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Title: Alexander Crummell

Speaker or author: Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898

Newspaper or publication: Presscopy -- New York Public Library -- Schomburg Collection

Lengthy speech describing the current situation in the new colony of Monrovia in Liberia, Africa. The speaker emphasized the positive aspects of an abundance of natural resources, a freedom based society and a just government available there. (speech 23971 is a duplicate of this speech)

Description of file(s): PDF 16 page, 4,524 word document (text and images)

Subtitle: Defective in Enterprise and Policy.

Title: Colored American - April 19, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer stresses the benefits of civil rights. While they live in a racially restricted society, most African Americans in New York are not taking advantage of the civil rights they do have. He also stresses the benefits of farming and owning land.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Husbandry.

Title: Colored American - February 17, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer urges his readers to purchase land and take up farming. He emphasizes the benefits of this type of investment in their well being and to their posterity.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Fields for Industry--scope for Enterprise.

Title: Colored American - January 26, 1839

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer suggests as an alternative to colonizing Africa with free African Americans that the government should open the available acreage within its territories to all Americans regardless of color. He provides a list of acreage available in various states. He is alarmed with how quickly this land is being settled by foreign immigrants. He believes this land is better used by issuing it to African Americans instead.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Agriculture.

Title: Colored American - June 30, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer encourages his readers to purchase land and become farmers. He urges them to leave the larger cities and raise their families in the country where there is more opportunity for a quality life. The cities offer prejudice and misery, the country offers independence and security.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Agricultural Pursuits.

Title: Colored American - November 4, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer encourages his readers to take up agriculture. He believes that owning land, tilling the soil, and producing crops is a noble and honorable endeavor. By choosing professions in mechanics and farming, African Americans can become a vital part of the foundation of the country.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Self-Denial, Enterprise, Husbandry.

Title: Colored American - September 29, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer tells his readers that the three most important things in living a successful life are "self-denial" (avoiding vice and sin), "enterprise" (focusing on hard work and self improvement), and "husbandry" (farming and owning land).

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Dignity of Labor.

Title: Elevator - June 16, 1865

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Elevator (1865 - 18??)

The writer encourages young people to strive for obtaining the best jobs possible. Next to education, he finds this endeavor of utmost importance to their individual well-being and the advancement of the race.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Buxton Settlement.

Title: Provincial Freeman - April 12, 1856

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer offers a brief overview of the settlement of Buxton and the 140 families living there.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Price of Canada Lands.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - April 22, 1852

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer responds to a question regarding the price of land in Canada.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Agriculture.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - April 9, 1851

Speaker or author: Farm Work for March.

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer discusses the current planting season and makes suggestions to farmers.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Thirty Thousand Fugitives.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - August 13, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer provides an update on the current status of the fugitive slaves and refugees living in Canada.

Description of file(s): two scanned, two columned, newspaper pages

Subtitle: Colored Men Awake to Your Interest.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - January 15, 1852

Speaker or author: G.

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer responds to an article published in another newspaper urging people of African (and Irish) descent to buy land now in Canada, and settle in a country that's less hostile to them than the U.S.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Colored Settlements and Schools.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - January 29, 1852

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer provides a brief overview of the current status of the settlements around Sandwich in Canada.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Flax Cotton.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - July 30, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

With the introduction of Chevalier Claussen's new cotton processing for flax, the writer sees an opportunity for northern free labor (in terms of agricultural endeavors) to compete with southern cotton growers and finally put an end to the system of slavery.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Keep It Before the Refugees' Friends.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - July 30, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer provides an update on the collection of funds to purchase land for the refugees from slavery living in Canada.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Call for a North American Convention.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - July 30, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer tells his readers the details for the upcoming anti-slavery convention to be held in Toronto. To be addressed are issues including the moral, mental, and physical education of those of African descent, along with the idea of abandoning menial employment for agricultural pursuits, and an allegiance to a government that protects their liberty.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned newspaper page

Subtitle: Editorial Letter.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - July 30, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer provides an overview of the city of Chicago and tells about his visit there.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Canada Lands.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - June 1, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer tells his readers about land for sale at a good price in the southwestern portion of Canada.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Where Do the Canada People Find a Market for their Produce.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - June 18, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer tells his readers that while Detroit receives most of what Canadian farmers produce, there is a large market for these goods in the local area.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Hemp and Flax Growing.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - March 12, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer discusses the agricultural value of growing flax and hemp, two crops that do well in Canadian soil.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Land is Bought for the Fugitives.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - November 19, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer announces that the Refugees' Home Society has just purchased Canadian land that will be made available to the homeless. Details of how this land will be distributed will follow in a later issue, or the readers may contact the representatives listed.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The Refugee's Home.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - October 21, 1852

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

The writer praises the work of the Refugees' Home Society in Canada. He also mentions the lack of progress those opposed to this society are making in trying to stop it.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Agricultural Fairs.

Title: Voice of the Fugitive - October 8, 1851

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Voice of the Fugitive (1851 - 1852)

Brief overview of a recent agricultural fair held in Detroit.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: From Hayti.

Title: Weekly Anglo-African - February 9, 1861

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Weekly Anglo-African (1859 - 1862)

The writer comments on the news from Hayti published in a Haytian newspaper he recently received.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

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