University Archives

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by communication, behavioral, and sensory challenges that may interfere with daily functioning, including oral health maintenance. Children with ASD have historically experienced higher rates of unmet dental needs compared with their neurotypical peers.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the oral health status of children with ASD compared with children without ASD and to identify factors contributing to observed disparities.

Methods: A review of the literature was conducted, including case reports, case-control studies, and longitudinal studies assessing dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral health–related behaviors in pediatric patients with ASD.

Results: Children with ASD exhibited significantly higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease compared with children without ASD, with many experiencing untreated or advanced disease. Contributing factors included patient-related barriers such as reduced independent toothbrushing, limited use of oral hygiene products, low oral health knowledge, and psychosocial barriers, as well as caregiver-related financial burdens limiting access to preventive care.

Conclusion: Children with ASD experience poorer oral health outcomes than children without ASD, due to patient- and caregiver-related barriers. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions–such as behavioral and sensory accommodations, caregiver support, and enhanced dental professional training–to improve oral health status in this population.