannabis, considering cultural norms, perceived benefits, and risks. Additionally, it explores potential effects on academic performance, drawing insights from related fields to understand its impact on the academic journey of PA students. 

The initial assessment will collect demographic information, prevalence data on cannabis use, identify risk factors such as stress levels, and explore students' perceptions and attitudes towards cannabis. The study will adopt modified standardized surveys, including the Core Alcohol and Drug Use Survey and the Perceived Stress Scale, to ensure reliable data collection.The follow-up assessments will track changes over time and include qualitative interviews to gain insights into students' experiences, motivations, and coping mechanisms. Ethical considerations, participant retention strategies, and data analysis using mixed-effects models for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data are integral components of the study.

In conclusion, this study will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of cannabis consumption patterns among PA students in Michigan. By employing a robust methodology, the research aims to provide nuanced insights that can inform targeted interventions, policies, and support strategies tailored to the unique needs of this population within the evolving landscape of cannabis legalization.

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Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic tools. In this study, we explore the efficacy of machine learning algorithms in classifying heart disease from tabular data typically contained in patient electronic health records (EHR). Leveraging a dataset of 740 points comprising various clinical attributes, including demographic information, medical history, and diagnostic tests, we conducted a comprehensive analysis employing logistic regression, a one-layer neural network, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes, and random forest classifiers.

Multiple iterations of each model were performed, encompassing different random seeds and hyperparameter configurations. Our results demonstrate superior performance compared to established benchmarks using the same dataset, showcasing the potential of machine learning techniques in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for heart disease. Notably, across several of the tested models, we achieved slightly higher accuracies than the baseline, indicating the robustness and generalizability of our approach.

Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of model selection and hyperparameter tuning in optimizing classification accuracy. The comparative analysis reveals nuanced differences in performance among the employed algorithms, shedding light on their respective strengths and limitations in this domain. The best performers were the one-layer neural network and SVM classifier, reaching 82.1% and 83.3% test accuracies, respectively.

Overall, our study contributes to the growing body of literature on leveraging machine learning for healthcare applications, offering insights into effective strategies for heart disease classification from tabular data. These findings reinforce the potential of machine learning models in addressing critical diagnostic tasks, while concurrently achieving superior performance.

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The project focuses on developing a machine learning model for identifying patterns in stock market data to trigger automated trading notifications. Utilizing historical minute-wise data from ten selected companies over the past five years, the aim is to leverage time-series analysis and machine learning techniques such as Decision Trees, Random Forests, and LSTM networks for predictive modeling. This model is intended to highlight potential market opportunities or risks. The approach involves extensive data preparation, feature engineering using technical indicators, model training, and evaluation based on metrics like Recall, Precision, and Mean Absolute Error. Ultimately, the project will implement a real-time pattern recognition and notification system. This interdisciplinary project combines data collection, machine learning, and software engineering tasks, distributed among team members, and is scheduled over an eleven-week timeline culminating in a final presentation to stakeholders.

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Mutant M.3.2 was identified in a conditional Flp/FRT screen on chromosome 2R in the adult eye screening for mutations that disrupted cell growth, cell cycle, and organ development. This mutation was characterized and mapped as part of the Fly-CURE consortium by undergraduate researchers at the University of Detroit Mercy, Ohio Northern University, and Morehouse College. The mosaic phenotype of M.3.2 results in a deformed mosaic eye that has an expansion of cuticle, a smaller adult eye, and other developmental disruptions. To identify the mutation causing these severe phenotypes, we utilized deficiency mapping to locate the region on 2R. Initial mapping found a region on chromosome 2R that failed to complement. Further mapping identified M.3.2 failed to complement two independent alleles of tout-velu, suggesting that M.3.2 is a novel allele of tout-veluM.3.2.

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The poster we are proposing will illustrate the characterization of women as "drama queens,” a cliché that portrays women as excessively emotional and irrational. This stereotype proves to be a double-edged sword as even though women are expected to be emotional, they are frequently criticized or have their credibility undermined for being so, or their emotions are dismissed as inauthentic or unimportant.

Being so deeply ingrained in our culture, the drama queen stereotype affects many aspects of women's lives, including their relationships and careers. This may lead women to feel they need to suppress their emotions to succeed, leading to self-doubt and inadequacy. Men are negatively impacted by this characterization as well, in that they are often expected (or even directed) to suppress their emotions which has lasting personal and interpersonal consequences and may contribute to the stereotype of men as being violent/physical.

The negative perception of women as dramatic intersects with other forms of discrimination (ableism, classism, sizeism, racism, etc) which compounds the oppression of marginalized women. This stereotype is often attributed even more heavily to certain groups of women, such as LGBTQ+ women or BIPOC women. Recognizing and addressing these stereotypes can help us to break the cycle of invalidation, silencing, and erasure of women's voices, and to create a more inclusive society.

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Victoria Prus

Studio Advisor:  Virginia Stanard

Thesis Title: Creating a new healing environment

Thesis Subtitle:  A new healing phase to aid those in behavioral facilities

This thesis investigation focuses on understanding new ways to benefit patient experience and recovery within behavioral facilities. The current issue within behavioral facilities is that they are not fulfilling their duties in the sense that patients are not feeling well mentally, physically and behaviorally. A large portion of the American and Canadian population struggle with mental health issues and struggle to find help within these facilities, as their experiences are often associated within negative emotions. This thesis focuses on addressing the current issue of patient experiences in behavioral facilities that has been a continuous concern but remains unaddressed. This study's purpose is to find ways to improve patient experience and recovery time in behavioral facilities and to reduce re-hospitalization rates within these facilities. By using literature reviews, patient interviews and analyzing current behavioral facilities, new design implementations have been discovered to benefit patients' mental, physical and behavioral health. Along with patient interviews, helpful feedback was given to address the current issues and find solutions found through literature. It was found that there has been a push to implement new design features within behavioral facilities, but there is a lack of that push in Canada and the United States. Behavioral facilities have grown but still seem to be missing a part that fully helps their patients recover and benefits their overall health. A healing model has been developed to enhance patient experience in behavioral facilities and provides a framework for designing this type of facility.  

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This thesis investigation focuses on understanding new ways to benefit patient experience and recovery within behavioral facilities. The current issue within behavioral facilities is that they are not fulfilling their duties in the sense that patients are not feeling well mentally, physically and behaviorally. A large portion of the American and Canadian population struggle with mental health issues and struggle to find help within these facilities, as their experiences are often associated within negative emotions. This thesis focuses on addressing the current issue of patient experiences in behavioral facilities that has been a continuous concern but remains unaddressed. This study's purpose is to find ways to improve patient experience and recovery time in behavioral facilities and to reduce re-hospitalization rates within these facilities. By using literature reviews, patient interviews and analyzing current behavioral facilities, new design implementations have been discovered to benefit patients' mental, physical and behavioral health. Along with patient interviews, helpful feedback was given to address the current issues and find solutions found through literature. It was found that there has been a push to implement new design features within behavioral facilities, but there is a lack of that push in Canada and the United States. Behavioral facilities have grown but still seem to be missing a part that fully helps their patients recover and benefits their overall health. A healing model has been developed to enhance patient experience in behavioral facilities and provides a framework for designing this type of facility.  

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A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of resorbable amniotic membranes as opposed to traditional collagen membranes in the treatment of peri-implantitis, an inflammatory process characterized by progressive bone loss surrounding Osseo integrated implants. Through advancement in dental materials, resorbable amniotic membranes have been manufactured and contain biological factors that are proposed to promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation, and reaccelerate flap attachment. The current study randomly assigned 15 patients to receive either a conventional collagen membrane or a resorbable membrane derived from a human amniotic source both in combination with a bone allograft. Clinical and microbiological parameters were recorded at the initial, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 1 year appointment. It has been shown that patients with peri-implantitis that received conventional collagen membranes along with a bone allograft showed a stronger reduction in probing depths at the deepest initial probing sites (3.9mm +/-1.2mm) compared to amniotic membranes (2.1mm +/-1.4mm, p=0.02 by the Students’ T-test). qPCR-based microbial analysis of six periodontal pathogens indicated reductions in Red complex organisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) and Filifactor alocis, in several patients treated with either collagen or amniotic membranes when compared over 12 months after treatment. We are currently awaiting results of cytokine analysis as an additional marker of healing and reduction of inflammation following treatment. Our results indicate collagen membranes facilitate better healing post peri-implantitis surgery than amniotic membranes.​

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Detroit’s image is atrophied due to its flooding and remains at greater risk than any city around the Great Lakes Basin. The literature has determined the city’s future of flood resilience to be equivalent to future ecology, meaning the alliance and implementation of nature that will be embedded into future development. Ecological resiliency reflects characteristics similar to assessed resilience interpretations from thinkers and theorists (C.S. Holling, Barbara B. Wilson, Brian Walker, David Salt, Victor Delaqua, K.H. Liao, etc.), entailing non-traditional methods and decentralized collective responses to adapt and absorb yearly shock.

Nature is the paragon of these qualities and the long-term environmental panacea; it is the solution in which cities must work symbiotically with nature’s forces rather than deterring or controlling its outcomes. How can Detroit be envisioned as a city that utilizes and collaborates with nature, and what aspects of nature can be mimicked into its future infrastructure? This study explores factors in Detroit contributing to flooding and proposes a vision of how the city may evolve if nature-based solutions are employed within the next century.

Mapping its flood trajectory, Detroit is revealed to be submerged by the next century, urging a re-envisioned and interconnected landscape to achieve flood resilience. Upon documenting city-induced challenges to inundation, experimental design interventions are conducted to test alternative processes in implementing water and nature within daily programs—infrastructural flaws within the status quo call for drastic and visionary city planning. The success of future ecological design is predetermined through holistic and systematic approaches requiring more than traditional urban planning or landscape processes; Detroit’s flood resiliency requires interconnectedness.

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The cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa produces the toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and is found in toxic algal blooms in various freshwater environments. MC-LR causes liver and tissue damage in aquatic organisms. Atrazine (ATR) is a commonly applied herbicide in the US and is toxic following acute exposures. These toxins can often be found together in aquatic environments and thus may act synergistically. Very little information is available regarding their cumulative effects on tissues such as the liver. To examine cumulative effects, we exposed crayfish (Faxonius virilis) to 10 ppb atrazine, 10 ppb MC-LR, a combination of 10 ppb atrazine and 10 ppb MC-LR, and a control (DMSO diluent only) for 96 hours. Following exposure, we removed the hepatopancreas (liver), examined and compared the lobular morphology of each group of crayfish. We hypothesize that morphological defects such as vacuolization, lumen dilation, and epithelial degeneration will be amplified in the crayfish exposed to both atrazine and MC-LR. Our research demonstrates that both ATR and MC-LR exposure causes hepatopancreas damage. Overall, impairment of hepatopancreas tissues could lead to changes in biotransformation, detoxification, digestion and molting, subsequently reducing crayfish populations and negatively impacting the aquatic ecosystem.

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Social interactions are desirable and crucial for fostering empathy and understanding. However, contemporary trends suggest a decline in spontaneous interactions, replaced by a culture of screen-mediated isolation. Proxemics, the study of space and behavior, is the main driving force behind this thesis design, distinguishing four distinct spatial-behavioral zones - intimate, personal, social, and public, that define the varying degrees of physical distance and facilitate or constrain interpersonal engagement. The motive of this thesis is to curate a design that enables interactions, using the University of Detroit Mercy as the site study, and ask: Can design interventions alter users’ personal space to generate interactions between strangers? What design strategies can generate a shared experience between strangers to enable them to interact? How can the design influence the frequency of new random interactions? Methods used include firsthand observations, literature reviews, precedent studies, and installations. These method studies led to the findings of variables that contribute to facilitating or constraining interpersonal engagement. Each plays a crucial role in the realm of interactions. Why should people interact? To understand someone else’s point of view. This can all be done through designed conversations. What does that design look like? The thesis tackles the question and proposes a design strategy that enables conversations through thought-out proposal strategies implemented in the University of Detroit Mercy campus. This is a valuable finding as interventions can influence personal behavior and foster a more understanding world through conversations.

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Rapid shifts in visual gaze, known as saccades, enable humans to change eye fixation points without any motion blur. Since saccadic study has been largely relegated to horizontal saccadic responses, the cortical activity governing vertically directed saccadic responses are much less researched. The goal of the present research study is to describe brain activity connected to vertical saccades, and to determine differences in the brain activity patterns for focal and peripheral saccade cues. To do this, participants are fitted with electrooculography electrodes to detect  saccades, and an electro-encephalography cap to monitor the preceding brain activity.  The participant’s task is to make a saccade up, or down, when cued either by an arrow located at the point of eye fixation (i.e., endogenous saccade cue), or the onset of a light in peripheral vision (i.e., exogenous saccade cue). The experiment is part of a series designed to describe vertical saccade control in healthy adults.  Findings are important for applications to diagnosis of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, that are characterized by  altered saccadic control. Data collection and event-related potential analysis of presaccadic brain activity are in progress.

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This paper contends that food insecurity is a national issue, making it a matter of public policy, thus, the federal government should take extensive measures to find a solid solution. This analysis discusses the disparities between developed and non-developed countries, using examples of the United States of America and Yemen, in contention to food insecurity. Using the contemporary era, and the surplus of individuals and countries that are food insecure, this paper analyzes whether this issue has persisted throughout history. Through contrasts between the United States of America and Yemen, the disparities between industrialized and developing nations have been shown, using numerous statistics. Additionally, these contrasts show that although developing nations are much more prone to the effects of food insecurity, industrialized nations are not nearly immune. This paper finds food insecurity to be both a national security issue and a public policy issue, stating that ensuring adequate food availability and addressing food security is strategically important for a country's general well-being. This analysis found that policy gaps, along with poverty and income disparity, are the main causes of food security. Through research, this paper concludes that with the expansion and continuation of government assistance programs, along with providing free meals within schools, the issue of food security can be tackled. Thus, on both national and international levels, food insecurity is a rising and pressing issue. If no attempts towards an overall solution are made, food insecurity will become a much deadlier epidemic than the world has ever seen.

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·Purpose: to assess the overall experience of a child’s first dental visit. This study looked at multiple factors such as, age, reason of first visit, type of treatment rendered, and likelihood that the parent/guardian will bring their child back to the dentist for future appointments.

·Goal: to use the results of these surveys to educate parents/guardians about the importance of bringing their children to the dentist and gaining a deeper understanding as to why and when children typically have their first dental visit

·Methods: This study included 60 parents who were bringing their children to Detroit Mercy Dental’s Pediatric Clinic. The parents filled out the survey regarding their child’s first dental visit.

·Results: The results showed that 37.9% reported to the dentist for the first time between the ages of 2-4 years old. Only 10.3% brought their children to their first dental visit by the time they were one year old which is in accordance with the AAPD recommendation. Our results show that the main reason for first dental visits were for routine dental check-ups which comprised 72.9% of children in this study. More than half of the children in this study received a routine exam at their first dental visit.

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This study dives into the complexities of urban development frameworks, particularly in the context of limited funding, with a focused lens on Detroit's North End. It seeks to offer innovative solutions by proposing alternative frameworks that not only rejuvenate local infrastructure but also integrate sustainability and resilience through small-scale interventions with the North End neighborhood in Detroit. Emphasizing the crucial aspect of resilience-building within neighborhoods, the research draws upon post-positivist perspectives, as well as literature on sustainable urban development and neighborhood planning, including works such as Designing Urban Transformations by Aseem Inam and Neighborhoods by Emily Talen. Grounded in understanding social construction and contextual factors around neighborhoods, the study investigates how Detroit can effectively support neighborhoods amidst social and economic changes, aiming to uncover strategies for long-term neighborhood resilience. Employing a comprehensive methodology involving historical analysis, mapping exercises, interviews, community planning game exercises, and scenario planning prototype models, the research yields novel insights into neighborhood adaptability, social inclusion, and long-term resilience, informing effective urban strategies for sustainable community development. Ultimately, this study not only offers practical insights into small-scale interventions to address immediate needs and foster resilience in Detroit's North End but also contributes to the broader discourse on inclusive and community-driven urban planning. Its findings hold relevance for cities grappling with similar challenges, advocating for context-sensitive and participatory approaches in nurturing resilient communities.

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Since 2019, the world has known of the existence of the virus COVID-19. Each country had its own approaches to maintaining the new virus that was wiping out large amounts of countries' populations. Skeptics arose about the virus, worrying that the disease was not as deadly as the believers were saying, causing debates to stir throughout the United States. This research paper discusses the problems many nations had faced with the challenging virus COVID-19 that the world met in 2019. The paper also divulges into an example of the United States, a country that was both united and divided by the virus due to sharing a social platform with others to spread the feelings individuals were feeling at this lonely time. This division was seen when skeptics and believers in COVID-19 argued over wearing masks and the social distancing mandates that the United States government tried to impose at the beginning of 2020. The paper also discusses how the United States had to face the struggle with public policy in regard to healthcare, education, and employment, in fear that the nation would collapse under the pressure of those around it. Other countries are used as examples within this paper, Germany and South Korea, to show how different nations reacted to this deadly virus and what measures other countries used to limit its impact compared to the United States.

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Abstract:

The convoluted nature of college course registration often proves to be a source of frustration for students. To alleviate this challenge, this project introduces a Conversational AI Chatbot tailored to simplify and elevate the registration experience. By harnessing cutting-edge technologies such as sentence_transformers and chainlit, the chatbot offers a seamless avenue for students to effortlessly select and enroll in their preferred classes.

Incorporating sophisticated natural language processing (NLP) techniques, including intent recognition algorithms and named entity recognition (NER), the chatbot is endowed with enhanced functionality and precision, ensuring accurate interpretation and response to user queries.

The chatbot's training data, meticulously sourced from the College of Engineering and Science, undergoes meticulous preprocessing using the pypdf library. The development journey, meticulously orchestrated with tools like chainlit, encompasses a series of critical stages ranging from requirement analysis, data collection, and preprocessing, to bot development, rigorous testing, iterative refinement, and seamless integration.

With a steadfast commitment to optimizing efficiency and enhancing user satisfaction in the class registration process, this project leverages advanced AI technologies and Python libraries, thereby providing engineering and computer science students with an intuitive and responsive registration experience.

Enhancements:

The introduction now emphasizes the pain points of the current registration process, providing a more precise context for introducing the AI Chatbot.

The rationale behind the selection of specific technologies and NLP techniques has been elaborated upon, elucidating their contributions to the chatbot's effectiveness.

Additional details regarding the training data and preprocessing steps have been included, offering readers a clearer understanding of the data utilized and the processing methodologies employed.

The abstract now articulates the project's main objectives and anticipated outcomes, providing readers with a comprehensive overview of its goals.

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Anthropogenic activities release pollutants into the air, which can negatively affect human health and the environment. One such pollutant is nitrogen dioxide (NO\textsubscript{2}), which can contribute to smog formation, decreased crop growth and yield, and respiratory damage. This study aimed to find a relationship between land use/land cover (LULC) classifications and NO\textsubscript{2} levels in the air. We used Google Earth Engine (GEE) to collect LULC and air quality data using the Google Dynamic World and the Sentinel-5P NRTI NO\textsubscript{2}: Near Real-Time Nitrogen Dioxide datasets. We focused on Pasadena, California, as it provided a good demonstration of an urban area surrounded by greenery, allowing for an adequate analysis of both forms of landscape and their impact on air quality. Random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) classifiers were used on the provided datasets, with the estimated probability of complete coverage for each LULC type being the input features and the NO\textsubscript{2} column number density being the output label, measured in mol/m\textsuperscript{2}. Our output labels were then discretized, classifying the categories into high and low NO\textsubscript{2}. The machine learning classifier found a correlative relationship between LULC and NO\textsubscript{2} levels, as signified by our modeled accuracy outputting a value of 85\%, with an average f1 score of 86\%. We performed 10-fold cross-validation to enhance the reliability of model evaluation. The results from this study suggest that machine learning models can be used to predict the changes in air quality based on changes in LULC from anthropogenic activities. With future studies solidifying the universality of this relationship, it is likely to find that inner-city green spaces are beneficial for mental and physical well-being.

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Physician Assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, is one of the most controversial and tough-to-tackle issues in today’s society. When the topic arises, one common phrase that is disputed over is the so-called “right to die”, but does this right even exist? When looking at the role and purpose of the medical sphere, the conclusion that one must come to is no, absolutely not. The “right to die” has no proper basis within the medical profession, law, ethics, or morals. This paper explores the opposition’s argument for euthanasia and provides some legal, ethical, and moral arguments showing why such a thing does not hold up under such pretenses, especially within the medical field.This paper analyzes the arguments for assisted dying and offers a rebuttal to those arguments to show the worth and sanctity of life that is upheld within the law, ethics, and morality. This paper uses philisophical arguments dating back to the time of Aristotle and modern case law as well as medical ethics to take the postition that the most optimal care and the worth of life must be upheld and fought for and that the greatest solution to such a problem is optimized palliative care. 

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A new image preprocessing technique for lane lines is proposed that attempts to improve lane line recognitionwhen a vehicle is driving autonomously by using morphological operations and bilateral filtering. The technique is formulated by using a bilateral filter in the log domain and then running that image through the morphological opening operation. This allows for smoothing of the texture in the road while preserving the lane line edges and an illumination correction. A greyscale intensity adjustment is then preformed to brighten the lane lines. Finally, an adapted threshold is used on the image in order to binarize it. This process happens for each image being detected by the camera. An advantage of the preprocessing of the image is it allows for less noise that the neural network may detect as lane lines. The preprocessing method is implemented in MATLAB with the output being a binary lane line image. Experimental results are presented.

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In the autonomous vehicle discussed in this paper, we've implemented a finite state machine (FSM) architecture to manage its operation, toggling between three distinct states: autonomous, remote-control, and manual mode. Each of these states encapsulates its own FSM, providing a structured approach to handling the vehicle's behavior under different operational contexts. In the remote-control mode, the vehicle can be maneuvered via a remote controller, allowing control from a distance of up to 100 meters view of sight. This mode facilitates basic driving functionalities such as forward movement, turning, reversing, and halting, all controllable via the remote. Within the autonomous mode, a suite of functionalities including traffic sign and lane line detection, localization, and path planning are seamlessly integrated within the FSM. These components operate cohesively, coordinated by the nested FSM structure. In essence, the utilization of nested finite state machines within the autonomous vehicle architecture exemplifies a robust and structured approach to managing its diverse operational modes and functionalities. This hierarchical FSM framework not only facilitates seamless transitions between operational states but also ensures the integration and coordination of complex decision-making processes essential for autonomous vehicle operation.

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The telecommunications industry, characterized by its dynamic landscape and fierce competition, faces a pressing challenge in customer retention due to evolving market dynamics and economic influences. This research paper focuses on churn prediction within the telecom sector, aiming to enhance understanding and mitigation strategies for customer churn, where customers terminate their services with the provider.

The study explores predictive models to identify potential churners by examining service quality, pricing structures, and usage factors. Initially, we analyzed 21 predictor variables, which were expanded to 30 through dummy variables and preprocessing. Using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Variable Inflation Factor (VIF) techniques, we refined the feature set to 15 without sacrificing accuracy. By selecting an optimal cutoff point through ROC curve analysis, our Logistic Regression model achieved an accuracy of approximately 78%, and Decision Tree and Random Forest models achieved around 79% and 78% accuracy, respectively.

Key findings highlight the importance of customer tenure, Internet service usage, and contract type in predicting churn. This research provides valuable insights and practical implications for telecom companies striving to implement proactive customer retention strategies in an ever-evolving competitive landscape.

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Phage therapy has been considered to treat infections of antibioic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This work investigated the isolation of nucleic acid from phage-infected P. aeruginosa in order to discover more about the nature of a phage. The phage produced small plaques and high titers (about 1011 PFU/ml). Nucleic acid was isolated from cells infected with phage and cells alone by a technique utilizing Triton X-100 detergent, lysozyme and  boiling. Strands of double stranded nucleic acid were separated and single strands were unfolded by boiling. Electrophoresis was performed with a neutral pH buffer system and an alkaline pH buffer system. Double stranded nucleic acid was denatured to single strands and single strands unfolded by an alkaline pH system. After suspension of samples in lysing buffer containing detergent and incubation with lysozyme, spot test inoculation on plain agar showed some growth of colonies. When spot inoculation of cells infected with phage was performed on agar swabbed with P. aeruginosa inhibition zones developed. After the mixtures were boiled and spot tested there was no growth of colonies or production of inhibition zones. With a neutral pH electrophoresis system a mid-gel chromosome band was evident. In alkaline gels a slow migrating band was observed from samples consisting of cells infected with phage. Preparations from cells alone did not produce a band. Phage are known to contain nucleic acid that can be double stranded or single stranded.

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Ferrocenes have been introduced into organic and bioinorganic drugs to cure cancers and various other diseases. The chemical stability, low cellular toxicity, and adaptable electrochemical redox system of the ferrocene/ferricenium derivatives appears essential toward biological activity. Investigation of trends in the ionization energy of Ferrocene derivatives as relates to extension and disruption of the electronic structure of these compounds might provide some insight into the redox system of these molecules which may possibly be useful in drug design[1].

This work presents quantum mechanical density functional calculations of the vertical and adiabatic ionizations energies of ferrocene and several substituted ferrocene compounds characterized by conjugated functional groups isolated through an alkyl spacer of varying lengths.  The calculations implement a relativistic effective core potential for iron atoms and a triple-zeta basis sets for all atoms. For each compound vertical and adiabatic ionization energies are determined with a hybrid density functional method as well as with a non-hybrid method. Trends in the calculated ionization energies will be identified and discussed.

References

1.Ornelas, C., Astruc, D.; Ferrocene-Based Drugs, Delivery Nanomaterials and Fenton Mechanism: State of the Art, Recent Developments and Prospects, Pharmaceutics, 15(8), 2044; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082044

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Problem Statement: For elderly and/or disabled, chronically ill residents in the Fitzgerald community, does the participation in a freshly prepared meal and/or produce incentive program with an in-home nutrition and physical activity education module increase the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, improve cardiometabolic health, and promote changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors.

Purpose: To understand the impact of a fresh food and produce incentive program on the overall consumption of fruits and vegetables, cardiometabolic health, and dietary and physical activity behaviors among elderly and/or disabled, chronically ill residents living in the Detroit Fitzgerald community. The project also has a secondary aim to identify strengths and weaknesses in program efficiency, strengthen community partnerships, and offer recommendations for future program sustainability.

Methods: Mixed-methods research design comparing qualitative and quantitative pre- and-post program survey data. Participants were recruited by Fitzgerald Block Club leaders or voluntary sign-up after attending an information session at the Theresa Maxis facility.

Inclusion Criteria: Resident of the Fitzgerald community in Northwest Detroit, senior citizen or disabled status with at least one chronic metabolic condition (i.e. diabetes, prediabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, etc.).

Analysis: Descriptive analyses, non-parametric two-Tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test, and content analysis was used to analyze pre-and-post program data.

Implications for Practice: Food incentive programs have the potential to improve health outcomes by by encouraging dietary changes and lifestyle modifications, increasing physical activity, expanding community partnerships, and promoting food justice by increasing utilization of local farmers market.

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The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of flipped learning (FL) vs. traditional learning (TL) on students’ performance based on didactic exams and psychomotor skill assessments in a dental hygiene care course at the University of Detroit Mercy. This study will help determine which learning method is more effective and can be adopted in future courses. The research was conducted with the IRB approval number 23-24-32. A retrospective study was used to compare TL vs FL in deidentified students. A total of 50 students were taught using the TL compared to a total of 46 students who were taught using the FL. A comparison of graduating GPA, overall course grade, average of three exams, the average of two skills assessments, and every exam and skills assessment separately were conducted. The results showed that there was no significant difference between their graduating GPA, two skills assessments average, Exam 1, and skills assessment 1.  However, results were significantly higher with the TL based on their overall course grade, three exams average, Exam 2, Exam 3, and skills assessment 2. After finding significant results from didactic exam scores, and skills assessment 2, a comparison of the significant results for students who graduated with a GPA 2.6-3.0 showed that there was no significant difference. In conclusion, there wasn’t significant difference between both methods. This could be due to differences in the exam questions and course grade components (CGC). Further study is needed to compare FL vs TL in classes that have similar exam questions and CGC.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing need to examine alternative methods of instruction and assessment. In addition to the proliferation of distance education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, intervention and assessment in the school setting has been shifting toward technology-based approaches. Thus, conducting assessments virtually, using technology, is increasingly likely and necessary. Assessment in the schools serves an important purpose; these data are used to monitor student progress, responsiveness to instruction, and risk status. This poster presentation describes a research study on the comparability of Oral Reading Fluency scores across traditional and virtual assessment conditions. Results, considerations, and implications for practitioners will be presented.

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Throughout the history of the United States, women have faced a continuous struggle for equal opportunity. This is especially apparent in the professional legal world. It was not until 1870 that the first women graduated from law school in the United States. Almost 50 years later the first women took her spot in the United State congress in 1917. Then, over 60 years later, the first female was nominated and confirmed to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1981. Unfortunately, the history of the United States has proved to be written, and catered towards the white man who drafted our constitution. This has created a continuous exclusion of women from the judicial sphere, excluding their voices from legal procedure. Without proper legal representation, women of the United States cannot get their ideas and laws vouched, especially in federal courts. Being a part of the judiciary is one of the vital “seats of political power”.[1] It is one of the vital ways for laws to be enacted: laws that govern over all of us. Women, being over fifty percent of our population, deserve equal representation in judicial branches in order to properly pursue the democracy promised to us in our constitution.

My goals of conducting this very important research on the disparity of women in the judiciary hope to bring about solutions and diversity initiatives that could better suit the Supreme Court of the United States as well as our 13 court of appeals, most of which are currently lacking. I will also be conducting some of my research on an international scale, looking towards other countries who have reshaped their judicial landscapes to be more inclusive of women, specifically within terms of the judiciary.

[1] Paxton, Pamela Marie, Melanie M. Hughes, and Tiffany Barnes. Women, politics, and power: A global perspective. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2021.

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