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Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

The speaker offered a report on the progress being made in Liberia over the previous four years. Trade, education and immigration had increased, and the future for the country looked bright and hopeful.

Description of file(s): PDF 1 page, 388 word document (text and image)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Speech emphasizing the benefits of colonization in Africa. The speaker listed each benefit and positive feature of Africa in a very rational and pragmatic way emphasizing trade, economics, education and Christian missionary work that have improved the colonized areas.

Description of file(s): PDF 25 page, 6,423 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Liberator

The speaker expressed his joy at the progress being made through emancipation in the U. S., and welcomed any African American interested in moving to Liberia to teach and/or add benefit to the continent of Africa.

Description of file(s): PDF 4 page, 999 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

Lengthy speech describing the current conditions in Africa, the new colony in Monrovia and in Liberia. The speaker emphasized the abundance of natural resources, the stability of the freedom based government, and the availability of education to everyone. (Speech 24099 is a duplicate of this speech. Speech 24140 offers another version of this speech.)

Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,852 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Weekly Anglo-African (1859 - 1862)

Overview of speech given in response to the speaker's welcome back to New York from his new home in Africa. The speaker emphasizes the positive condition of the new Liberian society he is helping to establish there.

Description of file(s): PDF 3 page, 592 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Lengthy sermon in which the speaker compares the plight of those held in bondage in the U.S. with the experiences of slaves in ancient Egypt. The speaker believed that it was God's Will that the people of Africa should be converted to Christianity.

Description of file(s): PDF 21 page, 6,407 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: AD Draft -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

-- Copyright Permission Granted September 2007 -- Handwritten notes for speech regarding the speaker's idea that the colonization of Africa is part of God's plan. The speaker emphasized the potential for a quality life there doing God's work.

Description of file(s): PDF 8 page, 1,412 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

The speaker stressed the benefits of immigration to Liberia by free African Americans. He emphasized the potential for riches, quality education, and peaceful freedom that were available in Liberia.

Description of file(s): PDF 2 page, 550 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Lengthy speech describing the current situation in the new colony of Monrovia in Liberia, Africa. The speaker emphasized the positive aspects of an abundance of natural resources, a freedom based society and a just government available there. (speech 23971 is a duplicate of this speech)

Description of file(s): PDF 16 page, 4,524 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

The speaker encouraged immigration to Liberia for former slaves. He emphasized the future potential awaiting free African Americans in Africa that would not only benefit the country, but benefit the race.

Description of file(s): PDF 1 page, 276 word document (text and image)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

Lengthy speech published in two issues of the African Repository newspaper (combined here into one speech). The speaker noted the similarities between the enslaved people in the U.S. and those enslaved in Israel and Egypt in ancient times. The speaker believed colonization of Africa offered the way to freedom. He emphasized the positive aspects of the new colonies in Monrovia and Liberia.

Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,353 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Lengthy speech given during a celebration held in honor of a battle the colonists fought with native Africans in December, 1822. The focus of the speech was on the responsibilities of the founding fathers in establishing the moral, ethical, and social regulations of a new colony like Monrovia in Africa. He emphasized that what the founding fathers establish now would affect the citizens of these colonies for generations to come. It is important, then, to lay a positive foundation now. (this speech is combined with speech 27949 and published as speech number 27139)

Description of file(s): PDF 22 page, 9,150 word document (text and images)

Subtitle: American Colonization Society.

Title: Aliened American - April 9, 1853

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Aliened American (1853 - 1877)

The writer points out a discrepancy in the number of immigrants reportedly colonized in Liberia and the amount of money the American Colonization Society say they have invested in each person participating in this project.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Title: Anonymous

Speaker or author: Anonymous

Newspaper or publication: Liberator

Anonymous speech delivered by a member of the Society cooperating with the General Convention at Philadelphia against the colonization of Africa by freed slaves. (Includes MP3 audio file.)

Description of file(s): PDF 2 page, 442 word document (text and images)

Title: Anonymous

Speaker or author: Anonymous

Newspaper or publication: Liberator

An anonymous address regarding objections to the goals of the Colonization Society, with an emphasis on the negative impact of moving people from their native country.

Description of file(s): PDF 7 page, 2,025 word document (text and images)

Subtitle: The American Citizen--Canada Mission--Ourself.

Title: Colored American - April 10, 1841

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer replies to an article in the American Citizen newspaper indicating that fugitives are being aided in their escape to Canada. He says that the belief that African Americans who succeed in other countries will reflect positively on those left in the U.S. is just another scam to realize the goals of Colonization. He wonders why it's necessary for African Americans to leave their home country to show their own worth when they can do this now where they are.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Their Spirits Not Broken.

Title: Colored American - April 12, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer disagrees with the popular view of those promoting Colonization that the African American spirit is "broken" and that there is no chance for them to succeed in the land of their birth. He says that this is just another ploy to get free African Americans to leave their home country.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Peculiar Hoax.

Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer alerts his readers to what he perceives to be a hoax to trick African Americans to immigrate to Liberia. A letter published in another newspaper tells readers a new society of African Americans is forming to facilitate this action. The writer believes this is a ploy by the American Colonization Society to realize its goals.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: "A Thought by the Way."

Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer comments on an article published in another newspaper by J.W.C. Pennington regarding the return to Africa of the Amistad captives. Dr. Pennington sees this as an opportunity to further his missionary work in Africa by using this incident to gain attention for his cause. The writer hopes that instead the people of this country will see the error in the Colonization efforts that Pennington supports.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: A Humbug Indeed.

Title: Colored American - April 24, 1841

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer alerts his readers to a paper that is being circulated by an unknown author who says he is African American. The paper urges all African Americans to move to Oregon and petition Congress to set aside an area of this territory for an African American settlement. The writer tells his readers that this is evidently either a ploy to get African Americans to leave the city or a misguided person's ramblings.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: American Colonization.

Title: Colored American - August 11, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer comments on the American Colonization Society. While he views it as an evil scheme, he believes it to be ultimately powerless in the face of ethical reasoning.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: President's Message.

Title: Colored American - December 15, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

Brief comment on a recent presidential speech. The writer suggests that by the his silence on the subject of abolition, Martin Van Buren has offered a boost to the American Colonization Society's cause.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The Chief of Sinners.

Title: Colored American - January 20, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer expresses his belief that while members of the American Colonization Society are honorable and sincere people, the aim of the society is based in prejudice and those who align with its goals are mislead.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Colonization Herald.

Title: Colored American - January 27, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer expresses his rejection of the goals and ideals of colonization and the societies formed to promote it.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Hon. Wm. H. Burnley's Letter to Lord John Russell.

Title: Colored American - July 11, 1840

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer replies to a letter from the immigration agent for Trinidad to a member of Britain's parliament blaming the actions of abolitionists for the current racial tension in the U.S. The agent reasoned that for free African Americans, immigration was the only rational choice. The writer disagreed with his conclusions.

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

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