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Subtitle: The American Citizen--Canada Mission--Ourself.

Title: Colored American - April 10, 1841

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer replies to an article in the American Citizen newspaper indicating that fugitives are being aided in their escape to Canada. He says that the belief that African Americans who succeed in other countries will reflect positively on those left in the U.S. is just another scam to realize the goals of Colonization. He wonders why it's necessary for African Americans to leave their home country to show their own worth when they can do this now where they are.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Emigration of Colored People to Canada.

Title: Colored American - November 18, 1837

Speaker or author: Ray, Charles B. (Charles Bennett), 1807-1886

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer notes that most African Americans are immigrating to Canada to find relief from prejudice and unemployment. He urges them instead to immigrate to Wisconsin, which is currently being settled. Land there is inexpensive, the territory is beautiful, and people live together harmoniously.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Visit to Toronto, Canada.

Title: Frederick Douglass' Paper - August 18, 1854

Speaker or author: Watkins, William J.

Newspaper or publication: Frederick Douglass' Paper (1851 - 18??)

The writer comments briefly on his visit to Toronto, Canada and the work being done there on behalf of its black citizens.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Begging for Fugitives in Canada.

Title: Provincial Freeman - April 14, 1855

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer laments the continued perception among the Canadian public that people of African descent are unable to care for themselves. The automatic assumption that these people must be clothed, fed, and sheltered is degrading to the race.

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: The "Raleigh Plains" Lands.

Title: Provincial Freeman - April 25, 1857

Speaker or author: Cary, Mary Ann Shadd, 1823-1893

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer alerts her readers to the likely disposal of land by the Canadian government to speculators since most of it is under water. This action would remove those who have settled there in hopes of establishing a homestead.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Speeches of Mr. Dall of Canada, and Mr. Remond of the United States, on the 1st of August, at Abington, Massachusetts.

Title: Provincial Freeman - August 19, 1854

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer offers his opinions of the views of two anti-slavery lecturers. This is mainly a critique of the opinons of Mr. Dall on the future success of people of African descent living in Canada.

Description of file(s): four scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: African Civilization Society of Canada.

Title: Provincial Freeman - January 29, 1859

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer tells his readers that the question of "African civilization" is divided among two groups in Canada. One argues that civilizing Africa will put an end to the slave trade once and for all; the other is totally against anything that even sounds like immigration (or Colonization).

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Circular Calling upon Fugitives from Canada for West India Labours.

Title: Provincial Freeman - July 1, 1854

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer expresses his opinion of a circular he received calling for people of African descent living in Canada to work in the British West Indies. He believes this is another immigration scheme created by those who suppose these people are not smart enough to stay where they are.

Description of file(s): four scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: Annexation of Canada.

Title: Provincial Freeman - July 1, 1854

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer shares an article published in a Virginia newspaper about the idea of annexaction of Canada. He tells his readers that this article does more harm than good in its attempt to explain the political position of Canadians on this subject.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Canada -- Liberia -- H. Ford Douglass -- Provincial Freeman -- Mary A. Shadd.

Title: Provincial Freeman - July 19, 1856

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer underscores the benefits of the Provincial Freeman newspaper and publications like it in helping to promote justice and freedom among those of African descent. (Partially illegible; best copy available.)

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages (partially illegible)

Subtitle: The Colored Men of Canada and the Eastern War.

Title: Provincial Freeman - June 16, 1855

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer briefly comments on the Crimean war.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Mrs. H. B. Stowe's Visit to Canada.

Title: Provincial Freeman - June 7, 1856

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer discusses rumors of an upcoming visit by author H. B. Stowe. He believes those who would make a profit off the condition of fugitive slaves in Canada are using this visit as a money making scheme.

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: Relations of Canada to American Slavery.

Title: Provincial Freeman - March 24, 1853

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer discusses the role of Canada in U.S. efforts to capture runaway slaves. Since Canada is a British province, and since there are no slaves on British soil, slaves are not considered fugitives once they cross into Canada. He emphasizes the problems this relationship creates between the two countries.

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: United States and Canada -- a Parallel.

Title: Provincial Freeman - October 13, 1855

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The author makes a comparison between the authority in the U.S. government of the "slave power," and the similar authority the Canadian government has given to the Roman Catholic Church.

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: Yankee Piety in Canada.

Title: Provincial Freeman - September 15, 1855

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer accuses an organization called The American Sunday School Union of attempting to subvert and destroy the Canadian government in its efforts to return fugitive slaves to the U.S.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Crown Lands.

Title: Provincial Freeman - September 16, 1854

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer tells his readers that although government land is available in various parts of Canada, people of African descent are being turned away when they try to purchase property. He wants this injustice remedied, and makes suggestions for resolving the problem.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Canada Mill Company.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - April 22, 1852

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

Brief overview of the Canada Mill and Mercantile Company that offers opportunity for employment and a relief from charity for fugitive slaves.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Price of Canada Lands.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - April 22, 1852

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer responds to a question regarding the price of land in Canada.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: What do the Fugitives in Canada Stand in Need of? No. III.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - April 23, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer suggests that instead of donations of food and clothing, fugitive slaves would be better served with financial aid to help purchase land. (Incomplete) See Voice of the Fugitive editorial 11524edi.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Anti-Slavery Meetings in Canada.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - April 9, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer combines a mention of recent church meetings with a brief overview of the presence of schools in the Chatham area.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: What do the Fugitives in Canada Stand Mostly in Need of.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - April 9, 1851

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer tells his readers that what the fugitive slaves living in Canada need more than anything right now is knowledge and strength. Instead of clothing and food, he asks those who want to help to contribute land and education. These will better help the poor and fugitives build their own futures.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Bibles for the Refugees in Canada.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - August 13, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The editor tells his readers that Bibles that were promised several months ago as donations for the poor and fugitive slaves have not yet arrived.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Slaves in Canada.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - August 13, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer responds to an article in another newspaper saying that fugitive slaves are living in decaying war barracks in Canada. The article describes much poverty and suffering there.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: No. 2 Emigration to Canada and Jamaica.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - December 3, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer takes a further look at the economic, agricultural, political, and social significance of immigration for African Americans.

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: Temperance in Canada.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - February 12, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

Brief overview of a monthly temperance meeting in Sandwich township.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

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