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Subtitle: The Necessity of Union.

Title: Colored American - August 24, 1839

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer points out the benefits of union within the African American community. These benefits include not only political rights and safety, but social and community well-being.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Public worship on the Sabbath.

Title: Colored American - February 17, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer encourages his readers to attend church on Sundays.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Phoenix School.

Title: Colored American - July 1, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer relates the plight of the Phoenix School, which is about to close due to lack of funding. He tells his readers, however, that money has been left for the benefit of this school through the Will of a philanthropist. This money is now sitting in a bank and not being used as it was intended.

Description of file(s): two scanned newspaper pages (three columns)

Subtitle: Sanctify the Sabbath.

Title: Colored American - July 15, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer urges his readers to attend church on Sundays.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Old and the New School.

Title: Colored American - June 1, 1839

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer reminds his readers of the powerful influence the Church has on continuing slavery in the U.S.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The Sabbath Day.

Title: Colored American - March 18, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer calls upon all African Americans to "honor the Sabbath and keep it holy." He stresses conduct such as not using profanity, and honoring God, with an emphasis on morality as well as church attendance.

Description of file(s): one scanned, one columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: With Whom Are We In Union?

Title: Colored American - May 6, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer expresses his dismay at the irony displayed in a country whose people focus on keeping the "Union" strong when there are those within its northern states who live in fear of those in the south.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Union.

Title: Colored American - November 10, 1838

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The editor shares articles with his readers indicating the growing unrest between the northern and southern states over the issue of slavery.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Holy Sabbath.

Title: Colored American - November 11, 1837

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer reminds his readers of the importance of the Biblical quote, "remember the Sabbath and keep it holy." When there is a religious focus in one's life, there's no room for vice and sin.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Sabbath Intruders.

Title: Colored American - October 24, 1840

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Colored American (1837 - 1842)

The writer admonishes his readers to keep the Sabbath holy by refraining from "amusements" on this day. He calls special attention to the youth who have been seen "playing ball" on this day. He asks parents to monitor their children's behavior on the Sabbath.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The Result of the Union State Convention.

Title: Elevator - August 25, 1865

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Elevator (1865 - 18??)

The writer gives detailed commentary on a recent political convention.

Description of file(s): three scanned newspaper pages (five columns)

Subtitle: Disintegration of the Union Party.

Title: Elevator - September 8, 1865

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Elevator (1865 - 18??)

The writer offers commentary on a recent political election. He believes the Union Party is defeated and can no longer continue in its political efforts.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Equal Rights School.

Title: Frederick Douglass' Paper - August 25, 1854

Speaker or author: Watkins, William J.

Newspaper or publication: Frederick Douglass' Paper (1851 - 18??)

The writer discusses the injustices of prejudice as it affects segregation in churches and schools. He stresses the distinction made in terms of skin color since an Irish immigrant is granted more consideration than an African American solely because of his skin color.

Description of file(s): three scanned newspaper pages (five columns)

Subtitle: Union Literary Association.

Title: Frederick Douglass' Paper - February 2, 1855

Speaker or author: Watkins, William J.

Newspaper or publication: Frederick Douglass' Paper (1851 - 18??)

The writer reviews a debate presented by the Union Literary Association.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: Colored People of Rochester--Geo. W. Prince, Singing School, &c.

Title: Frederick Douglass' Paper - March 10, 1854

Speaker or author: Watkins, William J.

Newspaper or publication: Frederick Douglass' Paper (1851 - 18??)

The writer discusses the unity and elevation African Americans can realize thanks to men like George W. Prince who offers his talents to all in a "singing school" environment.

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: The Public School.

Title: Pacific Appeal - April 18, 1863

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Pacific Appeal (1862 - 188?)

The writer tells his readers that the public school room set aside for the education of African American children is in terrible condition. Although parents and others have complained for years, nothing has been done to remedy this.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The New Public School Building.

Title: Pacific Appeal - February 20, 1864

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Pacific Appeal (1862 - 188?)

The writer briefly discusses the opening of a new school for African American children. A bill before the state Senate which is expected to become law will provide for the education of all children in California regardless of race.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: L'Union.

Title: Pacific Appeal - October 10, 1863

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Pacific Appeal (1862 - 188?)

The editor shares with his readers his discovery of the existence of a French and English newspaper being published by an African American regiment of Union soldiers in Louisiana.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The School System.

Title: Pacific Appeal - October 25, 1862

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Pacific Appeal (1862 - 188?)

The writer explains the current situation regarding African American schools in California. He believes the new Legislature will reform the current system.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: School Tax.

Title: Palladium of Liberty - June 12, 1844

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Palladium of Liberty (1843 - 1844)

The writer comments on a state law that provides for the education of white children only.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: American Sunday School Union and American Tract Society.

Title: Provincial Freeman - July 4, 1857

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer offers a brief critique of educational and religious societies in Canada and the U.S. Most he concludes are hypocritical.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: New School Presbyterians -- United States.

Title: Provincial Freeman - July 4, 1857

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer offers a brief critique of and commentary on a recent religious convention held in Ohio.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: School for All!!

Title: Provincial Freeman - June 13, 1857

Speaker or author: Cary, Mary Ann Shadd, 1823-1893

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer tells her readers that a school offering basic courses for all children regardless of race or financial situation is available.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

Subtitle: The Discourse by the Rev. Dr. Helmuth of the Colonial Church and School Society.

Title: Provincial Freeman - June 18, 1859

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer gives a brief overview of an address given by a representative of the Church of England who traveled to Chatham to speak on "benevolent and philanthropic religious societies."

Description of file(s): one scanned, two columned, newspaper page

Subtitle: Union.

Title: Provincial Freeman - March 24, 1853

Speaker or author: editor

Newspaper or publication: Provincial Freeman (1853 - 1859)

The writer points to the cultural divisions in other countries based on religion and region and compares these with the racial divisions in the U.S. He notes that union within a society is important, but not at the expense of individual moral principles.

Description of file(s): one scanned newspaper column

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