Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
The speaker offered a report on the progress being made in Liberia over the previous four years. Trade, education and immigration had increased, and the future for the country looked bright and hopeful.
Description of file(s): PDF 1 page, 388 word document (text and image)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
Lengthy speech describing the current conditions in Africa, the new colony in Monrovia and in Liberia. The speaker emphasized the abundance of natural resources, the stability of the freedom based government, and the availability of education to everyone. (Speech 24099 is a duplicate of this speech. Speech 24140 offers another version of this speech.)
Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,852 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
The speaker encouraged immigration to Liberia for former slaves. He emphasized the future potential awaiting free African Americans in Africa that would not only benefit the country, but benefit the race.
Description of file(s): PDF 1 page, 276 word document (text and image)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
The speaker stressed the history, benefit, and continued need of missionary work in Africa. He emphasized the work of Jewish, Baptist, Episcopalian, Catholic, Evangelical, Presbyterian and Protestant missionaries.
Description of file(s): PDF 19 page, 5,354 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
Lengthy speech published in two issues of the African Repository newspaper (combined here into one speech). The speaker noted the similarities between the enslaved people in the U.S. and those enslaved in Israel and Egypt in ancient times. The speaker believed colonization of Africa offered the way to freedom. He emphasized the positive aspects of the new colonies in Monrovia and Liberia.
Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,353 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Lengthy sermon in which the speaker compares the plight of those held in bondage in the U.S. with the experiences of slaves in ancient Egypt. The speaker believed that it was God's Will that the people of Africa should be converted to Christianity.
Description of file(s): PDF 21 page, 6,407 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Lengthy speech describing the current situation in the new colony of Monrovia in Liberia, Africa. The speaker emphasized the positive aspects of an abundance of natural resources, a freedom based society and a just government available there. (speech 23971 is a duplicate of this speech)
Description of file(s): PDF 16 page, 4,524 word document (text and images)
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Title: Anglo-African Magazine - January, 1859
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Anglo-African Magazine (1859 - 1860)
The writer stresses the strength and determination of African Americans as they have endured injustices over the history of African slavery and prejudice. He mentions several anecdotal stories to prove his point, and assures his readers that African Americans will not only prevail but continue to outnumber the white population.
Description of file(s): three scanned magazine pages (7 columns)
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Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
Overview of a government report on the status of immigration to Trinidad, Guiana, and Mauritius and the condition of those who have immigrated there.
Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column
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Title: Colored American - April 11, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The editor shares a first hand account from a local traveler of conditions in Trinidad and the status of those who have immigrated there.
Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages
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Title: Colored American - April 12, 1838
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer disagrees with the popular view of those promoting Colonization that the African American spirit is "broken" and that there is no chance for them to succeed in the land of their birth. He says that this is just another ploy to get free African Americans to leave their home country.
Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer alerts his readers to a paper that is being circulated by an unknown author who says he is African American. The paper urges all African Americans to move to Oregon and petition Congress to set aside an area of this territory for an African American settlement. The writer tells his readers that this is evidently either a ploy to get African Americans to leave the city or a misguided person's ramblings.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer alerts his readers to what he perceives to be a hoax to trick African Americans to immigrate to Liberia. A letter published in another newspaper tells readers a new society of African Americans is forming to facilitate this action. The writer believes this is a ploy by the American Colonization Society to realize its goals.
Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column
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Title: Colored American - April 4, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer provides current information regarding the status of those who have immigrated to Trinidad, Guiana, and Demarara.
Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)
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Title: Colored American - July 11, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer replies to a letter from the immigration agent for Trinidad to a member of Britain's parliament blaming the actions of abolitionists for the current racial tension in the U.S. The agent reasoned that for free African Americans, immigration was the only rational choice. The writer disagreed with his conclusions.
Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages
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Title: Colored American - July 27, 1839
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer advises his readers not to discount immigration just because it sounds too much like Colonization. Colonization efforts involve a mass effort to move people from their home country. This is not the same as the action of one individual who wishes to move to another country to find a better life.
Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column
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Title: Colored American - March 14, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer continues his commentary on the pros and cons of immigrating to Trinidad and British Guiana.
Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)
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Title: Colored American - March 7, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer discusses the pros and cons of immigrating to British Guiana and Trinidad.
Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)
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Title: Colored American - May 2, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The editor explains the reasons for the negative stance that the Colored American is taking on immigration to Trinidad, Guiana, and the British West Indies.
Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages
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Title: Colored American - May 9, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer explains to his readers the misunderstanding of those who wish free African Americans to immigrate to other countries. Although they are of African heritage, they were born in this country, and this country is their home. They wish only to enjoy the rights and privileges afforded to all American citizens.
Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)
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Title: Colored American - November 13, 1841
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer comments on a pamphlet published by a woman who recently returned from Jamaica. The writer of the pamphlet, along with the American Consul and the editor of the Liberator newspaper all agree that immigrating to the West Indies is an unwise choice for African Americans.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - November 16, 1839
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer compares and contrasts voluntary immigration to the western states and various other countries with the restrictions and demands of Colonization. While voluntary immigration can be useful to a society, scheme's like Colonization work against it.
Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages
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Title: Colored American - November 18, 1837
Speaker or author: Ray, Charles B. (Charles Bennett), 1807-1886
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer notes that most African Americans are immigrating to Canada to find relief from prejudice and unemployment. He urges them instead to immigrate to Wisconsin, which is currently being settled. Land there is inexpensive, the territory is beautiful, and people live together harmoniously.
Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)
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Title: Colored American - November 7, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer tells his readers about the report filed by two African American men who were recruited to investigate conditions in Trinidad. The writer believes these men were given special treatment by the planters and steered away from the cruel reality of immigrant life there.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - October 17, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer describes the current state of immigration to the West Indies. He urges his readers to abandon any ideas of immigrating. While the concept may sound inviting, the reality of the experiences of those who have gone before is miserable.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page