Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Speech emphasizing the benefits of colonization in Africa. The speaker listed each benefit and positive feature of Africa in a very rational and pragmatic way emphasizing trade, economics, education and Christian missionary work that have improved the colonized areas.
Description of file(s): PDF 25 page, 6,423 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Liberator
The speaker expressed his joy at the progress being made through emancipation in the U. S., and welcomed any African American interested in moving to Liberia to teach and/or add benefit to the continent of Africa.
Description of file(s): PDF 4 page, 999 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Lengthy speech justifying the idea of colonization based on evangelization of Africa. The speaker believed that this was the divine duty of the Negro race since Africa was their spiritual home. The speaker presented a history of Africa and slavery to provide a basis for his reasoning.
Description of file(s): PDF 38 page, 11,220 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
Lengthy speech describing the current conditions in Africa, the new colony in Monrovia and in Liberia. The speaker emphasized the abundance of natural resources, the stability of the freedom based government, and the availability of education to everyone. (Speech 24099 is a duplicate of this speech. Speech 24140 offers another version of this speech.)
Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,852 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Weekly Anglo-African (1859 - 1862)
Overview of speech given in response to the speaker's welcome back to New York from his new home in Africa. The speaker emphasizes the positive condition of the new Liberian society he is helping to establish there.
Description of file(s): PDF 3 page, 592 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Lengthy sermon in which the speaker compares the plight of those held in bondage in the U.S. with the experiences of slaves in ancient Egypt. The speaker believed that it was God's Will that the people of Africa should be converted to Christianity.
Description of file(s): PDF 21 page, 6,407 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: AD Draft -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
-- Copyright Permission Granted September 2007 -- Handwritten notes for speech regarding the speaker's idea that the colonization of Africa is part of God's plan. The speaker emphasized the potential for a quality life there doing God's work.
Description of file(s): PDF 8 page, 1,412 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
Overview of speech regarding the benefits of living in Liberia. The speaker painted a picture of a booming civilization with natural abundance and potential for economy growth and prosperity.
Description of file(s): PDF 3 page, 1,020 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Lengthy speech describing the current situation in the new colony of Monrovia in Liberia, Africa. The speaker emphasized the positive aspects of an abundance of natural resources, a freedom based society and a just government available there. (speech 23971 is a duplicate of this speech)
Description of file(s): PDF 16 page, 4,524 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Lengthy and eloquent eulogy on the life and character of Thomas Clarkson. The speaker spoke about Clarkson's early years, his struggles, and his accomplishments. He included the history of slavery, the current situation with the slaves and freed people of color, and his hopes and beliefs in a positive future.
Description of file(s): PDF 60 page, 17,894 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
The speaker stressed the history, benefit, and continued need of missionary work in Africa. He emphasized the work of Jewish, Baptist, Episcopalian, Catholic, Evangelical, Presbyterian and Protestant missionaries.
Description of file(s): PDF 19 page, 5,354 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
The speaker encouraged immigration to Liberia for former slaves. He emphasized the future potential awaiting free African Americans in Africa that would not only benefit the country, but benefit the race.
Description of file(s): PDF 1 page, 276 word document (text and image)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Patriot
The speaker expressed opposition to the recently passed Fugitive Slave law and emphasized that slavery was a "...disposition on the part of the strong and selfish to use and employ the weak and miserable part of creation as their own instruments...." The speaker felt that the only remedy for this situation was to improve and elevate the condition of the race. He believed that a type of colonization of Africa based in missionary work was the answer, although he expressed that this was not related to a scheme to remove the race from the U.S. as some believed.
Description of file(s): PDF 3 page, 936 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: African Repository
Lengthy speech published in two issues of the African Repository newspaper (combined here into one speech). The speaker noted the similarities between the enslaved people in the U.S. and those enslaved in Israel and Egypt in ancient times. The speaker believed colonization of Africa offered the way to freedom. He emphasized the positive aspects of the new colonies in Monrovia and Liberia.
Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,353 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection
Lengthy speech given during a celebration held in honor of a battle the colonists fought with native Africans in December, 1822. The focus of the speech was on the responsibilities of the founding fathers in establishing the moral, ethical, and social regulations of a new colony like Monrovia in Africa. He emphasized that what the founding fathers establish now would affect the citizens of these colonies for generations to come. It is important, then, to lay a positive foundation now. (this speech is combined with speech 27949 and published as speech number 27139)
Description of file(s): PDF 22 page, 9,150 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Remond, Charles Lenox, 1810-1873
Newspaper or publication: North Star
Speech encouraging "nominally free" African Americans to not give up hope for the abolition of slavery. He urged them to not purchase pro-slavery newspapers and to help themselves overcome the oppression of prejudice. He emphasized that there was a feeling of lethargy and complacency among them that only helped to strengthen the pro-slavery forces.
Description of file(s): PDF 2 page, 484 word document (text and images)
Speaker or author: Caples, Charles V.
Newspaper or publication: Liberator
Short address on the second anniversary of the Colored Young Men's Debating Society in which the speaker acknowledged the benefits and successes of the society.
Description of file(s): PDF 2 page, 320 word document (images and text)
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Title: Colored American - April 10, 1841
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer replies to an article in the American Citizen newspaper indicating that fugitives are being aided in their escape to Canada. He says that the belief that African Americans who succeed in other countries will reflect positively on those left in the U.S. is just another scam to realize the goals of Colonization. He wonders why it's necessary for African Americans to leave their home country to show their own worth when they can do this now where they are.
Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)
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Title: Colored American - April 12, 1838
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer disagrees with the popular view of those promoting Colonization that the African American spirit is "broken" and that there is no chance for them to succeed in the land of their birth. He says that this is just another ploy to get free African Americans to leave their home country.
Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer alerts his readers to what he perceives to be a hoax to trick African Americans to immigrate to Liberia. A letter published in another newspaper tells readers a new society of African Americans is forming to facilitate this action. The writer believes this is a ploy by the American Colonization Society to realize its goals.
Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column
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Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer comments on an article published in another newspaper by J.W.C. Pennington regarding the return to Africa of the Amistad captives. Dr. Pennington sees this as an opportunity to further his missionary work in Africa by using this incident to gain attention for his cause. The writer hopes that instead the people of this country will see the error in the Colonization efforts that Pennington supports.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer alerts his readers to a paper that is being circulated by an unknown author who says he is African American. The paper urges all African Americans to move to Oregon and petition Congress to set aside an area of this territory for an African American settlement. The writer tells his readers that this is evidently either a ploy to get African Americans to leave the city or a misguided person's ramblings.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - August 11, 1838
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer comments on the American Colonization Society. While he views it as an evil scheme, he believes it to be ultimately powerless in the face of ethical reasoning.
Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - August 15, 1840
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
A brief overview of a recent national convention, emphasizing the impact of opposition from colonizationists in attendance. Included is a short article by David Ruggles expressing his opinion of the proceedings.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page
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Title: Colored American - February 10, 1838
Speaker or author: editor
Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)
The writer urges his readers to respect themselves first in order to respect others. He notices that well-meaning friends of African Americans often encourage them to return to Africa. By assuming that the African American can do no more for him/herself in this country than become a burden on society, these friends do more harm than good, even though their positive intentions are not in doubt. Without encouragement from society, the African American is left to doubt his/her own worth.
Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page