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Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Speech emphasizing the benefits of colonization in Africa. The speaker listed each benefit and positive feature of Africa in a very rational and pragmatic way emphasizing trade, economics, education and Christian missionary work that have improved the colonized areas.

Description of file(s): PDF 25 page, 6,423 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

Lengthy speech describing the current conditions in Africa, the new colony in Monrovia and in Liberia. The speaker emphasized the abundance of natural resources, the stability of the freedom based government, and the availability of education to everyone. (Speech 24099 is a duplicate of this speech. Speech 24140 offers another version of this speech.)

Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,852 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- British Library -- Anti-Slavery Pamphlets

Lengthy speech given as the annual oration on Independence Day in Liberia, Monrovia. The speaker emphasized the advances in Monrovia's economy, industry, resources and education of its people made since its humble beginnings.

Description of file(s): PDF 46 page, 12,594 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

The speaker stressed the benefits of immigration to Liberia by free African Americans. He emphasized the potential for riches, quality education, and peaceful freedom that were available in Liberia.

Description of file(s): PDF 2 page, 550 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Lengthy speech describing the current situation in the new colony of Monrovia in Liberia, Africa. The speaker emphasized the positive aspects of an abundance of natural resources, a freedom based society and a just government available there. (speech 23971 is a duplicate of this speech)

Description of file(s): PDF 16 page, 4,524 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

The speaker stressed the history, benefit, and continued need of missionary work in Africa. He emphasized the work of Jewish, Baptist, Episcopalian, Catholic, Evangelical, Presbyterian and Protestant missionaries.

Description of file(s): PDF 19 page, 5,354 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: African Repository

Lengthy speech published in two issues of the African Repository newspaper (combined here into one speech). The speaker noted the similarities between the enslaved people in the U.S. and those enslaved in Israel and Egypt in ancient times. The speaker believed colonization of Africa offered the way to freedom. He emphasized the positive aspects of the new colonies in Monrovia and Liberia.

Description of file(s): PDF 13 page, 5,353 word document (text and images)

Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Lengthy speech given during a celebration held in honor of a battle the colonists fought with native Africans in December, 1822. The focus of the speech was on the responsibilities of the founding fathers in establishing the moral, ethical, and social regulations of a new colony like Monrovia in Africa. He emphasized that what the founding fathers establish now would affect the citizens of these colonies for generations to come. It is important, then, to lay a positive foundation now. (this speech is combined with speech 27949 and published as speech number 27139)

Description of file(s): PDF 22 page, 9,150 word document (text and images)

Title: Charles L. Reason

Speaker or author: Reason, Charles Lewis, 1818-1893

Newspaper or publication: National Anti-Slavery Standard

Speech given against the goals of the American Colonization Society and the speaker's belief that colonization of Africa simply offered another type of enslavement to African Americans.

Description of file(s): PDF 11 page, 3,314 word document (text and images)

Subtitle: News From Liberia. Missions and Murder.

Title: Colored American - June 6, 1840

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer comments on a report published in another newspaper describing hostile events taking place in Libera, Africa.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Later from Liberia.

Title: Colored American - October 2, 1841

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer briefly reports on recent events in Liberia, Africa.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Title: Edward Wilmot Blyden

Speaker or author: Blyden, Edward Wilmot, 1832-1912.

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- Lynch, Black Spokesman: Selected Writings of Edward Wilmot Blyden, pp. 63-65

Speech regarding the issues facing Liberia at the time. The speaker believed that the desire to be rich had created too much foreign dependency and not enough development of internal values for the Liberian population in terms of morality, education, and economics. (Includes MP3 audio file.)

Description of file(s): PDF 3 page, 911 word document (text and images)

Subtitle: Hints and Queries.

Title: Weekly Anglo-African - December 14, 1861

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Weekly Anglo-African (1859 - 1862)

With "three-fourths of a million" white men joining the Union army and heading into war, the North is suffering from a labor shortage. The writer suggests that now is the time for free African Americans to fill those needed positions and lift themselves out of menial jobs. He focuses on the change taking place within the social structure.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: African Intelligence.

Title: Weekly Anglo-African - September 17, 1859

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Weekly Anglo-African (1859 - 1862)

Brief news snippets of current events in Monrovia received from recently arrived ships from Africa.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

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